Disease Prevention Interventions

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Condition: Meningitis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
  • Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
  • Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • Vaccination: meningococcal
< 5 years
  • Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
  • Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
  • Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • Vaccination: meningococcal
5 - 11 years
  • Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
  • Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
  • Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • Vaccination: meningococcal
12 - 24 years
  • Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
  • Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
  • Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • Vaccination: meningococcal
25 - 59 years

Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts Vaccination: meningococcal"

60+ years
  • Post exposure prophylaxis for elderly persons in close contacts with someone with N.meningitidis
  • Chemo prophylaxis for elderly persons living in a household with one or more unvaccinated children younger than 48 months.
 
Condition: Whooping Cough
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Vaccination of pregnant women/One Tdap vaccine during the third trimester of every pregnancy
< 5 years
  • Pertussis-containing vaccination
  • Chemoprophylaxis to contacts
  • Vitamin A supplementation
5 - 11 years
  • Pertussis-containing vaccination
  • Chemoprophylaxis to contacts
  • Vitamin A supplementation
12 - 24 years
  • Vaccination-One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine
  • Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts
  • Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene
  • Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
  • Cough and sneezing etiquette
  • Community Reporting systems on whopping cough
25 - 59 years
  • Vaccination
  • One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine
  • Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts
  • Practicing proper hygiene including hand hygiene
  • Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
  • Cough and sneezing etiquette
  • Community Reporting systems on whopping cough
60+ years
  • Vaccination
  • Tdap
  • Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts
 
Condition: Encephalitis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
  • Parasites such as Ticks control
< 5 years
  • Childhood vaccinations against diseases -measles, mumps, rubella
  • Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
  • Parasites such as Ticks control
5 - 11 years
  • Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
  • Parasites such as Ticks control
12 - 24 years
  • Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)Parasites such as Ticks control
25 - 59 years
  • Vectors mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
  • Parasites such as Ticks control
60+ years
  • Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
  • Parasites such as Ticks control
 
Condition: Measles
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • ANC services
  • Post-natal care services
  • Contact tracing
  • Quarantine for contacts
  • Isolation for the mothers with measles to contain the spread
< 5 years
  • Routine on schedule vaccination
  • Vitamin A supplementation
5 - 11 years
  • Routine on schedule vaccination
  • Vitamin A supplementation
12 - 24 years
  • Contact tracing
  • Quarantine for contacts
  • Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread
25 - 59 years
  • Contact tracing
  • Quarantine for contacts
  • Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread
60+ years
  • Contact tracing
  • Quarantine for contacts
  • Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread
 
Condition: Trichomoniasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
  • Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
  • Investigation of victims of sexual abuse for Trichomoniasis
  • Examination and investigation of girls with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
12 - 24 years
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of female adolescents with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
25 - 59 years
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of women with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
60+ years
 
Condition: Tuberculosis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • BCG vaccination at birth
  • HIV counselling and Testing for all Pregnant women
  • Pregnant women to avoid contact with people with persistent cough
  • Investigate pregnant women with persistent cough for TB
< 5 years
  • Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
  • Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
  • Improve room ventilation
  • Protect health care workers
5 - 11 years
  • Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
  • Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
  • Improve room ventilation
  • Protect health care workers
12 - 24 years
  • Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
  • Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
  • Improve room ventilation
  • Protect health care workers
25 - 59 years
  • Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
  • Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
  • Improve room ventilation
  • Protect health care workers
  • TB preventive therapy
60+ years
  • Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
  • Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
  • Improve room ventilation
  • Protect health care workers
 
Condition: Syphilis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Safe blood transfusion
  • Early syphilis screening and treatment of women
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abusGirls with evidence of sexual abuse should be screened for sexually transmitted infections
  • Test is non-reactiveGirls with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
  • Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until
12 - 24 years
  • Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
  • Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
25 - 59 years
  • Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
  • Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
  • Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
60+ years
  • Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
  • Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
  • Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
 
Condition: Other STDs
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
< 5 years
5 - 11 years

Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms Vaccination: human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination: hepatitis B

  • Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors
12 - 24 years
  • Conduct Clinical examination of reproductive system
  • Examination and investigation of adolescents STI symptoms
  • Conduct follow up to high-risk groups, such as youths and commercial sex workers and prisoners
  • Awareness and sensitization about HTS
  • Assess further complications and manage conditions
  • Introduce mechanism on a regular check-up and follow up mechanism
  • Training health workers on complex complications of STI
25 - 59 years

Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote correct and consistent use of condoms Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors

60+ years
  • Examination and investigation of men and women for STI symptoms
 
Condition: HIV/AIDS
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Counseling and Testing for HIV of pregnant women Administration of antiretroviral drugs to babies born to HIV positive mothers
  • Avoid breastfeeding of babies of HIV positive mothers if feasible
  • Avoid mixed feeding of babies of HIV positive mothers
  • Perform PCR test of babies of HIV positive mothers between birth and six weeks
< 5 years
  • Primary prevention of HIV in adolescents and women of child bearing ages
  • Screen pregnant women for HIV
  • Contraceptives
  • ARV for HIV positive pregnant women
  • ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant
5 - 11 years
  • Screen pregnant women for HIV
  • ARV for HIV positive pregnant women
  • ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant
  • Contraceptives
12 - 24 years
  • Provider-initiated HIV testing
  • Screening blood for HIV
  • Oral PrEP
  • Dapivirine vaginal ring
  • Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis
  • Treatment of STIs
  • Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
  • Substance abuse treatment
  • Needle exchange program
25 - 59 years
  • Provider-initiated HIV testing
  • Screening blood for HIV
  • Oral PrEP
  • Dapivirine vaginal ring
  • Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis
  • Treatment of STIs
  • Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
  • Substance abuse treatment
  • Needle exchange program
60+ years
  • HIV Testing including HIV self-test
  • Oral PrEP
  • Injectable PrEP
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis
  • Screening high risk groups for STI and HIV
  • Early treatment of STIs
 
Condition: Gonorrhoea
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections or drops to asymptomatic babies of mothers with confirmed Gonorrhea 1% silver nitrate drops, 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline ointments
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
  • Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
12 - 24 years
  • Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
25 - 59 years
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
60+ years
  • Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
 
Condition: Genital herpes
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
  • Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovirTreatment of sex partners
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
12 - 24 years
  • Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Diarrhoeal diseases
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Implementation of exclusive breastfeeding policies
  • Adoption of Baby Friendly Initiative to promote exclusive breastfeeding
  • Immunization for newborns
  • Early initiation of breastfeeding
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Chlamydia
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
  • Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
12 - 24 years
  • Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
25 - 59 years
  • Screening of high risk adult women for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of adult women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of adult men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
60+ years
  • Examination and investigation of elderly women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
  • Examination and investigation of elderly men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
 
Condition: Dengue
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Community awareness and education On Dengue
  • Proper solid waste disposal and improved
  • use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding
< 5 years
  • Community awareness and education On Dengue
  • Proper solid waste disposal and improved
  • use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding
5 - 11 years
  • Community awareness and education On Dengue
  • Proper solid waste disposal and improved
  • use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding
12 - 24 years
  • Community awareness and education On Dengue
  • Proper solid waste disposal and improved
  • use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding
25 - 59 years
  • Community awareness and education On Dengue
  • Proper solid waste disposal and improved
  • use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding
60+ years
  • Community awareness and education On Dengue
  • Proper solid waste disposal and improved
  • use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding
 
Condition: Lymphatic filariasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Primary prevention
- Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measures
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams
  • Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
12 - 24 years
  • Primary prevention
- Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measures
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams
  • Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
25 - 59 years
  • Primary prevention
- Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measures
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams
  • Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
60+ years
  • Primary prevention
- Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measures
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams
  • Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
 
Condition: Diphtheria
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Vaccination with Tdap during routine wellness visits to women and girls of childbearing age
  • Provide ANC services for women including health education on diptheria
  • Provide Post-natal care services
< 5 years
  • Routine vaccination for diphtheria according to the national schedule
  • (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)
  • Defaulter tracing for children who are not fully immunized
  • Outreach services to the communities
  • Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria
  • Contact tracing for under 5s who have been in contact with persons infected with diphtheria
  • Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated under 5s
  • Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for under 5s who have been in close contact with some with diphtheria
  • Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
5 - 11 years
  • Routine vaccination (booster vaccination) for diphtheria according to the national schedule
  • Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria
  • (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)
  • Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friend, Health care workers
  • Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
  • Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
  • Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series
  • Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
12 - 24 years
  • Routine vaccination (booster vaccination) for diphtheria according to the national schedule
  • Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria
  • (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)
  • Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
  • Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
  • Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
  • Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
25 - 59 years
  • Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria
  • Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
  • Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
  • Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin/erythromycin) for close contacts
  • Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series
  • Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
60+ years
  • Information/education on transmission and prevention of diphtheria
  • Creation of awareness on importance on immunization
  • Education on proper nutrition for elderly
  • Creation of awareness on good hygiene practices
  • Provision of IEC materials
  • Training/sensitizing health workforce on diphtheria and its management
 
Condition: Acute Hepatitis B
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Hepatitis B Vaccination for the pregnant women
  • Prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B through; anti-retroviral prophylaxis
  • Integration of hepatitis B testing and treatment of eligible pregnant women with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis with antenatal care service. ‘Triple elimination approach
  • Routine Screening for Hepatitis B for the pregnant women
  • Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn within 24 hours of birth
  • Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
  • Avoid re-use of needles and syringes
< 5 years
  • Hepatitis B Vaccination for those not vaccinated at birth
  • Screening for Hepatitis B for those at risk ; those living with someone who has hepatitis B
  • Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,-
  • Avoid re-use of needles and syringes
5 - 11 years
  • Universal precaution
  • Hepatitis B Screening for high risk persons
  • Hepatitis B vaccination
  • Safe blood donation
  • Safe injection practices
  • Eliminate unnecessary injections
  • Avoiding re-use of needles and syringes
12 - 24 years
  • Universal precaution
  • Hepatitis B Screening for high risk persons
  • Hepatitis B vaccination
  • Safe blood donation
  • Safe injection practices
  • Eliminate unnecessary injections
25 - 59 years
60+ years
  • Hepatitis B screening and Vaccination for elderly at risk including People who frequently require blood or blood products - Dialysis patients - Recipients of solid organ transplantation - People in prisons - People who inject drugs - Household and sexual contacts of people with chronic HBV infection, - Elderly with multiple sexual partners, Healthcare workers and others who may be exposed to blood and blood products through their work - Travelers who have not completed their HBV series, who should be offered the vaccine before leaving for endemic areas
  • Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
  • Avoid re-use of needles and syringes.
 
Condition: Hepatitis A
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Advice on Observation of personal hygiene practices such as regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
  • Advice on proper disposal of human waste within communities
  • Advice mothers on Proper food hygiene including - proper cooking/heatingAdvice mothers on Use clean safe water for drinking
  • Advice mothers on Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
  • Advice mothers on Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant
< 5 years
  • Education/sensitization to families on Strict personal and hand hygiene
  • Hepatitis A Vaccine for children older than 1 year especially children who live in communities where the number of HAV infections is unusually high or where there are periodic outbreaks of hepatitis A.
5 - 11 years
  • School health programs
  • Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through advice and sensitization.
  • Proper hand hygiene
  • Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
  • Use clean safe water for drinking
  • Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infection
  • Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant
12 - 24 years
  • Advice on on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others
  • Proper hand hygiene
  • Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
  • Use clean safe water for drinking
  • Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
  • Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;-
  • Men who have sex with men
  • People who use illegal drugs
  • People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
  • People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors
25 - 59 years
  • Advice on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others;-
  • Proper hand hygiene
  • Proper food hygiene including proper cooking / heating
  • Use clean safe water for drinking
  • Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
  • Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant
  • Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;
  • Men who have sex with men
  • People who use illegal drugs
  • People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
  • People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors
60+ years
  • Advice on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through;
  • Proper hand hygiene
  • Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/ heating
  • Use clean safe water for drinking
  • Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
  • Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant
  • Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;
  • Men who have sex with men
  • People who use illegal drugs
  • People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
  • People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors
 
Condition: Hepatitis E
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
  • Maintaining individual hygiene practices
  • Consumption of clean safe water
  • Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
  • Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation
< 5 years
  • Guidance/education to parents/families on proper hygiene practices including: - Consumption of clean safe water - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
  • Maintaining individual hygiene practices
  • Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
  • Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation
5 - 11 years
  • Maintaining individual hygiene practices
  • Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces - Consumption of clean safe water
  • Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
  • Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation
12 - 24 years
  • Guidance/education on - proper hygiene practices including - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
  • Maintaining individual hygiene practices
  • Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
  • Consumption of clean safe water
  • Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation.
25 - 59 years
  • Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including:
  • Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
  • Consumption of clean safe water
  • Maintaining individual hygiene practices
  • Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
  • Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation
60+ years
  • Guidance/education; - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces - proper hygiene practices including:
  • Maintaining individual hygiene practices
  • Consumption of clean safe water
  • Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
  • Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation
 
Condition: Diabetes mellitus
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Advice/guidance to pregnant women on maintaining healthy diet
  • Guidance on a regular exercise routine
  • Guidance on maintaining healthy body weight/guidance on weight loss
  • Screening for diabetes
< 5 years
  • Interventions to prevent complications for type 1 diabetes including.
  • Helping the child maintain good blood sugar control
  • Teaching the child the importance of eating a healthy diet and participating in regular physical activity
  • Scheduling regular check-ups for the child with the health workers-including eye check up
5 - 11 years

Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications

12 - 24 years
  • Advice/guidance on Physical activity/exercises for weight control
  • Advice on achieving maintaining a healthy body weight
  • Advice on eating healthy diets, e.g. avoiding sugar and saturated fats
  • Advice on avoidance of tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
  • Screening for diabetes
25 - 59 years
  • Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use
  • Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels in high risk patients
  • Diabetes-related foot examination
60+ years
  • Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use
  • Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels in high risk patients
  • Diabetes-related foot examination
 
Condition: Rabies
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Referral to hospitals for Pre-exposure immunization for women in high-risk occupations such as; laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses,elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
  • Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
  • Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Advice and Referral to hospital for Immunization consideration for children living in, high rabies exposure risk areas ( As they play with animals, they may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites.)
  • Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
  • Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments
12 - 24 years
  • Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adolescents in high-risk activities such as direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
  • Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly.
  • Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments
25 - 59 years
  • Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adults in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses, and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
  • Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
  • Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments.
60+ years
  • Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for elderly in high-risk occupations such as laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
  • Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
  • Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments
 
Condition: Yellow Fever
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • vaccination with yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women during yellow fever out breaks when the risk of infection is high
  • Recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
  • Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
  • Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
  • Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
  • Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments
< 5 years
  • Promote Vaccination of children for life-long protection against yellow fever disease through
  • Promote Routine infant immunization
  • Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
  • Promote vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
  • Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
  • Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
  • Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
  • Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
  • Guidance to children/parents on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
  • Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments
5 - 11 years
  • Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever and other routine on schedule vaccination
  • Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)
12 - 24 years
  • Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease
  • Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
  • Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
  • Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
  • Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
  • Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
  • Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
  • Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
  • Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments
25 - 59 years
  • Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever
  • Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)
60+ years
  • Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease for elderly after careful risk assessment
  • Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
  • Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
  • Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
  • Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR) >
  • Working with communities to Eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
  • Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities; human disease surveillance and testing
  • Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
  • Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
  • Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments
 
Condition: Acute Hepatitis C
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Primary prevention measures
  • Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Guidance to mothers on Safe sex practices
  • prevent exposure to blood during sex
  • Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
  • Screening, for hepatitis C infection
< 5 years
  • Primary prevention measures
  • Injection safety - safe and appropriate use of health care injections
  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
  • Screening for hepatitis C infection
5 - 11 years
  • Primary prevention , Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections, Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Screening for hepatitis C infection
  • Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
12 - 24 years

Primary prevention measures,Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections

  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Training of health personnel
  • Guidance on Safe sex practices-prevent exposure to blood during sex
  • Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to adolescents who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
  • Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
  • Screening for hepatitis C infection
25 - 59 years
  • Primary prevention measures
  • Training of health personnel on heaptitis C
  • Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to Adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
  • Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Education /Guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
  • Screening, for hepatitis C infection
60+ years
  • Primary prevention measures
  • Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Training of health personnelon hepatitis C
  • Guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
  • Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to elderly who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
  • Screening, for hepatitis C infection
  • Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
 
Condition: Leprosy
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
  • Early case detection through active case finding
  • Contact tracing
  • Surveillance for leprosy
  • Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
  • Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
  • Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies,strategies and activities
< 5 years
  • Guidance to parents/families to ensure the under 5s does not come into close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
  • Early case detection through active case finding
  • contact tracing.
  • Surveillance for leprosy
  • Recording and reporting ON leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
  • Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities
5 - 11 years
  • Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
  • Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy case
  • Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
  • Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
  • Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
  • Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
12 - 24 years
  • Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
  • Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
  • Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
  • Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
  • Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
  • Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
25 - 59 years
  • Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
  • Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
  • Early case detection through active case finding - Contact tracing
  • Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
  • Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
  • Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
60+ years
  • Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
  • Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
  • Early case detection through active case finding
  • Contact tracing
  • Surveillance for leprosy
  • Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
  • Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation
 
Condition: Ascariasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng;
  • Proper cleaning and cooking of food
  • proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women
< 5 years
  • Mass drug administration with albendazole
5 - 11 years
  • Mass drug administration with albendazole
12 - 24 years
  • Guidance to adolescents on proper cleaning and cooking of food
  • Guidance to adolescents on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Provide guidance on good nutrition for adolescents
25 - 59 years
  • Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng;Proper cleaning and cooking of food
  • proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults
60+ years
  • Guidance to the elderly and their families on primary prevention measures incluidng :

    • Proper cleaning and cooking of food
    • proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
    • Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
    • Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
    • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
    • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure guidance on good nutrition for the elderly
 
Condition: Tetanus
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Advice to mothers on Regular ANC attendance
  • Maternal Immunization againts Tetanus (Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination)
  • Clean delivery practices
  • Proper cord care during delivery
  • Proper wound care
  • Effective surveillance to identify areas/populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus and maternal tetanus
  • Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records
  • Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
  • Outreach activities in order to increase ANC and TT immunization coverage
< 5 years
  • Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes
  • Proper wound care for the under 5s
  • Effective surveillance to identify areas/populations at high risk of tetanus
  • Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring sy stem including immunization register,personal vaccination cards
  • Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
  • Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
5 - 11 years
  • Effective tetanus surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
  • Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records.
  • Outreach activities inorder to increase TT immunizaton
  • Post exposure TT vaccination
  • Booster Tetanus vaccination Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine /Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes
  • Proper wound care
  • School based health programs including TT vaccination
12 - 24 years
  • Booster Tetanus vaccination Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine /Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes - Proper wound care - Post exposure TT vaccination
  • School based health programs including TT vaccination
  • Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
  • Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
  • Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
  • Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
25 - 59 years
  • Post exposure vaccination for adults with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine
  • Proper wound care for adults
  • Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
  • Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
  • Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
  • Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
60+ years
  • Post exposure vaccination for elderly with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine
  • Proper wound care for the elderly
  • Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
  • Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
  • Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
  • Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
 
Condition: Trichuriasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance to pregnant women on proper cleaning and cooking of food
  • Teaching on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Teaching/advice on Avoidance consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Advice mothers on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Advice on Washing, peeling or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Advice on safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women
< 5 years
  • Guidance to parents on Proper cleaning and cooking of food for the under
  • Teaching children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices
  • Teaching children on avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Guidance to children on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Guidance to parents to Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure before giving children
  • Taking safety precautions for children like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Promoting good nutrition for children
5 - 11 years
  • Guidance to parents on proper cleaning and cooking of food for school age children
  • Guidance to school age children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Provide guidance on good nutrition for school age children
  • Mass deworming for all school-age children through school health programs
12 - 24 years
  • Health education for adolescents on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
  • Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human feaces
  • Health workers education on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents
25 - 59 years
  • Guidance for the adults on proper cleaning and cooking of food
  • Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Guidance on Avoidance consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults
60+ years
  • Guidance for the elderly on proper cleaning and cooking of food
  • Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
  • Guidance on Avoidance consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
  • Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
  • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
  • Provide guidance on good nutrition for the elderly
 
Condition: Birth asphyxia
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score
  • Training of all delivery staff in neonatal resuscitation
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Birth trauma
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score Complete examination of neonates for evidence of birth trauma
  • Confirm spontaneous movement of all limbs and exclude the presence of any head swelling or skull depression
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Iodine deficiency
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Exclusive breastfeeding
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Maternal conditions
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Provide antenatal services for all pregnant women
  • Ensure that antenatal clients receive all the required services for their gestational age at each visit
  • Provide postpartum family planning services
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Provide treatment for non-pregnant women who are found to have pre-existing medical conditions before becoming pregnant
25 - 59 years
  • Provide treatment for non-pregnant women who are found to have pre-existing medical conditions before becoming pregnant/pre-conceptual treatmnet/services
60+ years
 
Condition: Neonatal sepsis and infections
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Protein-energy malnutrition
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Preterm birth complications
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Education of pregnant women on dangers of alcohol, smoking and use of recreational drugs during pregnancy
  • Education of pregnant women and their families on birth preparation and complication readiness
  • Early establishment of gestational age in all pregnancies to hospital for further management
  • Referral of women in early stages of preterm labor to hospital for management and delivery
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Vitamin A deficiency
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Exclusive breastfeeding
< 5 years
  • Educate parents/ families on feeding of children through provision of practical examples using local foods with emphasis on Vitamin A rich foods Vitamin A supplementation for children under 5
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Education on nutritious and healthy eating
25 - 59 years
60+ years
  • Education on nutritious and healthy eating
 
Condition: Colon and rectum cancers
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Dietary counselling on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed food
60+ years
  • Dietary counselling on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed food
 
Condition: Larynx cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use
60+ years
  • Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use
  • Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
  • Referral of people with increasing hoarseness of voice to hospital for further assessment
 
Condition: Leukemia
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Liver Cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Referral of people with persistent dyspepsia to hospital for assessment
  • Referral of people with signs of liver disease to hospital for assessment
  • Referral of people with abdominal masses to hospital for assessment
  • Referral of people with weight loss to hospital for assessment
60+ years
  • Prompt treatment of chronic viral hepatitis
 
Condition: Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Not starting smoking, or to quitting smoke and avoiding second hand smoke
  • Referral of people with cough, chest pain or weight loss to hospital for further assessment
60+ years
  • Not starting smoking, or to quitting smoke and avoiding second hand smoke
  • Referral of people with cough, chest pain or weight loss to hospital for further assessment
 
Condition: Malignant skin melanoma
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Refer pregnant women with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Refer people with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment
60+ years
  • Refer people with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment
 
Condition: Nasopharynx cancer and other pharyngeal cancers
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms
  • Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
  • Referral of people with persistent ENT symptoms to hospital
60+ years
  • Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms
  • Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
  • Referral of people with persistent ENT symptoms to hospital
 
Condition: Oesophagus cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use
  • Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
  • Referral of people with difficulty swallowing to hospital for further assessment
60+ years
  • Guidance on health life style
 
Condition: Non-melanoma skin cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Refer people with skin lesions on non-healing skin ulcers to next level for assessment
60+ years
  • Refer people with skin lesions on non-healing skin ulcers to next level for assessment
 
Condition: Stomach cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori
60+ years
  • Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori
 
Condition: Breast cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) offered during all Primary Care visits
  • Breast Ultrasound scans for investigating pathologies picked up from Clinical Breast Examinations
25 - 59 years
  • Keep a healthy life style: healthy weight, physically active, no alcoholic drink or in moderation, no smoking, eat vegetables and fruits and breast feed
  • Guidance on self-observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms e.g., nipple discharge, skin change, pitting, breast mass
60+ years
 
Condition: Cervix uteri cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
  • safe sex practices (use of condom)
  • avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
  • Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods; abnormal discharge
  • HPV vaccination Routine cervical cancer screening
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
  • Absitence from sex for the aldolesents or safe sex practices (use of condom)
  • avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
  • Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods; abnormal discharge HPV vaccine
25 - 59 years
  • Safe sexual practice
  • Correct and consistent use of condoms
  • HPV vaccination at earlier age
  • Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions
60+ years
  • Safe sexual practice
  • Correct and consistent use of condoms
  • HPV vaccination at earlier age
  • Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions
 
Condition: Corpus uteri cancer
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Routine PAP Smears with referrals for hospital care of those with endometrial cells identified on smear
25 - 59 years
  • Routine Endometrial sampling
60+ years
 
Condition: African trypanosomiasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Malaria
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Schistosomiasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
  • Vector control
  • It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements.
< 5 years
  • Periodical deworming to eliminate infecting worms,
  • Health education to prevent re-infection,
  • Access to safe water, adequate sanitation and hygiene
  • Mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (ascariasis, hookworm, and trichuriasis)
  • Monitor adverse events during MDA
  • Counselling on to clean and disinfect commonly used surfaces
5 - 11 years
  • Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers,women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
  • Vector control
  • It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements.
12 - 24 years
  • Mass drug administration with praziquentel
25 - 59 years
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
  • Vector control
  • It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements
60+ years
  • Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
  • Vector control
  • It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements
 
Condition: Echinococcosis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Public education campaigns on prevention
    - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
    - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
    - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
    - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
    - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
    - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
    - Control stray dog populations
    - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
    - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
    - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
    - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
    - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
    - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
  • A programme
< 5 years
  • Public education campaigns on prevention
    - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
    - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
    - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
    - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
    - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
    - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
    - Control stray dog populations
    - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
    - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
    - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
    - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
    - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
    - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
  • A programme
5 - 11 years
  • Public education campaigns on prevention
    - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
    - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
    - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
    - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
    - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
    - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
    - Control stray dog populations
    - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
    - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
    - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
    - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
    - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
    - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
  • A programme
12 - 24 years
  • Public education campaigns on prevention
    - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
    - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
    - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
    - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
    - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
    - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
    - Control stray dog populations
    - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
    - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
    - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
    - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
    - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
    - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
  • A programme
25 - 59 years
60+ years
  • Public education campaigns on prevention
    - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
    - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
    - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
    - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
    - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
    - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
    - Control stray dog populations
    - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
    - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
    - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
    - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
    - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
    - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
  • A programme
 
Condition: Cysticercosis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Alzheimer disease and other dementias
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
  • Guidance and counselling on mental exercise including engagement in intellectual activities
 
Condition: Autism and Asperger syndrome
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
  • Monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care
  • Encourage child’s physical activity
  • Proper nutrition for child
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Asthma
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance on Avoidance of asthma triggers including:

  • indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander)

  • Outdoor allergens(such as pollens and moulds)

  • Avoidance of tobacco smoking/cessation of smoking

  • Avoidance of exposure to second hand smoke

  • Avoidance of other triggers such as cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise.

  • Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

  • Avoidance of Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

  • Weight control through proper diet and exercise

  • Having an elaborate plan for living with asthma and preventing asthma attacks

  • Taking medication as per prescription to prevent attack

  • Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia as flu and pneumonia can trigger flare ups

  • Effective Surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, and monitoring trends

< 5 years
  • Avoidance of aeroallergen
  • Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia
5 - 11 years
  • Avoidance of aeroallergen
  • Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia
12 - 24 years
  • Avoidance of aeroallergen
  • Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Vaccination: influenza
  • Vaccination: pneumonia
  • Vaccination: COVID
25 - 59 years
  • Avoidance of aeroallergen
  • Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Vaccination: influenza
  • Vaccination: pneumonia
60+ years
  • Avoidance of indoor, outdoor asthma triggers and smoking
  • Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
  • Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia to prevent trigger flare ups
 
Condition: Conduct disorder
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Guidance to school age children,their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
  • Guidance to school children on Avoidance of substance abuse
  • Advice to parents/families/schools on prevention of childhood abuse,
  • Encourage parents/schools to avoid inconsistent discipline to the children
  • Guidance to school age children on moral awareness
  • Guidance to school children on social interactions with peers
12 - 24 years
  • Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
  • Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse
  • Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents
  • Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness
  • Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Eating disorders
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Early identification and management of eating disorder among mothers
  • Education/guidance to mothers on effective ways of coping with emotions
  • Education and guidance to mothers on healthy exercises
  • Guidance to mother on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
  • Early identification of eating disorder among children
  • Guidance/advice to children and their families on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
  • Guidance to children/parents/families on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
  • Education to children on effective ways of coping with emotions
  • Education and guidance to children on healthy physical exercises
  • Guidance to children on coping with peer pressure
12 - 24 years
  • Early identification and treatment of an eating disorder among adolescents
  • Education to adolescents on effective ways of coping with emotions
  • Education and guidance to adolescents on health exercises
  • Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure
  • Guidance/advice to adolescents and their family on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
  • Guidance to adolescents on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
25 - 59 years
  • Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adults
  • Education to adults on effective ways of coping with emotions
  • Education and guidance to adults on health exercises
  • Guidance to adults on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
60+ years
  • Early identification and treatment of an eating disorder among the elderly
  • Education to elderly on effective ways of coping with emotions
  • Education and guidance to elderly on health exercises
  • Guidance to elderly on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
 
Condition: COVID-19
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Conduct routine and mass Vaccination for protection against diseases through.
  • Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of proof of vaccination for PHEICs in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR),
  • Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
  • Surveillance
  • Screening incoming and out-going travelers for COVID -19 ( a public health emergencies of international concern)
  • Proper Infection Prevention measures (IPC)
  • Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) eg personal medical masks,gown,gloves, eye protection
  • Provision of points of entry isolation of ill travelers (including Port Health)
  • Quarantine at health centers
  • Isolation of COVID-19 patients.
  • Recording and reporting COVID-19 to health departments
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Periodontal disease
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing; flossing
  • Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including on the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
  • Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
  • Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
  • Encourage patients to modify other lifestyle factors that may impact on their oral health.
  • Dental prophylaxis during pregnancy
  • Screening pregnant women for periodontal disease at every routine examination.
< 5 years
  • Guidance to under 5s and their parents/families on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing for the child
  • Guidance to parents on their role in improving periodontal health of the under 5s
  • Information and guidance to parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
  • Advice on frequent dental visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy for the under 5s
  • Screen under 5s for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.
5 - 11 years
  • Guidance to school age child on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
  • Guidance to the school age child on their role in improving periodontal health.
  • Information and guidance to the school age child /to their parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
  • Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
  • Screen school children for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.
12 - 24 years
  • Guidance to adolescents on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
  • Guidance to the adolescents on their role in improving periodontal health.
  • Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
  • Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
  • Information and guidance to the adolescents on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
  • Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
  • Screen adolescents for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.
25 - 59 years
  • Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing
  • Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health.
  • Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation .
  • Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
  • Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
  • Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
  • Screen adults for periodontal diseases at every routine examination
60+ years
  • Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing
  • Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health.
  • Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
  • Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
  • Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
  • Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
  • Screen elderly persons for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.
 
Condition: Trachoma
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
  • Preventive chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM) (starting from age 2) Primary prevention through
  • screening communities for the presence of trachoma in children 1-9 years of age. (when over 10 % are found to have clinical disease the entire community is treated with antibiotics)
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Onchocerciasis
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • ground larviciding using environmentally safe insecticides
  • vector control using mainly the spraying of insecticides against blackfly (genus Simulium) larvae Primary Prevention through . Annual preventive chemotherapy with single dose of Ivermectin.
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Eye Conditions
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Otitis media
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Attention deficit/hyperactivity syndrome
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
  • Physical exercise for the children
  • Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
  • Awareness care on on prevention measures including:
  • Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
5 - 11 years
  • Awareness caretion on prevention measures including:
  • Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
  • Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
  • Physical exercise for the school children
12 - 24 years
  • Awareness caretion on prevention measures including:
  • Reduction of exposure to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
  • Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
  • Physical exercise for the adolescents
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Epilepsy
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
 
Condition: Migraine
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including;
  • irregular or skipped meals
  • irregular or too little sleep
  • a stressful lifestyle
  • excessive caffeine consumption
  • lack of exercise
  • obesity
  • Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
  • self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
  • managing migraine triggers effectively
  • pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
  • maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
  • practicing relaxation techniques
  • maintaining good sleep hygiene
  • developing stress management skills
  • improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others
< 5 years
  • Advice to parents on lifestyle factors that the child need to avoid or the migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including,
  • Irregular or skipped meals,
  • Irregular or too little sleep,
  • A stressful lifestyle,
  • lack of exercise
  • obesity
  • Encourage parents of the under 5 patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ management principles including;
  • Monitoring the child to identify factors influencing migraine
  • Managing migraine triggers effectively
  • Pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
  • Ensure the child has a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
  • Ensure the child relaxes enough
  • Ensure the child has good sleep hygiene
  • Help the child to develop stress management skills
  • Using acute and prophylactic medication on the child appropriately
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
  • Lifestyle modifications
  • Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers
  • Healthy coping mechanisms
25 - 59 years
60+ years
  • Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including,
  • irregular or skipped meals,
  • irregular or too little sleep,
  • a stressful lifestyle,
  • excessive caffeine consumption,
  • lack of exercise,
  • obesity
  • Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
  • self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
  • managing migraine triggers effectively
  • pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
  • maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
  • practicing relaxation techniques
  • maintaining good sleep hygiene
  • developing stress management skills
  • improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others
 
Condition: Edentulism
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
60+ years
  • Guidance on primary prevention measures
  • Appropriate diet and good nutriton
  • Practicing good oral hygiene
  • Avoidance of tobacco smoking
  • Advice on seeking treatment early for other dental conditions that lead to edentulism including dental caries, periodontal diseases, trauma and oral cancer.
  • Avoidance of lifestyle behavior that affects general health such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption and poor dietary choices which are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease, dental caries which lead to edentulism.
  • Outreach services to the community including essential oral health care
 
Condition: Parkinson disease
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
< 5 years
5 - 11 years
12 - 24 years
25 - 59 years
  • Encourage elderly persons to Exercise regularly to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease
  • Advice on other preventive measures such as Avoidance of exposure to pesticides and herbicides
  • Use of vitamins such as Vitamin C and E
  • Identification of at-risk patients
  • Encourage /Advice on adherence to medication
  • Monitoring for any complications arising including difficulties in swallowing; urine incontinence; breathing complications
  • Stabilize patient in case on any complications e.g.patient with difficulties in breathing before referral to a hospital
  • Referral for a patient with parkinsonism to a hospital for further management
60+ years
  • Guidance and counselling on promotion of healthy behaviour (exercise and diet)
 
Condition: Hookworm disease
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Advice to pregnant women on use of safe Drinking water
  • Advice to pregnant women on Properly cleaning and cooking food
  • Guidance to pregnant women on practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
  • Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
  • Guidance on proper human waste
< 5 years
  • Deworming and iron supplementation
5 - 11 years
  • Deworming and iron supplementation
12 - 24 years
  • Advice to adolescents on use of safe Drinking water
  • Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
  • Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
  • Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
  • Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste
25 - 59 years
  • Advice to adults on use of safe Drinking water
  • Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
  • Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
  • Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
  • Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste
60+ years
  • Advice to elderly on use of safe Drinking water
  • Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
  • Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
  • Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
  • Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste
 
Condition: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)
Community Level Primary Care Referral Facility: General Referral Facility: Specialist
Pregnancy and newborn
  • Good hygiene practices including hand washing
  • Avoidance of smoking and secondary exposure to smoke
  • Avoidance of air pollutants
  • Full immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations
< 5 years