Disease Prevention Interventions

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts Vaccination: meningococcal"

• Post exposure prophylaxis for elderly persons in close contacts with someone with N.meningitidis
• Chemo prophylaxis for elderly persons living in a household with one or more unvaccinated children younger than 48 months.

• Vaccination of pregnant women/One Tdap vaccine during the third trimester of every pregnancy

• Pertussis-containing vaccination
• Chemoprophylaxis to contacts
• Vitamin A supplementation

• Pertussis-containing vaccination
• Chemoprophylaxis to contacts
• Vitamin A supplementation

• Vaccination-One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine
• Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts

• Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene
• Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
• Cough and sneezing etiquette
• Community Reporting systems on whopping cough

• Vaccination
• One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine
• Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts
• Practicing proper hygiene including hand hygiene
• Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
• Cough and sneezing etiquette
• Community Reporting systems on whopping cough

• Vaccination

• Tdap

• Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• Childhood vaccinations against diseases -measles, mumps, rubella
• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)Parasites such as Ticks control

• Vectors mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• ANC services
• Post-natal care services
• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts
• Isolation for the mothers with measles to contain the spread

• Routine on schedule vaccination
• Vitamin A supplementation

• Routine on schedule vaccination
• Vitamin A supplementation

• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts
• Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread

• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts
• Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread

• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts
• Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
• Investigation of victims of sexual abuse for Trichomoniasis
• Examination and investigation of girls with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of women with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• BCG vaccination at birth
• HIV counselling and Testing for all Pregnant women
• Pregnant women to avoid contact with people with persistent cough
• Investigate pregnant women with persistent cough for TB

• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers
• TB preventive therapy

• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Safe blood transfusion
• Early syphilis screening and treatment of women

• Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abusGirls with evidence of sexual abuse should be screened for sexually transmitted infections
• Test is non-reactiveGirls with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
• Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until

• Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
• Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
• Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
• Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
• Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
• Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms Vaccination: human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination: hepatitis B

• Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors

• Conduct Clinical examination of reproductive system
• Examination and investigation of adolescents STI symptoms
• Conduct follow up to high-risk groups, such as youths and commercial sex workers and prisoners
• Awareness and sensitization about HTS
• Assess further complications and manage conditions
• Introduce mechanism on a regular check-up and follow up mechanism
• Training health workers on complex complications of STI

Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote correct and consistent use of condoms Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors

• Examination and investigation of men and women for STI symptoms

• Counseling and Testing for HIV of pregnant women Administration of antiretroviral drugs to babies born to HIV positive mothers
• Avoid breastfeeding of babies of HIV positive mothers if feasible
• Avoid mixed feeding of babies of HIV positive mothers
• Perform PCR test of babies of HIV positive mothers between birth and six weeks

• Primary prevention of HIV in adolescents and women of child bearing ages
• Screen pregnant women for HIV
• Contraceptives
• ARV for HIV positive pregnant women
• ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant

• Screen pregnant women for HIV
• ARV for HIV positive pregnant women
• ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant
• Contraceptives

• Provider-initiated HIV testing
• Screening blood for HIV
• Oral PrEP
• Dapivirine vaginal ring
• Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Treatment of STIs
• Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
• Substance abuse treatment
• Needle exchange program

• Provider-initiated HIV testing
• Screening blood for HIV
• Oral PrEP
• Dapivirine vaginal ring
• Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Treatment of STIs
• Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
• Substance abuse treatment
• Needle exchange program

• HIV Testing including HIV self-test
• Oral PrEP
• Injectable PrEP
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Screening high risk groups for STI and HIV
• Early treatment of STIs

• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections or drops to asymptomatic babies of mothers with confirmed Gonorrhea 1% silver nitrate drops, 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline ointments
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
• Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovirTreatment of sex partners

• Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Implementation of exclusive breastfeeding policies
• Adoption of Baby Friendly Initiative to promote exclusive breastfeeding
• Immunization for newborns
• Early initiation of breastfeeding

• Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
• Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Screening of high risk adult women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of adult women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of adult men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Examination and investigation of elderly women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of elderly men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Primary prevention

• Diagnosis
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics

• Primary prevention

• Diagnosis
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics

• Primary prevention

• Diagnosis
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics

• Primary prevention

• Diagnosis
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics

• Vaccination with Tdap during routine wellness visits to women and girls of childbearing age
• Provide ANC services for women including health education on diptheria
• Provide Post-natal care services

• Routine vaccination for diphtheria according to the national schedule

• (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)

• Defaulter tracing for children who are not fully immunized
• Outreach services to the communities
• Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria
• Contact tracing for under 5s who have been in contact with persons infected with diphtheria
• Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated under 5s
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for under 5s who have been in close contact with some with diphtheria
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms

• Routine vaccination (booster vaccination) for diphtheria according to the national schedule
• Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria

• (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)

• Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friend, Health care workers
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
• Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
• Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms

• Routine vaccination (booster vaccination) for diphtheria according to the national schedule
• Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria

• (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)

• Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
• Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms

• Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria
• Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
• Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin/erythromycin) for close contacts
• Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms

• Information/education on transmission and prevention of diphtheria
• Creation of awareness on importance on immunization
• Education on proper nutrition for elderly
• Creation of awareness on good hygiene practices
• Provision of IEC materials
• Training/sensitizing health workforce on diphtheria and its management

• Hepatitis B Vaccination for the pregnant women
• Prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B through; anti-retroviral prophylaxis
• Integration of hepatitis B testing and treatment of eligible pregnant women with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis with antenatal care service. ‘Triple elimination approach
• Routine Screening for Hepatitis B for the pregnant women
• Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn within 24 hours of birth
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes

• Hepatitis B Vaccination for those not vaccinated at birth
• Screening for Hepatitis B for those at risk ; those living with someone who has hepatitis B
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,-
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes

• Universal precaution
• Hepatitis B Screening for high risk persons
• Hepatitis B vaccination
• Safe blood donation
• Safe injection practices
• Eliminate unnecessary injections
• Avoiding re-use of needles and syringes

• Universal precaution
• Hepatitis B Screening for high risk persons
• Hepatitis B vaccination
• Safe blood donation
• Safe injection practices
• Eliminate unnecessary injections

• Hepatitis B screening and Vaccination for elderly at risk including People who frequently require blood or blood products - Dialysis patients - Recipients of solid organ transplantation - People in prisons - People who inject drugs - Household and sexual contacts of people with chronic HBV infection, - Elderly with multiple sexual partners, Healthcare workers and others who may be exposed to blood and blood products through their work - Travelers who have not completed their HBV series, who should be offered the vaccine before leaving for endemic areas
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes.

• Advice on Observation of personal hygiene practices such as regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
• Advice on proper disposal of human waste within communities
• Advice mothers on Proper food hygiene including - proper cooking/heatingAdvice mothers on Use clean safe water for drinking
• Advice mothers on Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Advice mothers on Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant

• Education/sensitization to families on Strict personal and hand hygiene
• Hepatitis A Vaccine for children older than 1 year especially children who live in communities where the number of HAV infections is unusually high or where there are periodic outbreaks of hepatitis A.

• School health programs
• Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through advice and sensitization.
• Proper hand hygiene
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infection
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant

• Advice on on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others
• Proper hand hygiene
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;-
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use illegal drugs
• People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
• People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors

• Advice on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others;-
• Proper hand hygiene
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking / heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant
• Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use illegal drugs
• People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
• People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors

• Advice on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through;
• Proper hand hygiene
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/ heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant
• Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use illegal drugs
• People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
• People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors

• Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Guidance/education to parents/families on proper hygiene practices including: - Consumption of clean safe water - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces - Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Guidance/education on - proper hygiene practices including - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation.

• Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including:
• Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Guidance/education; - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces - proper hygiene practices including:
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Advice/guidance to pregnant women on maintaining healthy diet
• Guidance on a regular exercise routine
• Guidance on maintaining healthy body weight/guidance on weight loss
• Screening for diabetes

• Interventions to prevent complications for type 1 diabetes including.
• Helping the child maintain good blood sugar control
• Teaching the child the importance of eating a healthy diet and participating in regular physical activity
• Scheduling regular check-ups for the child with the health workers-including eye check up

Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications

• Advice/guidance on Physical activity/exercises for weight control
• Advice on achieving maintaining a healthy body weight
• Advice on eating healthy diets, e.g. avoiding sugar and saturated fats
• Advice on avoidance of tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
• Screening for diabetes

• Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use
• Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels in high risk patients
• Diabetes-related foot examination

• Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use
• Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels in high risk patients
• Diabetes-related foot examination

• Referral to hospitals for Pre-exposure immunization for women in high-risk occupations such as; laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses,elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Advice and Referral to hospital for Immunization consideration for children living in, high rabies exposure risk areas ( As they play with animals, they may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites.)
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adolescents in high-risk activities such as direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly.
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adults in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses, and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments.

• Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for elderly in high-risk occupations such as laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments

• vaccination with yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women during yellow fever out breaks when the risk of infection is high
• Recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Promote Vaccination of children for life-long protection against yellow fever disease through
• Promote Routine infant immunization
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Promote vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Guidance to children/parents on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever and other routine on schedule vaccination
• Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)

• Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever
• Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)

• Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease for elderly after careful risk assessment
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR) >
• Working with communities to Eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities; human disease surveillance and testing
• Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Primary prevention measures
• Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Guidance to mothers on Safe sex practices
• prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening, for hepatitis C infection

• Primary prevention measures
• Injection safety - safe and appropriate use of health care injections

• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste

• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening for hepatitis C infection

• Primary prevention , Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections, Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Screening for hepatitis C infection
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver

Primary prevention measures,Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections

• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Training of health personnel
• Guidance on Safe sex practices-prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to adolescents who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening for hepatitis C infection

• Primary prevention measures
• Training of health personnel on heaptitis C
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to Adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Education /Guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Screening, for hepatitis C infection

• Primary prevention measures
• Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Training of health personnelon hepatitis C
• Guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to elderly who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Screening, for hepatitis C infection
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver

• Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding
• Contact tracing
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies,strategies and activities

• Guidance to parents/families to ensure the under 5s does not come into close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding
• contact tracing.
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Recording and reporting ON leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities

• Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy case
• Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
• Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)

• Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
• Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
• Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)

• Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
• Early case detection through active case finding - Contact tracing
• Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)

• Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
• Early case detection through active case finding
• Contact tracing
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation

• Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng;
• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Mass drug administration with albendazole

• Mass drug administration with albendazole

• Guidance to adolescents on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Guidance to adolescents on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for adolescents

• Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng;Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults

• Guidance to the elderly and their families on primary prevention measures incluidng :

• • Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• • proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• • Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• • Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure guidance on good nutrition for the elderly

• Advice to mothers on Regular ANC attendance
• Maternal Immunization againts Tetanus (Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination)
• Clean delivery practices
• Proper cord care during delivery
• Proper wound care
• Effective surveillance to identify areas/populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus and maternal tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
• Outreach activities in order to increase ANC and TT immunization coverage

• Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes
• Proper wound care for the under 5s
• Effective surveillance to identify areas/populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring sy stem including immunization register,personal vaccination cards
• Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting

• Effective tetanus surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records.
• Outreach activities inorder to increase TT immunizaton
• Post exposure TT vaccination
• Booster Tetanus vaccination Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine /Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes
• Proper wound care
• School based health programs including TT vaccination

• Booster Tetanus vaccination Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine /Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes - Proper wound care - Post exposure TT vaccination
• School based health programs including TT vaccination
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
• Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage

• Post exposure vaccination for adults with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine
• Proper wound care for adults
• Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting

• Post exposure vaccination for elderly with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine
• Proper wound care for the elderly
• Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting

• Guidance to pregnant women on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Teaching on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Teaching/advice on Avoidance consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Advice mothers on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Advice on Washing, peeling or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Advice on safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Guidance to parents on Proper cleaning and cooking of food for the under
• Teaching children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices
• Teaching children on avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Guidance to children on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Guidance to parents to Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure before giving children
• Taking safety precautions for children like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for children

• Guidance to parents on proper cleaning and cooking of food for school age children
• Guidance to school age children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for school age children
• Mass deworming for all school-age children through school health programs

• Health education for adolescents on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human feaces
• Health workers education on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Guidance for the adults on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults

• Guidance for the elderly on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for the elderly

• Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score
• Training of all delivery staff in neonatal resuscitation

• Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score Complete examination of neonates for evidence of birth trauma
• Confirm spontaneous movement of all limbs and exclude the presence of any head swelling or skull depression

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Provide antenatal services for all pregnant women
• Ensure that antenatal clients receive all the required services for their gestational age at each visit
• Provide postpartum family planning services

• Provide treatment for non-pregnant women who are found to have pre-existing medical conditions before becoming pregnant

• Provide treatment for non-pregnant women who are found to have pre-existing medical conditions before becoming pregnant/pre-conceptual treatmnet/services

• Education of pregnant women on dangers of alcohol, smoking and use of recreational drugs during pregnancy
• Education of pregnant women and their families on birth preparation and complication readiness
• Early establishment of gestational age in all pregnancies to hospital for further management
• Referral of women in early stages of preterm labor to hospital for management and delivery

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Educate parents/ families on feeding of children through provision of practical examples using local foods with emphasis on Vitamin A rich foods Vitamin A supplementation for children under 5

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Dietary counselling on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed food

• Dietary counselling on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed food

• Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use

• Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use
• Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
• Referral of people with increasing hoarseness of voice to hospital for further assessment

• Referral of people with persistent dyspepsia to hospital for assessment
• Referral of people with signs of liver disease to hospital for assessment
• Referral of people with abdominal masses to hospital for assessment
• Referral of people with weight loss to hospital for assessment

• Prompt treatment of chronic viral hepatitis

• Not starting smoking, or to quitting smoke and avoiding second hand smoke
• Referral of people with cough, chest pain or weight loss to hospital for further assessment

• Not starting smoking, or to quitting smoke and avoiding second hand smoke
• Referral of people with cough, chest pain or weight loss to hospital for further assessment

• Refer pregnant women with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment

• Refer people with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment

• Refer people with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment

• Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms
• Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
• Referral of people with persistent ENT symptoms to hospital

• Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms
• Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
• Referral of people with persistent ENT symptoms to hospital

• Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use
• Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination
• Referral of people with difficulty swallowing to hospital for further assessment

• Guidance on health life style

• Refer people with skin lesions on non-healing skin ulcers to next level for assessment

• Refer people with skin lesions on non-healing skin ulcers to next level for assessment

• Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori

• Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori

• Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) offered during all Primary Care visits
• Breast Ultrasound scans for investigating pathologies picked up from Clinical Breast Examinations

• Keep a healthy life style: healthy weight, physically active, no alcoholic drink or in moderation, no smoking, eat vegetables and fruits and breast feed
• Guidance on self-observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms e.g., nipple discharge, skin change, pitting, breast mass

• Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
• safe sex practices (use of condom)
• avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
• Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods; abnormal discharge
• HPV vaccination Routine cervical cancer screening

• Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
• Absitence from sex for the aldolesents or safe sex practices (use of condom)
• avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
• Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods; abnormal discharge HPV vaccine

• Safe sexual practice
• Correct and consistent use of condoms
• HPV vaccination at earlier age
• Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions

• Safe sexual practice
• Correct and consistent use of condoms
• HPV vaccination at earlier age
• Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions

• Routine PAP Smears with referrals for hospital care of those with endometrial cells identified on smear

• Routine Endometrial sampling

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
• Vector control

• It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements.

• Periodical deworming to eliminate infecting worms,
• Health education to prevent re-infection,
• Access to safe water, adequate sanitation and hygiene
• Mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (ascariasis, hookworm, and trichuriasis)
• Monitor adverse events during MDA
• Counselling on to clean and disinfect commonly used surfaces

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers,women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
• Vector control

• It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements.

• Mass drug administration with praziquentel

• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
• Vector control

• It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
• Vector control

• It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Guidance and counselling on mental exercise including engagement in intellectual activities

• Monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care
• Encourage child’s physical activity
• Proper nutrition for child

• Guidance on Avoidance of asthma triggers including:

• indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander)

• Outdoor allergens(such as pollens and moulds)

• Avoidance of tobacco smoking/cessation of smoking

• Avoidance of exposure to second hand smoke

• Avoidance of other triggers such as cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise.

• Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

• Avoidance of Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

• Weight control through proper diet and exercise

• Having an elaborate plan for living with asthma and preventing asthma attacks

• Taking medication as per prescription to prevent attack

• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia as flu and pneumonia can trigger flare ups

• Effective Surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, and monitoring trends

• Avoidance of aeroallergen
• Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia

• Avoidance of aeroallergen
• Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia

• Avoidance of aeroallergen
• Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
• Vaccination: influenza
• Vaccination: pneumonia
• Vaccination: COVID

• Avoidance of aeroallergen
• Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
• Vaccination: influenza
• Vaccination: pneumonia

• Avoidance of indoor, outdoor asthma triggers and smoking
• Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia to prevent trigger flare ups

• Guidance to school age children,their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
• Guidance to school children on Avoidance of substance abuse
• Advice to parents/families/schools on prevention of childhood abuse,
• Encourage parents/schools to avoid inconsistent discipline to the children
• Guidance to school age children on moral awareness
• Guidance to school children on social interactions with peers

• Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
• Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse
• Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents
• Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness
• Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers

• Early identification and management of eating disorder among mothers
• Education/guidance to mothers on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to mothers on healthy exercises
• Guidance to mother on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating

• Early identification of eating disorder among children
• Guidance/advice to children and their families on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
• Guidance to children/parents/families on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
• Education to children on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to children on healthy physical exercises
• Guidance to children on coping with peer pressure

• Early identification and treatment of an eating disorder among adolescents
• Education to adolescents on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to adolescents on health exercises
• Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure
• Guidance/advice to adolescents and their family on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
• Guidance to adolescents on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image

• Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adults
• Education to adults on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to adults on health exercises
• Guidance to adults on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image

• Early identification and treatment of an eating disorder among the elderly
• Education to elderly on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to elderly on health exercises
• Guidance to elderly on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image

• Conduct routine and mass Vaccination for protection against diseases through.
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of proof of vaccination for PHEICs in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR),
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Surveillance
• Screening incoming and out-going travelers for COVID -19 ( a public health emergencies of international concern)
• Proper Infection Prevention measures (IPC)
• Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) eg personal medical masks,gown,gloves, eye protection
• Provision of points of entry isolation of ill travelers (including Port Health)
• Quarantine at health centers
• Isolation of COVID-19 patients.
• Recording and reporting COVID-19 to health departments

• Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing; flossing
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including on the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Encourage patients to modify other lifestyle factors that may impact on their oral health.
• Dental prophylaxis during pregnancy
• Screening pregnant women for periodontal disease at every routine examination.

• Guidance to under 5s and their parents/families on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing for the child
• Guidance to parents on their role in improving periodontal health of the under 5s
• Information and guidance to parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent dental visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy for the under 5s
• Screen under 5s for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Guidance to school age child on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance to the school age child on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Information and guidance to the school age child /to their parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen school children for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Guidance to adolescents on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance to the adolescents on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to the adolescents on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen adolescents for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing
• Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation .
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen adults for periodontal diseases at every routine examination

• Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing
• Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen elderly persons for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM) (starting from age 2) Primary prevention through
• screening communities for the presence of trachoma in children 1-9 years of age. (when over 10 % are found to have clinical disease the entire community is treated with antibiotics)

• ground larviciding using environmentally safe insecticides
• vector control using mainly the spraying of insecticides against blackfly (genus Simulium) larvae Primary Prevention through . Annual preventive chemotherapy with single dose of Ivermectin.

• Physical exercise for the children
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
• Awareness care on on prevention measures including:
• Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides

• Awareness caretion on prevention measures including:
• Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
• Physical exercise for the school children

• Awareness caretion on prevention measures including:
• Reduction of exposure to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
• Physical exercise for the adolescents

• Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including;
• irregular or skipped meals
• irregular or too little sleep
• a stressful lifestyle
• excessive caffeine consumption
• lack of exercise
• obesity
• Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
• self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
• managing migraine triggers effectively
• pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• practicing relaxation techniques
• maintaining good sleep hygiene
• developing stress management skills
• improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others

• Advice to parents on lifestyle factors that the child need to avoid or the migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including,
• Irregular or skipped meals,
• Irregular or too little sleep,
• A stressful lifestyle,
• lack of exercise
• obesity
• Encourage parents of the under 5 patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ management principles including;
• Monitoring the child to identify factors influencing migraine
• Managing migraine triggers effectively
• Pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• Ensure the child has a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• Ensure the child relaxes enough
• Ensure the child has good sleep hygiene
• Help the child to develop stress management skills
• Using acute and prophylactic medication on the child appropriately

• Lifestyle modifications
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers
• Healthy coping mechanisms

• Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including,
• irregular or skipped meals,
• irregular or too little sleep,
• a stressful lifestyle,
• excessive caffeine consumption,
• lack of exercise,
• obesity
• Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
• self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
• managing migraine triggers effectively
• pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• practicing relaxation techniques
• maintaining good sleep hygiene
• developing stress management skills
• improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others

• Guidance on primary prevention measures
• Appropriate diet and good nutriton
• Practicing good oral hygiene
• Avoidance of tobacco smoking
• Advice on seeking treatment early for other dental conditions that lead to edentulism including dental caries, periodontal diseases, trauma and oral cancer.
• Avoidance of lifestyle behavior that affects general health such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption and poor dietary choices which are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease, dental caries which lead to edentulism.
• Outreach services to the community including essential oral health care

• Encourage elderly persons to Exercise regularly to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease
• Advice on other preventive measures such as Avoidance of exposure to pesticides and herbicides
• Use of vitamins such as Vitamin C and E
• Identification of at-risk patients
• Encourage /Advice on adherence to medication
• Monitoring for any complications arising including difficulties in swallowing; urine incontinence; breathing complications
• Stabilize patient in case on any complications e.g.patient with difficulties in breathing before referral to a hospital
• Referral for a patient with parkinsonism to a hospital for further management

• Guidance and counselling on promotion of healthy behaviour (exercise and diet)

• Advice to pregnant women on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice to pregnant women on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Guidance to pregnant women on practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance on proper human waste

• Deworming and iron supplementation

• Deworming and iron supplementation

• Advice to adolescents on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
• Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste

• Advice to adults on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
• Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste

• Advice to elderly on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
• Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Avoidance of smoking and secondary exposure to smoke
• Avoidance of air pollutants
• Full immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Avoidance of smoking and secondary exposure to smoke
• Avoidance of air pollutants
• Full immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Immunizations

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID Secondary level

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors. Including
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use
• Daily low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention
• Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors

• Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use
• Daily low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention
• Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors

• Lifestyle changes to prevent high blood pressure/blood pressure control,
• Avoidance of Alcohol and drug use
• Physical activity
• Exercises
• Healthy nutrition
• Early diagnosis and management of High blood pressure
• Regular medical check ups

• Guidance on lifestyle modifications, healthier diet, quitting smoking and alcohol, exercise.
• Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors

• ANC attendance
• Cessation of smoking
• Stoppage/avoidance of alcohol to avoid increase in acid in the stomach
• Stress management
• Diet control—avoidance of spicy foods
• Hand hygiene to prevent infections
• Reduce intake of pain relivers or take medication with meals.

• Cessation of smoking
• Stoppage/avoidance of alcohol to avoid increase in acid in the stomach
• Stress management
• Diet control—avoidance of spicy foods
• Hand hygiene to prevent infections
• Reduce intake of pain relivers or take medication with meals.

• Cessation of smoking
• Stoppage/avoidance of alcohol to avoid increase in acid in the stomach
• Stress management
• Diet control—avoidance of spicy foods
• Hand hygiene to prevent infections
• Reduce intake of pain relivers or take medication with meals.

• Smoking cessation
• Healthy balance diet
• Exercises
• Use of Vitamin D.and low exposure to sunlight is associated with reduced risk of MS.
• Early diagnosis and management of pre-disposing conditions such as pernicious anemia, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease

• Early screening for dental caries
• Oral hygiene education
• Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing
• Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars
• Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs

• Oral hygiene education
• Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing
• Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars
• Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs
• Early screening for dental caries

• Oral hygiene education
• Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing
• Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars
• Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs
• Early screening for dental caries

• Oral hygiene education
• Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing
• Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars
• Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs
• Early screening for dental caries

• Oral hygiene education
• Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing
• Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars
• Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs
• Early screening for dental caries

• Oral hygiene education
• Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing
• Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars
• Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs
• Early screening for dental caries

• Provide ANC services for women with RHD
• Guidance on Proper nutrition for women with AHD
• Guidance on healthy hygiene practice for the pregnant women
• Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the under 5s
• Advice on Adherence to antibiotics medication including completion of doses as prescribed

• Guidance to parents/families/children on healthy hygiene practice for the under 5s
• Advice to parents/families on the need for seeking treatment early for any child with sore throat or any signs of infection such as fever
• Promoting good nutrition for children
• Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the under 5s
• Advice to parents on the need to ensure Adherence to antibiotics medication for the under 5
• Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to reduce the risk of Rheumatic fever and possible eventual progression to Rheumatic Heart disease

• Guidance to parents/families/children on healthy hygiene practice
• Advice to parents/families/school age child on the need for seeking treatment early for any child with sore throat or any signs of infection such as fever
• Promoting good nutrition for children
• Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the school age children
• Advice to school age children on the need to ensure Adherence to antibiotics medication
• Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to reduce the risk of Rheumatic fever and possible eventual progression to Rheumatic Heart disease

• Early recognition and treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis
• Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence

• Information to adults on healthy hygiene practices
• Promoting good nutrition for the adults
• Good oral hygiene practices
• Advice to adults on the need to ensure
• Adherence to antibiotics medication
• Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to
• Early identification and treatment of Rheumatic fever to reduce the likelihood of Rheumatic Heart disease

• Information to elderly on healthy hygiene practices
• Promoting good nutrition for the elderly
• Good oral hygiene practices
• Advice to elderly on the need to ensure
• Guidance on Adherence to antibiotics medication
• Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to
• Early identification and treatment of Rheumatic fever to reduce the likelihood of Rheumatic Heart disease

• Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the pregnant women
• Promote Good Hand hygiene practices
• Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking
• Vitamin supplementation
• Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection
• Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage

• Promote Breast feeding
• Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child
• Guidance on good Hand hygiene practices for parents/caregivers and the children
• Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking
• Vitamin supplementation
• Vaccination for the children -influenza, pneumococcal vaccines .
• Early treatment of URTI in children

• Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child
• Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children
• Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking
• Vitamin supplementation
• Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines
• Early treatment of URTI in school Age children

• Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adolescents
• Promote Good Hand hygiene practices
• Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking
• Vitamin supplementation
• Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection
• Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage

• Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adults
• Promote Good Hand hygiene practices
• Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking
• Vitamin supplementation
• Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection
• Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage

• Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the elderly persons
• Promote Good Hand hygiene practices
• Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking
• Vitamin supplementation
• Advice on the need to Seek treatment early for any upper respiratory tract infection
• Guidnace on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage

• Guidance on Living a healthy lifestyle including;
• Avoiding the use of alcohol
• Controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes
• Eating a healthy diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Getting enough sleep
• Reducing stress

• Guidance on Living a healthy lifestyle including;
• Avoiding the use of alcohol
• Controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes
• Eating a healthy diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Getting enough sleep
• Reducing stress

• Guidance and counselling on risk of smoking and second hand smoke
• Counselling support to quit smoking
• Vaccination: pneumonia and COVID
• Annual influenza vaccination

• Guidance and counselling on risk of smoking and second hand smoke
• Counselling support to quit smoking
• Vaccination: pneumonia, and COVID
• Annual influenza vaccination

• Antenatal education to pregnant women so that they are aware of the symptoms associated with pre-eclampsia,
• Advice to pregnant women to seek medical advice if they experience symptoms such as severe headache: blurred vision or flashing before the eyes, Vomiting, Sudden swelling of the face, hands or feet.
• Guidance on healthy eating i.e.eating balanced healthy diets –low fat and Low sodium intake
• Guidance on Physical activities and physical exercises
• Advice on the need for adequate rest-including adequate sleep
• Avoidance of smoking tobacco
• Cessation of alcohol use
• Maintaining a healthy body weight
• Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol levels
• Screening for high blood pressure,
• Screening for diabetes mellitus

• Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors

• Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors