WHO Regional Menu Of Essential Health Interventions

Condition: Meningitis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Create awareness on meningitis including prevention measures (IPC) Distribution of IEC materials	Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing Vaccination: meningococcal	Counselling on seeking early treatment for meningitis * Isolate individuals suspected with N. meningitis Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral	Physiotherapy services for adults with meningitis complications who may be referred back to communities from health facilities	Psychosocial support
Primary Care
Awareness campaign on causes, signs and symptoms of meningitis including prevention measures (IPC) Distribution of IEC materials Mobilisation for routine immunisation	Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts Vaccination: meningococcal"	History and physical examination for meningitis Clinical assessment for early recognition of the need for referral Basic laboratory tests
Referral Facility: General
Awareness campaign on causes, signs and symptoms of meningitis including prevention measures (IPC) Distribution of IEC materials	Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts Vaccination: meningococcal	History and physical examination for meningitis Clinical assessment for early recognition of the need for referral Basic laboratory tests Lumbar puncture Systemic antibiotics for bacterial meningitis	Rehabilitation and follow up of adults with complications as a result of meningitis Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills Hearing rehabilitation including provision of hearing aids Referral downwards to Primary care facilities for further or continued rehabilitation	Psycho social support for adults with meningitis and their family members Counseling for adults with meningitis especially those who develop complications
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on meningitis Create Awareness to adults on meningitis and prevention measures Guidance on Good nutrition for the adults Health workers training on meningitis & its management among the adults Guidance on hygiene practices for adults to prevent meningitis	Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts "Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal"	History and physical examination for meningitis Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Lumbar puncture Computed tomography (CT) scan Systemic antibiotics for bacterial meningitis	Rehabilitation and follow up of adults with complications as a result of meningitis Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills Hearing rehabilitation including provision of hearing aids Referral downwards to Primary care facilities for further or continued rehabilitation	Psycho social support for adults with meningitis and their family members Counseling for adults with meningitis especially those who develop complications spiritual support

Condition: Whooping Cough

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on whooping cough including prevention measures Create knowledge among family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule. Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose Strengthen community health workers knowledge on whooping cough	Vaccination One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene Cough and sneezing etiquette Community Reporting systems on whopping cough Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough	Recognition of features of whooping cough - which include: features of common cold:( i.e. Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Red, watery eyes, Fever), uncontrollable coughing) Vomiting A high-pitched "whoop" sound during breathing Home remedies staying hydrated resting using a mist vaporizer practicing proper hand hygiene eating frequent small meals to avoid vomiting avoiding coughing triggers, such as smoke, strong chemicals,allergens Monitoring for any worsening of the patient condition Referrals to health facilities
Primary Care
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on whooping cough including prevention measures Strengthen health workers knowledge on whooping cough Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose Guidance on hygiene for adults Guidance on good nutrition Create knowledge among family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule	Vaccination One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts Practicing proper hygiene including hand hygiene Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough Cough and sneezing etiquette Community Reporting systems on whopping cough	Clinical examination Administration of antibiotics Supportive management Monitor for any complications Referral to hospital for Management of any complications e.g rib fracture, syncope, abdominal hernia
Referral Facility: General
Awareness to Adults on whopping cough and prevention measures Guidance on hygiene practices Guidance on Good nutrition Health workers education on whooping cough and its management	Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts	Physical and Clinical examination Outpatient services Anti-microbial therapy Supportive management Management of any complications e.g rib fracture, syncope, abdominal hernia or other complications from the severe, chronic cough Hospitalization for patients at risk of severe pertussis/and complication Rweferral to specialised hospitals for further managemnet eg ICU services for severe illness Laboratory tests,B pertussis, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serologic testing and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing. Follow up	Rehabilitation services depending on complications. Physical rehabilitation	Psychosocial support Counseling for adults with complications due to whooping cough
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness to Adults on whopping cough and prevention measures Guidance on Good nutrition Guidance on hygiene practices Health workers education on whooping cough and its management	Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts	Physical and clinical examination Outapttient services Anti-microbial therapy Supportive management eg relieve of pain and /or fever Hospitalization for patients at risk of severe pertussis/and complications Laboratory tests,B pertussis, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serologic testing and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing. Management of any complications e.g rib fracture, syncope, abdominal hernia or other complications from the severe, chronic cough ICU services for severe illness follow up	Physical rehabilitation Rehabilitation services depending on complications.	Counseling for adults with complications due to whooping cough Psychosocial support

Condition: Encephalitis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Awareness creation on good nutrition Provision of IEC materials Awareness creation/education on animal handling and animal health e.g. dogs (rabies) Information provision to the communities on the importance of immunization for children Community health workers tarining on encehaplitis including on prevention measures	Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control	Recognition of features indicative of encephalitis including Fever, Aches in muscles,weakness,fits (Seizures),Muscle weakness, Supportive and symptomatic management for the elderly suspected to have encephalitis awaiting referral including: Encourage plenty of rest- Bed rest Provision of Plenty of fluids Use of Anti-inflammatory drugs - Management of fever-sponging, use of anti pyretics - Relieve pain/aches with pain medicines such as paracetamol Urgent Referral of a patient suspected to have enephalitis to the nearest health facility	Continued Rehabilitation at community level and follow up of patients referred backwards from the health facilities (those who may have had complications) Physical therapy to improve motor coordination Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills Community based rehabilitation Speech therapy	Psycho-social support for adults with encephalitis and their families Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills Spiritual support
Primary Care
Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures Information on the importance of immunization for children Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Awareness on good nutrition Provision of IEC materials Awareness /education on animal handling and animal health e.g. dogs (rabies) Training/sensitizing health workforce	Vectors mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control	Clinical examination Supportive and symptomatic management for encephalitis before urgent referral to hospital including: Bed rest Fluids therapy/Plenty of fluids Management of fever using anti pyretics Management if pain with analgesisc Suction to remove secretions Monitor for any danger signs e.g. lethargy; unconsciousness; convulsions Referral of a pesron suspected to have encephalitis to the nearest hospital	Rehabilitation and follow up of patients referred backwards from the Hospitals Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills Referal downwards to community level for further community based rehabilitatuon	Psycho-social support for adults with encephalitis and their families Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills Spiritual support*
Referral Facility: General
Creation of awareness to adults on encephalitis prevention measures Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Guidance on good nutrition for adults Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management	Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) ; Parasites such as Ticks control	Early recognition and treatment of encephalitis Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent, Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance, Intravenous fluids adminstration Anti-inflammatory drugs administration Administration of Anticonvulsant medications Admissions for persons with encephalitis Management of any complications Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension Prevention/Management of seizures Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure ICU services Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including: Blood and urine tests - lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture - Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens - Serologic tests for Toxoplasma Physical and clinical examination Imaging such as: - Imaging such as Computerized Tomography CT - MRI Computerized Tomography CT Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI	Follow-up therapy for complications of encephalitis Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and function - Speech therapy - Occupational therapy to develop every day skills Speech therapy Referral downwards to primary care facilities for rehabilitation	Psycho-social support for adults with encephalitis and their families Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
Referral Facility: Specialist
Creation of awareness to adults on encephalitis prevention measures Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Guidance on good nutrition for adults Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management	Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) ; Parasites such as Ticks control	Physical and clinical examination Early recognition and treatment of encephalitis Imaging such as: Computerized Tomography CT Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent, Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance, Intravenous fluids adminstration Anti-inflammatory drugs administration Administration of Anticonvulsant medications Admissions for persons with encephalitis Management of any complications Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension Prevention/Management of seizures Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure ICU services Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including: Blood and urine tests lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens Serologic tests for Toxoplasma	Follow-up therapy for complications of encephalitis Referral downwards to primary care facilities for rehabilitation Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and function Speech therapy Occupational therapy to develop every day skills	Psycho-social support for adults with encephalitis and their families Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills Spiritual support

Condition: Measles

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Families and community education on transmission and prevention of measles Education on proper nutrition for adults Health education on Proper sanitation Promoting proper planning especially in urban areas to avoid over-crowding Community health workers training on measles including prevention and recognition of measles in adults	Contact tracing Quarantine for contacts	Recognition of features of measles in adults including cold-like symptoms, such as;- a runny nose, sneezing and a cough Sore, red eyes that may be sensitive to light Fever Small greyish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks Watery eyes Swollen eyelids Body aches and pains Home based care Supportive management for adults with measles including;- Provision of plenty of fluids to the adults Encourage the adults with measles to rest Proper nutrition for the adults with measles Relieve fever-administer anti-pyretics when there is fever (paracetamol or brufen Relieve aches/pain with paracetamol or Ibuprofen Monitoring and recognition for any features indicating worsening of measles in adults and referral the features include;- Shortness of breath Coughing up blood drowsiness confusion Fits (convulsions) Referral to the health facilities
Primary Care
Information to Families and community education on transmission and prevention Community education on; proper nutrition Proper sanitation Promoting proper planning especially in urban areas to avoid over-crowding Provision of IEC materials Training/sensitizing health workforce on measles including its management	Contact tracing Quarantine for contacts Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread	Clinical examination and diagnosis of measles in adults based on key features (signs and symptoms) including cold-like symptoms,such as a runny nose,sneezing and a cough Sore, red eyes that may be sensitive to light Fever Small greyish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks Watery eyes Swollen eyelids Body aches and pains Supportive management for adults with measles including; Provision of plenty of fluids to the adults Proper nutrition for the adults with measles Encourage the adults with measles to rest Relieve fever-administer anti-pyretics when there is fever Relieve aches/pain with analgesics Monitoring and recognition for any complications/worsening of measles in adults and referral. The features include; shortness of breath coughing up blood drowsiness confusion fits (convulsions) Emergency care with an aim of stabilizing the adults with complications due to measles before referral Referral of adults with measles complications to a hospital post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated contacts
Referral Facility: General
	Isolation of patients with measles to prevent spread	Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated contacts (within 72 hours of exposure to measles virus) Management of measles complications in adults including; otitis media,conjunctivitis, pneumonia, croup, seizures, encephalitis N/B Carry out necessary confirmatory tests for measles if need be (blood tests,throat swab, urine sample)
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Isolation of patients with measles to prevent spread	Management of measles complications in adults including;- otitis media conjunctivitis pneumonia croup seizures encephalitis N/B Carry out necessary confirmatory tests for measles if need be (blood tests,throat swab; urine sample) Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated contacts (within 72 hours of exposure to measles virus)

Condition: Trichomoniasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms	General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms	Referral of women with persistent vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment Home based supervision of women with confirmed Trichomoniasis diagnosis for treatment compliance
Primary Care
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of women with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with oral metronidazole or tinidazole Treatment of sex partners
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of women with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Diagnostic tests - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection. - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test. - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid. - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope. - Urine test: For men, urine sample is tested to detect the presence of the parasite. Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole Treatmnet of sexual partners
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of women with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Diagnostic tests - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection. - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test. - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid. - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope. - Urine test: For men, urine sample is tested to detect the presence of the parasite. Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole Treatmnet of sexual partners

Condition: Tuberculosis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Social and behavioural change communication Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Create awareness on Tuberculosis risk factors and prevention methods Social and behavioural change communication on tuberculosis Mass media to raise awareness on tuberculosis and its prevention Promote infection prevention control for TB	Contact tracing, screening and management Isolation of confirmed or presumptive TB cases	Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) Referral of people with presumptive TB to next level Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * Trace and follow up of defaulters Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) by family/community/CHAs to promote adherence Self administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence Referral of presumptive TB cases to next level Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill Trace and follow up of defaulters	Home-based self-management rehabilitation	Psychosocial support Linkage with support groups
Primary Care
Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Promote strong TB Infection control measures	Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment Improve room ventilation Protect health care workers TB preventive therapy	Physical and clinical examination Confirmation of diagnosis using Chest X-ray and acid fast stain and culture of sputum Treatment of confirmed TB cases with anti TB medication using Direct Observed Therapy (DOT ) Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) to promote adherence to medication TB drugs refill Sputum collection and specimen referral to labortaories within hospitals Sputum smear -acid stain and culture of sputum Monitoring of TB complications Diagnosis confirmation using AFB, Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) by family/community/CHAs to promote adherence Self administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence Referral of people with presumptive TB to next level Referral of people living with HIV for regular TB screening B Preventive Therapy TB drugs refill Trace and follow up of defaulters
Referral Facility: General
Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Promote strong TB Infection control measures	Strong TB Infection control measures Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment Improve room ventilation Protect health care workers TB preventive therapy	Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) Self-administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill for SAT Trace and follow up of defaulters Manage adverse reactions and complications Diagnosis confirmation using chest x-ray, AFB, GeneXpert Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) by family/community/CHAs to promote adherence Self administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence Referral of people with presumptive TB to next level Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill Trace and follow up of defaulters Linkage to non-medical social support	Breathing exercise
Referral Facility: Specialist
Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Promote strong TB Infection control measures	Strong TB Infection control measures Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment Improve room ventilation Protect health care workers TB preventive therapy	Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) Self-administered treatment (SAT) Management of severe adverse infections and complications Management of TB/HIV co-infection ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection MDR/XDR TB management Nutritional support and supplement Management of complication Linkage to non-medical social support	Breathing exercise

Condition: Syphilis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner	Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner	Home based supervision of men and women with confirmed Syphilis infection to comply with treatment and follow-up instructions Referral of men and women with genital ulcers for syphilis screening	Physiotherapy support for people with residual neurological effects of neurosyphilis	Pain relief with non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis
Primary Care
	Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with Penicillin Treatment of sex partners Refer suspected cases of neurosyphilis to hospital for further investigation and treatment	Physiotherapy support for people with residual neurological effects of neurosyphilis	Pain relief with non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis
Referral Facility: General
	Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test Men and women with positive VDRL/RPR test should have the FTA For neurosyphilis, CSF testing every 6 months until CSF cell count is normal Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with PenicillinTreatment of sex partners	Specialist care for people with cardiovascular and other systemic residual effects of syphilis Specialist physiotherapy and neurology care for people with residual neurologic effects of neurosyphilis	Pain relief with opioid and non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test Men and women with positive VDRL/RPR test should have the FTAFor neurosyphilis, CSF testing every 6 months until CSF cell count is normal Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with PenicillinTreatment of sex partners	Specialist care for people with cardiovascular and other systemic residual effects of syphilis Specialist physiotherapy and neurology care for people with residual neurologic effects of neurosyphilis	Pain relief with opioid and non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis

Condition: Other STDs

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Promote early health seeking behaviour distribute IEC materials, Promote condoms use to prevent STIs Promotion of stigma reduction	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	Early recognition of need for referral
Primary Care
Education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Promote early health seeking behaviour Promotion of stigma reduction	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote correct and consistent use of condoms Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	History and physical examination for STI and reproductive tract infections Syndromic diagnosis and treatment of STIs Counselling on partner notification, diagnosis and treatment Information on treatment compliance and use of condom Referral for management of complications of STIs Information on STIs and treatment compliance Provision of condom Referral for management of complications of STIs
Referral Facility: General
Education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Promote early health seeking behaviour Promotion of stigma reduction	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote correct and consistent use of condoms Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	History and physical examination for STI and reproductive tract infections Basic laboratory tests for STI Etiologic diagnosis and treatment of STIs Counselling on partner notification, diagnosis and treatment Information on treatment compliance and use of condom Referral for management of complications of STIs
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Promote early health seeking behaviour Promotion of stigma reduction	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote correct and consistent use of condoms Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	History and physical examination for STI and reproductive tract infections Point of care testing/GeneXpert Advanced laboratory tests for STI including culture and sensitivity tests Etiologic diagnosis and treatment of STIs Counselling on partner notification, diagnosis and treatment Information on treatment compliance and use of condom

Condition: HIV/AIDS

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Social and behavioural change communication Peer-based HIV education Health education and risk reduction counselling Mass media on HIV awareness Condom social marketing Structural (policy, legal) interventions Create awareness on STIs and HIV/AIDS risk factors and prevention methods Social and behavioural change communication for parents Mass media to raise awareness on HIV/AIDs and its prevention	Safe sexual practice including condom use Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles HIV Testing including HIV self-test Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles Consistent and correct use of condoms HIV Testing including HIV self-test Prevent gender-based violence	Support treatment adherence Refills/Supply of antiretroviral Trace loss to follow-ups		Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
Primary Care
Social and behavioural change communication Health education and risk reduction counselling	Provider-initiated HIV testing Screening blood for HIV Oral PrEP Dapivirine vaginal ring Injectable long-acting cabotegravir Post-exposure prophylaxis Treatment of STIs Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) Substance abuse treatment Needle exchange program Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles Consistent and correct use of condoms HIV Testing including HIV self-test Oral PrEP Injectable PrEP Prevent gender-based violence Screening high risk groups for STI and HIV Early treatment of STIs Prevent gender-based violence	First-line antiretroviral therapy Opportunistic infection prophylaxis Patient follow-up Adverse drug reactions (ADR) monitoring Treatment of mild opportunistic infections TB/HIV co-infection Nutritional support Adherence support Referral to higher level for advanced HIV infection, severe adverse effects, complications and non-compliance Assess and classify for HIV * Initiate combination ARVs Monitor clinically, CD4, viral load Manage opportunistic infections Manage TB co-infection Syndromic management of STIs Supportive management (e.g., nutritional support and supplements etc) Medication refills Trace loss to follow-ups Referral to higher level for severe adverse effects, complications and non-compliance	Self-management education Physical exercise Nutritional support
Referral Facility: General
Health education and risk reduction counselling	HIV Testing including HIV self-test Oral PrEP Injectable PrEP Microbicides Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Screening high risk groups for STI and HIV Early treatment of STIs	Initiate combination ARVs * Monitor clinically, CD4, viral load Management of opportunistic infections Screening and management of latent TB infection and active TB co-infection Syndromic management of STIs Supportive management (e.g., nutritional support, etc) Medication refills Trace loss to follow-ups Referral to higher level for severe adverse reactions, complications and non-compliance		Symptomatic relief for patients with untreatable advanced HIV diseases Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education and risk reduction counselling	Provider-initiated HIV testing Screening blood for HIV Oral PrEP Dapivirine vaginal ring Injectable long-acting cabotegravir Post-exposure prophylaxis Treatment of STIs Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) Substance abuse treatment Needle exchange program	Initiate combination ARVs Diagnose and manage advance HIV diseases Monitor clinically, CD4, viral load, Chest X-ray, GeneXpert, culture etc Management of opportunistic infections Screening and management of LTBI, TB (DS & MDR) co-infection Etiologic management of STIs Supportive management (e.g., nutritional support, etc) Medication refills ICU care as clinically indicated Linkage to care and non-medical support		Symptomatic relief for patients with untreatable advanced HIV diseases Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families

Condition: Gonorrhoea

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner	Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner	Home based supervision of men and women with confirmed Gonococcal diagnosis for treatment compliance Referral of women with offensive vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment Referral of males with mucopurulent urethritis to next level for examination and treatment	Referral of women in reproductive age and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals	Psychological support for people with infertility
Primary Care
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or Cefixime Concomitant treatment for ChlamydiaTreatment of sex partners	Referral of women in reproductive age and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals	Psychological support for people with infertility
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or CefiximeConcomitant treatment for Chlamydia Treatment of sex partners
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infectionsExamination and investigation of women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or Cefixime Concomitant treatment for ChlamydiaTreatment of sex partners

Condition: Genital herpes

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms	General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms	Home based supervision of men and women with confirmed genital herpes treatment compliance Referral of people with genital/perianal vesicles/ulcers to next level for examination and treatment
Primary Care
		Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovir Treatment of sex partners
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir Treatment of sex partners
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovirTreatment of sex partners

Condition: Diarrhoeal diseases

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community-based awareness campaign Mass media based awareness	Good sanitation and hygiene practices Safe water supply	Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution Oral sugar-salt solution Nutrient-rich foods Zinc supplements Immediate transfer of severe cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Community-based awareness campaign Mass media based awareness	Access to safe drinking water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap	Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution Intravenous hydration Antibiotics for bacterial infections Zinc supplements Nutrient-rich foods Immediate transfer of severe or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Mass media to raise awareness on enteric infections including prevention measures (hygiene, IPC), sensitization, radio discussion, health talks, etc. Distribution of IEC materials on enteric infections	Access to safe drinking water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap	Intravenous hydration Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections Zinc supplements
Referral Facility: Specialist
Mass media to raise awareness on enteric infections including prevention measures (hygiene, IPC), sensitization, radio discussion, health talks, etc. Distribution of IEC materials on enteric infections	Access to safe drinking water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap	Intravenous hydration Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections Zinc supplements

Condition: Chlamydia

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Community health workers sensitization on chlamydia including prevention measures	General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms	Referral of adult women with offensive vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment Referral of adult males with mucopurulent urethritis to next level for examination and treatment Home based supervision of adult men and women with confirmed Chlamydia diagnosis for treatment compliance	Referral of women in reproductive age and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment (adult) Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals (adult)	Psychological support for people with infertility
Primary Care
	Screening of high risk adult women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of adult women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of adult men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections	Physical and clinical examination Diagnostics tests - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in adult women - Urine culture-especially in adult men Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course Referral	Referral of women in reproductive age and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment (adult) Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals (adult)	Psychological support for people with infertility
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of high risk adult women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of adult women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of adult men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections	Physical and clinical examination Diagnostics tests - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in women (adult women in this case) - Urine culture-especially in men (adult men in this case) Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course Referral	Investigation and treatment of men and women with infertility (adult) Investigation and treatment of men with urethral stricture (adult)	Psychological support for people with infertility
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of high risk adult women for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of adult women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections Examination and investigation of adult men with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections	Physical and clinical examination Diagnostics tests - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in women (adult women in this case) - Urine culture-especially in men (adult men in this case) Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course Referral	Investigation and treatment of men and women with infertility (adult) Investigation and treatment of men with urethral stricture (adult)	Psychological support for people with infertility

Condition: Dengue

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved	Primary prevention through Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual
Primary Care
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding	Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding	Able to conduct NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test Able to conduct Overall assessment, diagnosis and identification of phase of severity Management of non-severe dengue without warning signs by providing medical advice, supervising rest and drinking of plenty of fluids and prescribing of Paracetamol
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based programmes		In addition to primary care interventions Conduct virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test, ELISA and in addition for IgA by IHS and neutralization assays. Implement case management decisions for severe dengue with warning signs (Group B and C)including treatment of profound/compensated shock, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, ensure glucose control, hemorrhagic complications
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based programmes		Conduct virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test, ELISA and in addition for IgA by IHS and neutralization assays. Implement case management decisions for severe dengue with warning signs (Group B and C)including treatment of profound/compensated shock, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, ensure glucose control, hemorrhagic complications In addition to primary care interventions

Condition: Lymphatic filariasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative
Community Level
Community awareness and education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis to promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities	Primary prevention through - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through Community screening of patients with scrotal swelling. Either the patient himself or a community health worker identifies scrotal swelling and the patient is referred or reports to a level II facility Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams	Tertiary prevention Counseling Occupational and physiotherapy
Primary Care
Community awareness and education Education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis Promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities	Primary prevention - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measures Diagnosis Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics		Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Referral Facility: General
	Primary prevention - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measure: - Diagnosis - Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams	Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Management of Hydrocele through surgery	Tertiary prevention Counseling - Occupational and physiotherapy
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Primary prevention - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measure: - Diagnosis - Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams	Management of Hydrocele through surgery Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	Counseling Occupational and physiotherapy Tertiary prevention

Condition: Diphtheria

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Families and community education on transmission and prevention of Education on proper nutrition for adults Proper sanitation Promoting proper planning especially in urban areas to avoid over-crowding through multi sector al approach Community health workers education on diphtheria including prevention measure	Vaccination-booster doses of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for adolescents Contact tracing Quarantine for contacts	Recognition of features of Diphtheria in adults which include: _ sore throat, low fever and swollen glands in the neck, a thick coating in the throat or nose, hoarse voice Supportive management for adults with Diphtheria - Plenty of rest Recognition of features of worsening condition due to diphtheria –such as shortness of breath Proper nutrition for adult with diphtheria Referral to a health facility of adult with suspected diphtheria
Primary Care
Information/education on transmission and prevention of diphtheria Creation of awareness on importance on immunization Education on proper nutrition for adults Provision of IEC materials through communities Creation of awareness on good hygiene practices Training/sensitizing health workforce on diphtheria and its management Update/training of health care workers on immunization as recommended in national immunization schedules.	Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin/erythromycin) for close contacts Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms	History and Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in adults -based on signs and symptoms of diphtheria - including - Fever Supportive management to in adults with diphtheria to/Relieve common symptoms Relieve fever with anti pyretics/analgesics such as paracetamol and ibuprofen. Provide nutritional support for the adults with diphtheria Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine for adults who have not been vaccinated or have not completed the appropriate course Monitoring and recognition for any features of worsening of diphtheria s in adults which includes Shortness of breath/breathing difficulties Emergency care with an aim of stabilizing the adults with complications due to diphtheria before referral Referral of adults with diphtheria to a hospital
Referral Facility: General
Guidance to adults on prevention of diphtheria Education on importance of immunization Guidance to adults on proper nutrition Guidance to adults on hygiene practices Health workers education on management of diphtheria among the adults	Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series	Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
Referral Facility: Specialist
Guidance to adults on hygiene practices Guidance to adults on prevention of diphtheria Education on importance of immunization Guidance to adults on proper nutrition Health workers education on management of diphtheria among the adults	Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series	Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series

Condition: Acute Hepatitis B

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community awareness creation on Hepatitis B transmission, prevention measures and treatment	Safer sex practices, Barrier protective measures (condoms) Avoiding harmful traditional practices and blood contaminated sharp objects	Provision of high caloric diet Adequate of fluids Restricted physical activity Referral to next level health facility
Primary Care
Community awareness creation on Hepatitis B transmission, prevention measures and treatment		Provision of high caloric diet Adequate fluids Restricted physical activity Avoid hepatotoxic drugs Referral to next level health facility
Referral Facility: General
Awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures Health Education on Hepatitis B Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms) Awareness creation on other risky behaviours such as illicit drugs and sharing needles and other sharp objects; no sharing personal items Distribution of IEC materials on Heaptitis B condom distribution Promote testing for HBV and for HIV/AIDs Provide Hepatitis B testing services. Health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures	Hepatitis B Screening for adults at high Risk i.e. adults who live with someone who has hepatitis B, Health care workers, those with a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV, Men who have sex with men, Adults who have multiple sexual partners, those who inject illegal drugs or share needles and syringes, Adults with chronic liver disease, Adults with end-stage kidney disease, Adults planning to travel to an area of the world with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion Hepatitis B vaccination for those at risk Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections, Avoid re-use of needles and syringes	Physical examination,Clinical examination and diagnosis of Hepatitis B Supportive management for patients with Acute Hepatitis B - Provision of Healthy diet - Plenty of fluids - Encourage Exercises- Encourage the patient with Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest Relieve of pain with painkillers Admission for patient with severe Acute Hepatitis B Administer anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B to prevent complications Monitoring and management of any complications including acute Liver failure Follow up Investigations Blood tests to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)Test for Chronic Hepatitis B indicated by persistent Hepatitis B surface antigen for at least 6 months - Test for Hepatitis A and C - Liver ultrasound - Liver Biopsy
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures Health Education on Hepatitis B Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms), Awareness creation on other risky behaviours such as illicit drugs and sharing needles and other sharp objects; no sharing personal items Distribution of IEC materials on Heaptitis B condom distribution Promote testing for HBV and for HIV/AIDs Provide Hepatitis B testing services. Health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures	Hepatitis B Screening for adults at high Risk i.e. adults who live with someone who has hepatitis B; Health care workers; those with a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV; Men who have sex with men; Adults who have multiple sexual partners; those who inject illegal drugs or share needles and syringes; Adults with chronic liver disease; Adults with end-stage kidney disease ; Adults planning to travel to an area of the world with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections, Avoid re-use of needles and syringes Hepatitis B vaccination for those at risk	Physical examination Clinical examination and diagnosis of Hepatitis B Supportive management for patients with Acute Hepatitis B Provision of Healthy diet Plenty of fluids Encourage Exercises- Encourage the patient with Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest Relieve of pain with painkillers Admission for patient with severe Acute Hepatitis B Administer anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B to prevent complications Monitoring and management of any complications including acute Liver failure Follow up Investigations Blood tests to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)Test for Chronic Hepatitis B indicated by persistent Hepatitis B surface antigen for at least 6 months Test for Hepatitis A and C - Liver ultrasound- Liver Biopsy

Condition: Hepatitis A

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals Individuals and families education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Individuals, families and community education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitation Sensitize communities on use of clean, safe water Community health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A including prevention measure	Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through Observation of personal hygiene practices such as, Regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom Proper disposal of human waste within communities Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating Use clean safe water for drinking Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant	Recognition of possible features of Hepatitis A including fever, malaise,loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsen Supportive Home remedies; Plenty of rest Plenty of fluids/hydration Advice on avoidance of alcohol as these can worsen the effects of HAV on the liver
Primary Care
Create community awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Sensitize communities on use of clean, safe water,Individuals, families and community education on proper hygiene measures Advice on Improved sanitation Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management	Advice on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others;- Proper hand hygiene Proper food hygiene including proper cooking / heating Use clean safe water for drinking Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups; Men who have sex with men People who use illegal drugs People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors	Physical and Clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis A based on signs and symptoms fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms) Advice on home remedies; Plenty of rest Plenty of fluids/hydration Monitor for any complications Referal to a hospital
Referral Facility: General
Create awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors Provide Education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitationSensitize communities on use of clean, safe water. Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Health workers training /sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management	Advice on personal hygiene, hand hygiene and proper food cooking Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups ; Men who have sex with men People who use illegal drugs People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors	Physical and Clinical examination Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms) Investigations Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA Liver function tests Test also for hepatitis B and C Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Create awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Provide Education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitationSensitize communities on use of clean, safe water. Health workers training /sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management	Advice on personal hygiene; hand hygiene; proper food cooking Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups Men who have sex with men People who use illegal drugs People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors	Physical and Clinical examination Relieve any symptom -fever; dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms ) Investigations - Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood - Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA Liver function tests Test also for hepatitis B and C Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)

Condition: Hepatitis E

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease,the transmission mode and preventive measures Education on good hygiene practicesImprove access to clean and safe drinking waterStrategies to address poverty especially for resource poor areas Improve access to good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities including in congregate populations Improve access to health services Strategies to reduce overcrowding such as in refugee camps where sanitation and safe water supply pose special challenges Intersect oral collaboration to address social determinants of health e.g. Sanitation Community health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures	Maintaining quality standards for public water supplies Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation. Proper disposal of human waste /feaces Maintaining individual hygiene practices Consumption of clean safe water Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases	Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis E including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, itching (without skin lesions), yellow colour of the skin and whiteness of the eyes, with dark urine and pale stools Supportive treatment including - proper nutrition - Adequate rest - Relieving fever through use of pain killers Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens
Primary Care
Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease,the transmission mode and preventive measure Education on good hygiene practices Improve access to clean and safe drinking waterStrategies to address poverty especially for resource poor areas Improve access to good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities including in congregate populations. Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures and management Improve access to health servicesStrategies to reduce overcrowding such as in refugee camps where sanitation and safe water supply pose special challenges Intersectoral collaboration to address social determinants of health e.g. Sanitation Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures and management	Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: Proper disposal of human waste/feaces Consumption of clean safe water Maintaining individual hygiene practices Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation	Physical and clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis E based on signs and symptoms including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain, itching (without skin lesions),jaundice,with dark urine and pale stools Supportive treatment including;- proper nutrition - Adequate rest Relieving fever through use of pain killers Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens
Referral Facility: General
Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures to the adults Guidance on good hygiene practicesGuidance on use of clean and safe drinking water Awareness on good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities Health workers education on Hepatitis E transmission, prevention and management	Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: Proper disposal of human waste/feaces Consumption of clean safe water Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases Maintaining individual hygiene practices Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation	Monitoring and management of any complications main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure) N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease Supportive treatment including: proper nutrition, Adequate rest relieving fever through use of pain killers Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination. Rule out hepatitis A Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness on good sanitation /including safe human waste disposal in communitiesGuidance on good hygiene practicesGuidance on use of clean and safe drinking water Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures to the adults Health workers education on Hepatitis E transmission, prevention and management	Guidance /education on proper hygiene practices including: Proper disposal of human waste /feaces Maintaining individual hygiene practices Consumption of clean safe water Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation	Monitoring and management of any complications main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure) N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease Supportive treatment including: proper nutrition, Adequate rest relieving fever through use of pain killers Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination. Rule out hepatitis A Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.

Condition: Diabetes mellitus

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community engagement/sensitization on risk factors for diabetes mellitus and preventive measures such as weight control, regular exercise, healthy diet, and stress management Community engagement [community sensitization on diabetes and risk factors, healthy diets, regular blood sugar testing, and exercise]. Provision of IEC/BCC materials	Lifestyle modifications, healthier diet, quitting smoking and alcohol, exercise. Screen blood sugar through community screening services Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications	Lifestyle management Self-monitoring of blood glucose Immediate transfer of suspected diabetes cases to a higher-level health care facility	Home-based self-management rehabilitation Physical activity counselling and exercise training Home based self management rehabilitation Addition of person-centered care services to usual care in chronic heart failure or COPD for individualised health plan	Psychosocial support Behavioural, mood, attitude, and emotional support to patients and family members Enrolment to support groups
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention Community engagement [community sensitization on diabetes and risk factors, healthy diets, regular blood sugar testing, and exercise]. Provision of IEC/BCC materials	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels in high risk patients Diabetes-related foot examination Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications	Lifestyle management Oral antidiabetics Monitoring glycaemic control Comprehensive diabetes care Nicotine replacement Availability of metformin for diabetes treatment	Self-management education Physical activity counselling and exercise training Provision and training in the use of assistive products Addition of person-centered care services to usual care in chronic heart failure or COPD for individualised health plan	Physical, emotional, social and spiritual support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Enrolment to support groups
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention Population wide reduction in daily salt consumption Financial incentives to consume a healthy diet	Regular monitoring of blood sugar and HbA1C in high risk patients Diabetes-related eye examination Diabetes-related foot examination Diabetes-related neuropathy examination Diabetes-related kidney disease testing Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors Integration of hypertension and diabetes screening & treatment in HIV programs Use of polypill for secondary CVD prevention in high risk candidates	Lifestyle management Medical nutrition therapy Oral glucose-lowering medications Insulin Monitoring glycaemic control Detect and manage DM-specific complications History and physical examination for diabetes mellitus Point of care testing Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Condition-specific nutrition assessment and counselling Counselling on home glucose monitoring, and self-insulin administration. Provision of blood glucose monitoring device and test strips Diabetic foot examination Test for visual acuity Direct ophthalmoscopy Intravenous fluids Insulin treatment Oral hypoglycaemics Monitoring of acid base status	Self-management education Physical activity counselling and exercise training Provision and training in the use of assistive products Addition of person-centered care services to usual care in chronic heart failure or COPD for individualised health plan	Physical, emotional, social assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Enrolment to support groups
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention Community engagement [community sensitization on diabetes and risk factors, healthy diets, regular blood sugar testing, and exercise]. Provision of IEC/BCC materials	Regular monitoring of blood sugar and HbA1C in high risk patients Diabetes-related eye examination Diabetes-related foot examination Diabetes-related neuropathy examination Diabetes-related kidney disease testing	Lifestyle management Medical nutrition therapy Oral hypoglycaemic medications Insulin Monitoring glycaemic control Detect and manage DM-specific complications History and physical examination for diabetes mellitus Point of care testing Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Condition-specific nutrition assessment and counselling Counselling on home glucose monitoring, and self-insulin administration. Provision of blood glucose monitoring device and test strips Diabetic foot examination Test for visual acuity Direct ophthalmoscopy Intravenous fluids Insulin treatment Oral hypoglycaemics Monitoring of acid base status	Self-management education Physical activity counselling and exercise training Provision and training in the use of assistive products	Physical, emotional, social assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Enrolment to support groups

Condition: Rabies

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites. Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites and immediate care measures after a bite. Community Health workers education on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adults in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and those whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Recognition of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include:if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species; the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable First aid to an adult following a deep bite or scratch from an animal suspected to have rabies, through extensive wound washing—i.e Thorough flushing and washing of the wound for a minimum of 15 minutes with soap and water, detergent/anti septic’s such povidone iodin Relive any pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Immediate Referral to a health facility Report/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined
Primary Care
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites. Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite. Health workers education on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adults in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses, and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments.	Physical and clinical examination Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species; the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior; a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable Immediate post exposure prophylaxis through Extensive washing, flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics Immediate Referral to a hospital for further management including Immunization of adults with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) Integrated bite case management through alerting the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined
Referral Facility: General
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite. Health workers training on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Immunization of adults with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) or before exposure Pre-exposure immunization is for adults in high-risk occupations such as; laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims,with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Physical and clinical examination, Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva; the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of all categorized exposures assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies; Extensive washing; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure; Administration of rabies vaccine, the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated. Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite. Health workers training on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Immunization of adults with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) or before exposure Pre-exposure immunization is for adults in high-risk occupations such as; laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims,with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Physical and clinical examination, Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva; the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of all cotegorized exposures assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies; Extensive washing ; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure; Administration of rabies vaccine the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated. Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined

Condition: Yellow Fever

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and communities on Yellow Fever vaccination	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)	Recognition of Yellow Fever symptoms Supportive care (e.g., fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.) Referrals to a health facility if symptoms worsen
Primary Care
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and communities on Yellow Fever vaccination	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)	Recognition of Yellow Fever symptoms Supportive care (e.g., fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.) Referrals to a health facility if symptoms worsen Report immediately to local authorities
Referral Facility: General
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and communities on Yellow Fever vaccination	Vaccination: Yellow fever	History and physical examination Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Supportive care (e.g., fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.) IV fluid hydration Treat mild complications Refer if severe or not responding
Referral Facility: Specialist
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures Information and health education to parents, families and communities on Yellow Fever vaccination	Vaccination: Yellow fever	History and physical examination Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Treat bacterial infections with antibiotics IV fluid for rehydration Manage complications such as liver and kidney failure Manage fever with antipyretics Nutritional support .

Condition: Acute Hepatitis C

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative
Community Level
Create awareness to adults and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day Provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to elderly who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence Health education on hepatitis C Education on safe sex practices Distribution of IEC materials Community health workers sensitization on Hepatitis C, including transmission & prevention measures	Avoiding sharing personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers) Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Safe sex practices -prevention of exposure to blood during sex Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver Screening for Hepatitis C infection	Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis C in adults including fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes Supportive Home therapies for adults with Hepatitis C including; proper nutrition - Plenty of fluids - plenty of rest - relieve pain Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsens	Community Rehabilitation centers for Adults at risk e.g for provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
Primary Care
Create awareness to adults and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day Provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence health educatioN to adults on heaptitis C Education to adults on safe sex practices Distribution of IEC materials Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission, prevention measures	Primary prevention measures Training of health personnel on heaptitis C Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to Adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Education /Guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex Screening, for hepatitis C infection	Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis of hepatitis C in adults based on signs and symptoms including fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes Supportive therapies for adults with Hepatitis C including; - proper nutrition - fluids therapy - Plenty of rest - relieve of pain Monitor for any complications Referral to a hospital if symptoms worsens
Referral Facility: General
Create awareness to the adults and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day provision of education and comprehensive harm-reduction services to adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence; Education to adults on safe sex practices Distribution of IEC materuials on Hepatitis C Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission and prevention measures	Primary prevention measures Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Training of health personnel on hepatitis C Guidance on Safe sex practices to prevent exposure to blood during sex; Secondary prevention measures Screening for hepatitis C infection including to those at risk Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines for adults with hepatitis C infection to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission & prevention measures Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day Create awareness to the adults and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence; Education to adults on safe sex practices Distribution of IEC materuials on Hepatitis C	Primary prevention measures Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Training of health personnel on hepatitis C Guidance on Safe sex practices to prevent exposure to blood during sex; Secondary prevention measures Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines for adults with hepatitis C infection to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver

Condition: Leprosy

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level

Primary Care
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy Community Health workers sensitization on Leprosy	Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases Early case detection through active case finding - Contact tracing Strengthening surveillance for leprosy Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)	Physical and clinical examination care for the patient with Leprosy including; Care of Eyes,care of hands and feet,guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve Follow up Guidance and Ensuring adherence to treatment, for known leprosy patients Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes. Referral to a hospital for definitive diagnosis and for further management Supporting a known leprosy patient Ensure adherence to medicines	Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups such groups encourage each other on self care needs Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy.	Psycho social and counseling support services for adults affected by leprosy and their families
Referral Facility: General
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy,signs and symptoms and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy Health workers training on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management	Guidance to parents/families on ensuring the adults avoid close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing Surveillance for leprosy Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation) Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities	physical and clinical examination Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs; 1.Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch 2.Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve Guidance to the elderly leprosy patient on adherence to treatment, Guidance/Advice to elderly patients with leprosy on self-care including Care of Eyes, care of hands and feet, guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT) Hospital admission Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment Guidance and Ensuring adherence to treatment for known leprosy patients	Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups –such groups encourage each other on self care needs Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy.	Provide psycho social and counseling support services for adults affected by leprosy and their families
Referral Facility: Specialist
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy,signs and symptoms and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy Health workers training on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management	Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment Surveillance for leprosy Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation) Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities	physical and clinical examination Guidance to the elderly leprosy patient on adherence to treatment, Guidance /Advice to patients with leprosy on self-care including Care of Eyes; care of hands and feet; guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs: Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch * Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve* Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT) Hospital admission Prevention and management of disabilities. Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network.	Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups –such groups encourage each other on self care needs Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy.	Provide psycho social and counseling support services for adults affected by leprosy and their families

Condition: Ascariasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Health education to adults and communities on ascariasis and prevention measures Community,adult persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil Community Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures	Proper cleaning and cooking of food Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for adults	Identification of features/signs indicative of ascariasis including; history of passage of a live worm, in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing,fever Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education to adults on ascariasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faecesAwareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng;Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to adults on ascariasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promote good nutrition for adults	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to adults on ascariasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces bAwareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for adults	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Condition: Tetanus

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness Creation among communities on Tetanus and preventive measures Health education activities to increase community awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization Distribution of IEC materials Training the community Health workers on tetanus, including prevention measures/on vaccination/vaccination schedules/detection	Advice to adults on proper wound care Proper care for minor Wounds-thorough cleaning of the wound and covering to prevent infections Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards	Recognition of symptoms indicative of tetanus in adults including jaw cramping or the inability to open the mouth (lock jaw), muscle spasms often in the back, abdomen and extremities, sudden painful muscle spasms often triggered by sudden noises, trouble swallowing, seizures, Headache, fever and sweating Immediate referral to a health facility of adults suspected to have tetanus	Home based/community based physical therapy rehabilitation for muscle movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups
Primary Care
Awareness Creation among adults on Tetanus and preventive measures Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adults	Post exposure vaccination for adults with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine Proper wound care for adults Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury.) Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti pyretic Proper wound care Immediate referral of patient to a hospital for management	Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups
Referral Facility: General
Awareness Creation among adults on Tetanus and preventive measures Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization Distribution of IEC materials Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents	Advice to adults on proper wound care Post exposure vaccination for adults with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine Proper wound care for adults Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in adult patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)* Supportive therapy-Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics fever with anti pyretic Immediate admission for adults with tetanus (Tetanus is a medical emergency)Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) Aggressive wound care for the adults with tetanus Prevention and management of any complications Management/control of muscle spasms Administration of antibiotics Tetanus Vaccination for the adults who have recovered from tetanus since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity Referral to specialised hospitals for further managemnet eg Intensive care services to manage any complications/severe tetanus Follow up	Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness Creation among adults on Tetanus and preventive measures Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization Distribution of IEC materials Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents	Post exposure vaccination for adults with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine Proper wound care for adults Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in adult patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury) Supportive therapy-Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics fever with anti pyretic Immediate admission for adults with tetanus (Tetanus is a medical emergency)Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) Aggressive wound care for the adults with tetanus Prevention and management of any complications Intensive care services to manage any complications/severe tetanus Management/control of muscle spasms Administration of antibiotics Tetanus Vaccination for the adults who have recovered from tetanus since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity Follow up	Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups

Condition: Trichuriasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Health education to adults and communities on trichuriasis and prevention measures Community/adult persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil. Community Health workers training on trichuriasis including prevention measures	Proper cleaning and cooking of food Practicing proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Avoidance of contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faeces Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for adults	Identification of features/signs indicative of trichuriasis including frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water, and blood, abdominal pain The diarrhea typically has a pungent smell Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education to adults on Trichuriasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers education on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance for the adults on proper cleaning and cooking of food Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis based on features such as including frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water, and blood, abdominal distension, abdominal pain The diarrhea typically has a pungent smell Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition) Lab Diagnostic test-Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the trichuris eggs Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole Follow up and prevention of complications e.g Anaemia Referral to hospital for management of complications due to trichuriasis including iron deficiency anemia,rectal prolapse
Referral Facility: General
Health education to adults persons/families and communities on Trichuriasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers education on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance for the adults on proper cleaning and cooking of food Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults	physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, based on history of passage of a live worm in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing or fever Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition) Diagnostic tests; Microscopy–stool for identifying trichuris eggs Endoscopy to see adult worms in GIT Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole< Prevention and management of complications e.g Anaemia, rectal prolapse
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to adults persons/families and communities on Trichuriasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers education on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance for the adults on proper cleaning and cooking of food Guidance on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, based on history of passage of a live worm in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing or fever Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers; nutritional support (proper nutrition) Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole Diagnostic tests Microscopy–stool for identifying trichuris eggs Endoscopy to see adult worms in GIT Prevention and management of complications e.g iron deficiency anaemia, rectal prolapse

Condition: Iodine deficiency

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education on nutritious and healthy eating	Education on nutritious and healthy eating Examination during home visits for presence of goiter and signs of hypothyroidism	Follow up cases of iodine deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice Refer people with suspected iodine deficiency next level for further assessment and management
Primary Care
Education on nutritious and healthy eating		Refer cases of iodine deficiency and cases of goiter to hospital for treatment
Referral Facility: General
		Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine Plan for surgery in cases with large goiters
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine Plan for surgery in cases with large goiters

Condition: Maternal conditions

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education on good nutrition for women and importance of antenatal care when pregnant Education on importance of regular medical checkups to ensure that women are in good health before embarking on a pregnancy
Primary Care
Education on good nutrition for women and importance of antenatal care when pregnant Provide general medical check-up service for women who are considering a pregnancy	Provide treatment for non-pregnant women who are found to have pre-existing medical conditions before becoming pregnant/pre-conceptual treatmnet/services
Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Condition: Vitamin A deficiency

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
	Education on nutritious and healthy eating	Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes Guidance to adult on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin A supplemnts Refer people with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice
Primary Care
Education on nutritious and healthy eating		Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Referrals to hospital Follow up
Referral Facility: General
		Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up

Condition: Colon and rectum cancers

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community engagement [community sensitization on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed meat consumption and alcoholic drinks as well as regular physical exercise Community engagement and empowerment on cancer awareness and early health-seeking behaviour Community leaders and advocates engagement to address cancer stigma and identification of barriers to accessing care	Healthy life style: Healthy diet (high fibre, low saturated fats), physical activity, weight management, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco use		Self-management education Exercise and physical activity Nutritional support	Home-based care with multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Primary Care
	Dietary counselling on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed food
Referral Facility: General
	Dietary counselling on increasing dietary fibre and reducing red and processed food Healthy life style: reducing weight gain and physical activity Regular colorectal cancer screening to those with high risk	Appropriate management of infections Early referral for additional procedures		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Regular colorectal cancer screening to those with high risk	Staging and grading Chemotherapy Targeted drug therapy Immunotherapy Surgery Radiotherapy		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care

Condition: Larynx cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use	Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination Referral of people with increasing hoarseness of voice to hospital for further assessment		Psychosocial support for people who have received treatment Ensuring that treated people comply with follow up regime Support of treated people in smoking and alcohol cessation	Non-opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease
Primary Care
	Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use
Referral Facility: General
	Assessment of people with increasing voice hoarseness for laryngeal cancer	Chemotherapy or radiation therapy Surgery for disease with extra-laryngeal extension	Esophageal dilatation Speech therapy	Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Assessment of people with increasing voice hoarseness for laryngeal cancer	Chemotherapy or radiation therapy Surgery for disease with extra-laryngeal extension	Esophageal dilatation Speech therapy	Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease

Condition: Leukemia

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Refer people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection to next level for assessment	Refer people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection to next level for assessment	Psychosocial support for people diagnosed with the disease Supervision of people diagnosed with the condition for compliance with management	Home-based end of life care Non-opioid pain relief
Primary Care
		Refer people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection where benign causes have been excluded to hospital for assessment	Psycho social support for people diagnosed with the condition
Referral Facility: General
		Assess people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection where benign causes have been excluded for leukaemia	Psycho social support for people diagnosed with the condition	Blood transfusion Treatment of infection Opioid pain relief End of life support
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Assess people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection where benign causes have been excluded for leukaemia	Psycho social support for people diagnosed with the condition	Blood transfusion Treatment of infection Opioid pain relief End of life support

Condition: Liver Cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Public education about dangers of alcohol use Public education on symptoms of liver disease	Ensuring that people with diagnosis of liver cancer comply with follow up regime		Psychosocial support for people who are being managed for liver cancer Ensuring that people with diagnosis of liver cancer comply with follow up regime	Non-opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease Provision of home-based end of life care
Primary Care
	Referral of people with persistent dyspepsia to hospital for assessment Referral of people with signs of liver disease to hospital for assessment Referral of people with abdominal masses to hospital for assessment Referral of people with weight loss to hospital for assessment
Referral Facility: General
	Assessment of people with signs of liver disease and weight loss for liver cancer Screening of blood and blood donors before transfusion	Liver Transplantation		Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease Provision of end of life care
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Assessment of people with signs of liver disease and weight loss for liver cancer Screening of blood and blood donors before transfusion	Liver Transplantation		Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease Provision of end of life care

Condition: Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on risk factors (smoking) and occupational and environmental exposure (e.g., goal mining, cement factories, etc.) Mass media campaigns that educate the public about the harms of smoking/tobacco use and second hand smoke Community engagement and empowerment on cancer awareness and early health-seeking behaviour Community leaders and advocates engagement to address cancer stigma and identification of barriers to accessing care	Not starting smoking, or to quitting smoke and avoiding second hand smoke. Healthy diet		Self-management education Physical exercise Nutritional support	Home-based care with multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of signs and symptoms of respiratory tract cancers	Not starting smoking, or to quitting smoke and avoiding second hand smoke Referral of people with cough, chest pain or weight loss to hospital for further assessment
Referral Facility: General
	Assessment of people with cough, chest pain or weight loss for lung, tracheal or bronchial cancer	Appropriate management of infections Referral to the next level for diagnostic workup and treatment		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Annual lung cancer screening with Low dose CT (LDCT) scan for high risk population Counselling support to quit smoking	Staging and grading Chemotherapy Targeted drug therapy Surgery Radiotherapy		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care

Condition: Malignant skin melanoma

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Educate people with skin moles on need to monitor change in size and colour of mole	Educate people with skin moles on need to monitor change in size and colour of mole	Home based follow up of treated people for monitoring of recurrence
Primary Care
	Refer people with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment	Home based follow up of treated people for monitoring of recurrence
Referral Facility: General
	Assess people with non-sickle cell bone pain or pathological fractures for multiple myeloma	Surgical excision Adjuvant radiation therapy Adjuvant interferon alfa	Treatment of complications End of life support
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Assess people with non-sickle cell bone pain or pathological fractures for multiple myeloma	Surgical excision Adjuvant radiation therapy Adjuvant interferon alfa	End of life support Treatment of complications

Condition: Multiple myeloma

Health Promotion	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Refer people with non-sickle cell bone pain or pathological fractures to hospital for assessment	Monitoring of people being managed with disease to ensure treatment compliance Psycho social support for people being managed with the disease	Home-based end of life support
Primary Care

Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Condition: Nasopharynx cancer and other pharyngeal cancers

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms	Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination Referral of people with ENT symptoms to next level for assessment		Psychosocial support for people who have received treatment for nasopharynx cancer Ensuring that treated people comply with follow up regime	Non-opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease
Primary Care
Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms	Public education about ENT symptoms and need to report for examination with such symptoms Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination Referral of people with persistent ENT symptoms to hospital
Referral Facility: General
	Assessment of people with persistent ENT symptoms for ENT cancers	Chemotherapy and radiation therapy		Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Assessment of people with persistent ENT symptoms for ENT cancers	Chemotherapy and radiation therapy		Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease

Condition: Oesophagus cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use	Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination Referral of people with difficulty swallowing to hospital for further assessment		Psycho social support for people who have received treatment Ensuring that treated people comply with follow up regime Support of treated people in smoking and alcohol cessation	Non-opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease
Primary Care
Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use	Public education about dangers of smoking and alcohol use Referral of people with neck masses (cervical lymph node swelling) to hospital for further examination Referral of people with difficulty swallowing to hospital for further assessment
Referral Facility: General
	Assessment of people with difficulty swallowing for oesophageal cancer	Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation	Esophageal dilatation Stents to maintain esophageal patency	Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Assessment of people with difficulty swallowing for oesophageal cancer	Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation	Esophageal dilatation Stents to maintain esophageal patency	Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease

Condition: Pancreas cancer

Health Promotion	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Referral of patients with weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms to hospital for assessment	Psycho social support for people who have received treatment Ensuring that treated people comply with follow up regime	Non-opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease Provision of home-based end of life care
Primary Care
	Referral of patients with weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms to hospital for assessment
Referral Facility: General
	Radiation therapy Surgery Chemotherapy		Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease Provision of end of life care
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Radiation therapy Surgery Chemotherapy		Opioid pain relief for people with advanced disease Provision of end of life care

Condition: Non-melanoma skin cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Educate people on need for hospital follow up for skin lesions and non-healing skin ulcers	Refer people with skin lesions on non-healing skin ulcers to next level for assessment	Home based follow up of treated people for monitoring of recurrence
Primary Care
	Refer people with skin lesions on non-healing skin ulcers to next level for assessment	Home based follow up of treated people for monitoring of recurrence
Referral Facility: General
	Adherence to any medication as prescribes Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including; Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques	Surgical excision Radiation therapy for metastatic cases
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Adherence to any medication as prescribes Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including; Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques	Radiation therapy for metastatic cases Surgical excision

Condition: Stomach cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Healthy life style: healthy weight, physically active, no alcoholic drink or in moderation, no smoking, eat vegetables and fruits		Physical exercise Nutritional support	Home-based care with multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Primary Care
	Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori
Referral Facility: General
	Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori	Appropriate management of infections Referral to the next level for diagnostic workup and treatment		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Prompt treatment of ulcers and infections especially H. pylori	Staging and grading Chemotherapy Targeted drug therapy Immunotherapy Surgery Radiotherapy		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care

Condition: Breast cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on symptoms of breast cancer, importance of screening with regular breast exams and mammography Community engagement and empowerment on cancer awareness and avoiding harmful traditional practice for breast cancer treatment Community leaders and advocates engagement to address cancer stigma and identification of barriers to accessing care	Keep a healthy life style: healthy weight, physically active, no alcoholic drink or in moderation, no smoking, eat vegetables and fruits Breasts self-examination	Immediate transfer of suspected cases to a higher-level health care facility	Physical exercise Nutritional support	Home-based care with multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Primary Care
Health education on prevention and management of breast cancer	Keep a healthy life style: healthy weight, physically active, no alcoholic drink or in moderation, no smoking, eat vegetables and fruits and breast feed Guidance on self-observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms e.g., nipple discharge, skin change, pitting, breast mass	Immediate transfer of suspected cases to a higher-level health care facility	Physical exercise Nutritional support	Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Referral Facility: General
Health education on prevention and management of breast cancer	Regular screening with mammogram	Immediate transfer of suspected cases to a higher-level health care facility	Physical exercise Nutritional support Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Regular screening with mammogram	Chemotherapy Hormone therapy Lumpectomy Simple mastectomy Radical mastectomy Lymphadenectomy Radiotherapy	Physical exercise Nutritional support Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)

Condition: Cervix uteri cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community engagement and empowerment on cancer awareness and early health-seeking behaviour Community leaders and advocates engagement to address cancer stigma and identification of barriers to accessing care	Safe sexual practice Correct and consistent use of condoms HPV vaccination at earlier age	Early recognition of need for referral	Physical exercise Nutritional support	Home-based care with multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Primary Care
Health education on prevention and management of cervical cancer	Safe sexual practice Correct and consistent use of condoms HPV vaccination at earlier age Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions	Cryotherapy Early referral of suspicious cases		Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Referral Facility: General
Health education on prevention and management of cervical cancer	Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions	History and physical examination for cervical cancer Cervical cancer screening using HPV-test or Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) Treatment of precancerous lesions with Cryotherapy and/or LEEP Early recognition of need for referral	Physical exercise Nutritional support	Multi-disciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on prevention and management of cervical cancer	Screening and treatment of precancerous lesions	Chemotherapy Simple hysterectomy Radical hysterectomy Targeted drug therapy Immunotherapy Radiotherapy	Physical exercise Nutritional support	Hospital-based care with multidisciplinary team with access to opiates and essential supportive medicines Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage to address financial well-being of patients and family members End-of-life care

Condition: Corpus uteri cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
			Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment	Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres
Primary Care
	Routine Endometrial sampling	Early Detection through clinical awareness, colposcopy and endometrial biopsy. Prompt referral for hospital care for those with results positive for malignancies	Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles	Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centers
Referral Facility: General
	Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) during consultations and Physical Examinations Breast Ultrasound scans for pathologies elicited from CBE Advanced Imaging – Co Genetic screening to pick up mutations in Breast Cancer genes	Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy. Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations	Institute Specialist teams to offer Multidisciplinary care in Clinical Psychology, Dietetics and Physiotherapy
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Breast Ultrasound scans for pathologies elicited from CBE Advanced Imaging – Co Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) during consultations and Physical Examinations Genetic screening to pick up mutations in Breast Cancer genes	Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy. Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations	Institute Specialist teams to offer Multidisciplinary care in Clinical Psychology, Dietetics and Physiotherapy

Condition: African trypanosomiasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
IEC on African trypanosomiasis to all age cohorts	The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly. Primary prevention emasures * Fly control measures clear bushes. Use insect repellent, vector control using a multisectoral appraoch use of Protective clothings: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants of medium-weight material in neutral colors that blend with the background environment. (Tsetse flies are attracted to bright or dark colors, and they can bite through lightweight clothing). Inspection of places before entry eg cars --since the flies are attracted to bright lights eg car lights The use of trypanotolerant breeds for livestock farming should be considered if the disease is widespread. Fly control is another option but is difficult to implement. screening -The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis T. b. gambiense (CATT) is a serologic screening test used for population screening Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage.
Primary Care

Referral Facility: General
		Physical and clinical examinaton Experienced staff to conduct clinical assessment For T.b. gambiense * Treatment under direct observation either through outpatient or as inpatients Admission/inpatient services Treatmnet with relevant medication first-line treatment or second line treatmnet aas indicated Management of relapses Mananagement of nay complications eg reduce the risk of encephalopathy Management of any adverse drug effects- eg Encephalopathy gastrointestinal and skin reactions, pyrexia, and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnostic tests Microscopy of fresh blood chancre fluid or lymph node aspirate Microscopy of celebral spinal fluid (CSF) (wet preparation)
Referral Facility: Specialist
		First-line treatment Second line treatment Management of relapses Management of complications Management of adverse drug effects

Condition: Malaria

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control Mass media on malaria prevention measures Community mobilization and engagement on malaria risk reduction, prevention and control and early treatment seeking Create mass awareness on malaria using social media, mass media, print media, public gatherings Social and behavioural change communication Promote the use of Information Education Communication (IEC) materials Improve CHW knowledge on malaria * School based education on malaria prevention	Integrated vector control management (e.g., ITN, IRS, larva source management etc Intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women (IPTp)	Oral antimalarial treatment Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility Diagnosis confirmation for malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests Treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria based on national guidelines * Management of fever using oral antipyretics * Follow up on malaria treatment adherence Refer unresponsive or severe cases to the next level
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Oral antimalarial treatment Intramuscular antimalarial empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Intravenous antimalarial for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care for cerebral malaria

Condition: Schistosomiasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
	Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas Vector control It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements
Primary Care
IEC for all age cohorts Schistosomiasis, Hygiene	Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas Vector control It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements	Medication --use of Praziquantel Microscopic examination of stool and urine samples for parasites eggs Physical and clinical examination
Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Condition: Echinococcosis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme	Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
		Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

Condition: Cysticercosis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level

Primary Care

Referral Facility: General
Widespread Improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions - Strict meat inspection	Health education - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers - Cooking pork and beef well - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces. Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices	Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures.
Referral Facility: Specialist
Widespread Improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions - Strict meat inspection	Health education - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers - Cooking pork and beef well - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces. Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices	Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures

Condition: Asthma

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures * Multi sectoral approach to ensure clean environments	Avoidance of aeroallergen Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke	Counselling on recognition of symptoms Guidance to patient on how to monitor their breathing and how to recognize warning signs Guidance on use of medication as prescribed Recognition of danger signs and referral to the next higher level
Primary Care
Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures	Avoidance of aeroallergen Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke Vaccination: influenza Vaccination: pneumonia	Short-acting beta-2 agonist. Inhaled steroids Long-acting beta-2 agonists Buteyko or yoga breathing techniques
Referral Facility: General
Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures	Vaccination: influenza Vaccination: pneumonia	Short-acting bronchodilator, Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA) Long-acting muscarinic agonist (LAMA) Oxygen supplementation Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures	Vaccination: influenza Vaccination: pneumonia	Short-acting bronchodilator, Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA) Long-acting muscarinic agonist (LAMA) Oxygen supplementation Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP

Condition: Eating disorders

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation to communities on eating disorders, early recognition and how to prevent them Distribution of IEC materials on eating disorders Community health workers education on eating disorders, including prevention measures	Early identification and referral for treatment for persons with eating disorder Promoting healthy balanced diets/healthy eating for the adults Promoting healthy exercises Social support systems for at community level Guidance and support on effective ways of coping with emotions	Early Recognition of signs indicative of eating disorder such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating,This may be coupled with weakness, fatigue, weight loss Recognition of signs of any concurrent mental ailments as indicated by signs such as nervousness, withdrawal, trouble sleeping Encourage elderly to eat healthy diets/Guidance on Diet /Nutrition counseling Encourage elderly to do healthy exercise moderation /reducing excessive exercises Referral to a health facility for elderly patients with eating disorder and any associated ailments for further management	Family & Community social support systems where people can share their feelings
Primary Care
Awareness creation to adults, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them Education to health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management	Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adults Education to adults on effective ways of coping with emotions Education and guidance to adults on health exercises Guidance to adults on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image	Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises Recognition of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders. Clinical and physical examination Early detection and management of eating disorders Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling Monitoring and recognition of any complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes, Referral to a hospital for adult patient with severe eating disorder and any complications for further management	Counselling services for adult patients with eating disorder and their families Linkage of adult patients with eating disorder to Self-help/support groups
Referral Facility: General
Awareness creation to adults, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them Training health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management	Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adults Education to adults on effective ways of coping with emotions Education and guidance to adults on health exercises Guidance to adults on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image	Early detection and treatment of eating disorders Assessment mental and social well being Multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers, Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling Medical nutrition therapy Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises Psychological interventions Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the patient control their thoughts Behavioral therapy focusing on assisting patient to gain control and change unwanted behaviors Medications Management of concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders. Monitoring and management of any complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart disease. Hospitalization for more serious cases. Follow up	Counselling services for adult patients with eating disorder Family therapy Linkage of adult patients with eating disorder to Self-help/support groups
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness creation to adults, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them Training health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management	Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adults Education to adults on effective ways of coping with emotions Education and guidance to adults on health exercises Guidance to adults on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image	Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises Psychological interventions Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the patient control their thoughts Behavioral therapy focusing on assisting patient to gain control and change unwanted behaviors clinical and physical examination Early detection and treatment of eating disorders Assessment mental and social well being Hospitalization for more serious cases. Follow up Medical nutrition therapy Medications Management of concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders. Monitoring and management of any complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart disease. Multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers, Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling	Counselling services for adult patients with eating disorder Family therapy Linkage of adult patients with eating disorder to Self-help/support groups

Condition: Periodontal disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on oral health including periodontal disease to the communities Increase knowledge and practices among the public through community programmes Fully integrating oral health into community health programmes. Community Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention measures	Daily oral hygiene measures to prevent periodontal disease including brushing properly on a regular basis (at least twice daily), Flossing daily Using an antiseptic mouthwash, Chlorhexidine gluconate-based mouthwash Adoption of healthy lifestyles such as no smoking or cessation of smoking, use of healthy balanced diets Regular dental check-ups Community level screening for periodontal disease	Recognition of symptoms indicative of periodontal disease such as bleeding gums, drifted or loose teeth or a complaint of bad breath Good oral hygiene/oral hygiene instructions including brushing and flossing Guidance on healthy diet/good nutrition Use of antiseptic mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Relieve of symptoms such as pain with analgesics Referral to a health facility for management of adult with periodontal disease
Primary Care
Education to the adults on periodontal disease and prevention measures Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in adults	Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health. Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation . Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy Screen adults for periodontal diseases at every routine examination	Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health. Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support) Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary orla hygiene measure Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal. Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances Antimicrobial Medication, Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemiicrobials Use of analgesics where there is pain Referral for the adult patient with periodontal disease to a hospital for further management including managemnet of any underlyng conditions
Referral Facility: General
Early treatment/management of predisposing conditions such as diabetes cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health. Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy Screen adults for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.	Education to the adults on periodontal disease and prevention measures Health workers education on periodontal disease including prevention and management in adults	Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth Diagnostics including; Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs & or panoramic radiographs Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support) Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal. Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials Use of analgesics where History and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every there is pain Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check ups after successful periodontal treatment
Referral Facility: Specialist
Early treatment/management of predisposing conditions such as diabetes cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health. Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy Screen adults for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.	Education to the adults on periodontal disease and prevention measures Health workers education on periodontal disease including prevention and management in adults	Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth Diagnostics including; Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs & or panoramic radiographs Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support) Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal. Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials Use of analgesics where there is pain Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check ups after successful periodontal treatment

Condition: Migraine

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education and awareness creation/information to communities on headache prevention measures Community awareness on healthy behaviours Including; getting plenty of sleep, staying physically active, eating healthy meals and snacks, drinking plenty of water, management of stress, practicing relaxation techniques	Lifestyle modifications, Avoidance of triggers Healthy coping mechanisms	Analgesics for mild headaches Identify warning features of serious headaches Referral to higher levels of serious headaches	Relaxation therapy e.g massage therapy to relive migraine	Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription
Primary Care

Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Condition: Parkinson disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Health education/ Awareness creation among the elderly and communities on Parkinson disease and related conditions Advocacy programs on parkinsonism	Encourage elderly persons to Exercise regularly to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease Advice on other preventive measures such as; Avoidance of exposure to pesticides and herbicides Use of vitamins such as Vitamin C and E* *Advice on diet/use of balance diet	Recognition of cardinal signs of parkinsonism including slowness of movement; tremor, stiffness or rigidity and postural instability or difficulty in walking Advice on diet/use of balance diet Monitoring any indication of progression or severity of the disease Pain relief and exercise Encourage adherence to medication Referral to a health facility for management	Encourage Regular Physical Exercise programs for adults persons with early onset Parkinsonism disease to improve mobility and flexibility Generalized relaxation techniques such as gentle rocking to improve flexibility	Psychosocial support and counselling for the adult patient with early onset parkinsonism and to the family to address factors such as loss of function and jobs, depression, fear Stress management for both patient and families
Primary Care
Education to the elderly and communities on Parkinson and related conditions	Encourage elderly persons to Exercise regularly to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease Advice on other preventive measures such as Avoidance of exposure to pesticides and herbicides Use of vitamins such as Vitamin C and E Identification of at-risk patients Encourage /Advice on adherence to medication Monitoring for any complications arising including difficulties in swallowing; urine incontinence; breathing complications Stabilize patient in case on any complications e.g.patient with difficulties in breathing before referral to a hospital Referral for a patient with parkinsonism to a hospital for further management	Regular Physical Exercise programs for elderly persons with Parkinsonism disease to improve mobility and flexibility Physiotherapy Generalized relaxation techniques such as gentle rocking to improve flexibility Speech and language therapy Occupational therapy	Regular Physical Exercise programs for adults with early onset Parkinsonism disease to improve mobility and flexibility Generalized relaxation techniques such as gentle rocking to improve flexibility	Palliative care to improve quality of life for both the person with Parkinson's and the family by Providing relief from the symptoms such as pain for the patient Stress relief for the patient and families Provide emotional support/counselling to address factors such as loss of function and jobs, depression, fear Palliative care serves an important role in addressing goals of care.
Referral Facility: General
Awareness creation among adults and communities on parkinsonism disease including early onset parkinsonism disease Advocacy programs on parkinsonism Health workers training on parkinsonism and its management	Encourage elderly persons to Exercise regularly to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease Advice on other preventive measures such as Avoidance of exposure to pesticides and herbicides Use of vitamins such as Vitamin C and E	Medical history and neurological examination Diagnosis through neuro-imaging -MRI Symptomatic treatment Diet therapy/guidance on balanced diet Use of medication such as levodopa Surgery for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective. Monitoring the disease progression and management of any complications arising Management of difficulties in swallowing/feeding e.g., through use of feeding tube Managing breathing complications e.g., through use of non-invasive ventilator, and tracheostomy. Management of Urine incontinence Management of constipation, pain, blood pressure Management of secondary causes of parkinsonism’s such as stroke	Regular Physical Exercise programs for elderly persons with Parkinsonism disease to improve mobility and flexibility Physiotherapy services for elderly with parkinsonians improve mobility, gait, speed, flexibility Generalized relaxation techniques such as gentle rocking to improve flexibility Speech therapy-Lee Silverman Voice treatment Occupational therapy to promote health and quality of life by helping elderly persons with the disease to participate in as many of their daily living activities as possible.	Palliative care to improve quality of life for both the person with Parkinson's and the family by providing relief from the symptoms such as pain for the patient Stress relief for the patient and families , Psychosocial and emotional support/counselling to address factors such as loss of function and jobs, depression, fear
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness creation among adults and communities on parkinsonism disease including early onset parkinsonism disease Advocacy programs on parkinsonism Health workers training on parkinsonism and its management	Encourage elderly persons to Exercise regularly to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease Advice on other preventive measures such as Avoidance of exposure to pesticides and herbicides Use of vitamins such as Vitamin C and E	Medical history and neurological examination Diagnosis through neuro-imaging -MRI Symptomatic treatment Diet therapy/guidance on balanced diet Use of medication such as levodopa Surgery for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective. Monitoring the disease progression and management of any complications arising Management of difficulties in swallowing/feeding e.g., through use of feeding tube Managing breathing complications e.g., through use of non-invasive ventilator, and tracheostomy. Management of Urine incontinence Management of constipation, pain, blood pressure Management of secondary causes of parkinsonism’s such as stroke	Regular Physical Exercise programs for elderly persons with Parkinsonism disease to improve mobility and flexibility Physiotherapy services for elderly with parkinsonians improve mobility, gait, speed, flexibility Generalized relaxation techniques such as gentle rocking to improve flexibility Speech therapy-Lee Silverman Voice treatment Occupational therapy to promote health and quality of life by helping elderly persons with the disease to participate in as many of their daily living activities as possible.	Palliative care to improve quality of life for both the person with Parkinson's and the family by providing relief from the symptoms such as pain for the patient Stress relief for the patient and families , Psychosocial and emotional support/counselling to address factors such as loss of function and jobs, depression, fear

Condition: Hookworm disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education and awareness creation among adults/communities on hookworm disease including prevention measures Public health education about proper hygiene Awareness creation on improving sanitation including proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection Provision of IEC materials on hook worm disease Multisectoral approach in addressing the risk factors of hook worm dieses including improving sanitation, access to clean water and income status of communities Community health workers education on hookworm disease and prevention measures	Guidance to adults/communities on preventive measures including Drinking safe water Properly cleaning and cooking food Practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene Using a barrier to prevent the skin surfaces from touching the soil eg use of gloves , shoes while gardening Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with hookworm Proper human waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Treating pet dogs and cats for hookworm/deworming pets	Recognition of signs of hookworm infestation including rash at the site of initial infection e.g. on the palm or soles; itchiness at the site; creeping eruptions on lower limbs or upper trunk (depending on site of entry of the larvae) Guidance to the patient on Improving nutrition to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron; Protein;) Symptomatic treatment e.g. relief of fever if present; Referral to a health facility for management of pregnant women with hookworm disease.
Primary Care
Education and awareness creation among adults/communities on hookworm disease including prevention measures Public health education about proper hygiene Awareness creation on improving sanitation including proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection Provision of IEC materials on hook worm disease Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management	Advice to adults on use of safe Drinking water Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste	Diagnostic test—Examination of stool sample to identify hookworm eggs Nutrition Support/advice to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron; Protein;) Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to adults with hook worm disease Management of larvae in the skin ( Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin. Monitor for any worsening of hookworm disease including complications such as anemia Referral to a hospital for further management including management of complications
Referral Facility: General
Education and awareness creation to the adults on hookworm disease including prevention measures Education about proper hygiene Education on proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management	Advice to adults on use of safe Drinking water Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening Guidance on proper handwashing/hand hygiene Guidance on proper human waste disposal	Nutrition support/therapy to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron, Protein) Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to adults with hook worm disease Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin. Local cryotherapy to destroy the hookworms while still in the skin Management of anemia and its complications (use of iron supplements, vitamin C. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements) Diagnostic tests Examination of a stool sample to identify hookworm eggs Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies Chest X-ray to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education and awareness creation to the adults on hookworm disease including prevention measures Education about proper hygiene Education on proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management	Advice to adults on use of safe Drinking water Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening Guidance on proper handwashing/hand hygiene Guidance on proper human waste disposal	Nutrition support/therapy to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron, Protein) Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to adults with hook worm disease Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin. Local cryotherapy to destroy the hookworms while still in the skin Management of anemia and its complications (use of iron supplements, vitamin C. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements) Diagnostic tests Examination of a stool sample to identify hookworm eggs Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies Chest X-ray to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.

Condition: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Create awareness on respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on lower respiratory tract infections Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing	Good hygiene practices including hand washing Avoidance of smoking within the household Avoidance of secondary exposure to smoke Avoidance of biomass combustion (particularly indoor cooking fires) and Avoidance of air pollutants	First-line antibiotic treatment Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment	Good hygiene practices including hand washing Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID	First-line antibiotic treatment Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment	Immunizations, e.g; Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID	IV/IM antibiotics Oxygen supplementation IV fluids	Post-pneumonia pulmonary rehabilitation
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment	Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID	IV/IM antibiotics Oxygen supplementation IV fluids Intensive care for severe disease	Post-pneumonia pulmonary rehabilitation

Condition: Non-migraine headache

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education and awareness creation/information to communities on headaches including prevention measures Community Health worker training on headaches prevention, recognition and management at the community level	Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors. Including getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Adherence to any medication as prescribes	Recognition of features indicative of non-migraine headache including, Mild to moderate, non-pulsating pain on both sides of the head; Pain that's not worsened by physical activity, one sided headache (headaches not accompanied by nausea or vomiting, as is often the case with migraine Drinking plenty of water Use of over the counter pain killers such as ibuprofen keeping a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches such as vomiting, blurred vision Referral to a health facility for management of serious headaches
Primary Care
Provide information to on headaches their prevention measures and their treatment. Health workers training on the different types on non migraine head aches, their prevention and treatment measures	Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including; Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Adherence to any medication as prescribes	Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis of headaches based on the history and clinical features Guidance to patient on keeping a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Medication-use of analgesics such as ibuprofen Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke, Referral to a hospital for management of serious headaches or headaches due to other underlying conditions
Referral Facility: General
Provide information to on headaches their prevention measures and their treatment. Health workers training on the different types on non migraine head aches, their prevention and treatment measures		Physical and clinical examination Identify and distinguish the different types of non-migraine headaches based the clinical features including; For tensional headache, usually mild or moderate, more generalized and typically described as pressure or tightness For cluster headache, severe headache strictly unilateral around the eye, red and watering eyes with running or blocked nostrils and marked agitation Medication over use headache-usually due to chronic use of medication mainly for migraine or tension headache (usually diagnosed if symptoms improve within 2 months of medicine withdrawal) Encourage patient to keep a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke, Management of any underlying conditions causing headaches Patients follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
Provide information to on headaches their prevention measures and their treatment. Health workers training on the different types on non migraine head aches, their prevention and treatment measures		Physical and clinical examination Identify and distinguish the different types of non-migraine headaches based the clinical features including; For tensional headache, usually mild or moderate, more generalized and typically described as pressure or tightness For cluster headache, severe headache strictly unilateral around the eye, red and watering eyes with running or blocked nostrils and marked agitation Medication over use headache-usually due to chronic use of medication mainly for migraine or tension headache (usually diagnosed if symptoms improve within 2 months of medicine withdrawal) Encourage patient to keep a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke, Management of any underlying conditions causing headaches Patients follow up

Condition: Ischaemic (Coronary) Heart Disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community engagement/sensitization on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and preventive measures such as regular exercise, healthy diet, and stress management]	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, alcohol and tobacco use Daily low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors	Immediate transfer of suspected cases to a higher-level health care facility	Home-based self-management rehabilitation Physical activity counselling and exercise training	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
Primary Care
Health education on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and preventive measures including stress management Display patient friendly IEC/BCC materials	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use Daily low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors	Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute chest pain Immediate transfer of suspected cases to a higher-level health care facility	Physical activity counselling and exercise training	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
Referral Facility: General
Health education on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and preventive measures including stress management Provision of patient friendly IEC/BCC materials	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use Daily low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention Screening and treatment of CVD risk factors	Thrombolytic drugs Oxygen supplementation and ventilation support Antiplatelet drugs (e.g. Aspirin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Lipid lowering medications (statins) Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers Therapeutic lifestyle modification Stabilization and referral of acute complications	Physical activity counselling and exercise training Occupational therapy	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and preventive measures including stress management Display patient friendly IEC/BCC materials	Guidance on healthy eating i.e.eating balanced healthy diets –low fat and Low sodium intake Guidance on Physical activities and physical exercises Advice on the need for adequate rest-including adequate sleep Avoidance of smoking tobacco Cessation of alcohol use Maintaining a healthy body weight Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol levels Early detection and management of other medical conditions as a preventive measure including; Management of coronary heart disease Management of high blood pressure, Early treatment of diabetes mellitus Early screening	Early initiation of thrombolysis Oxygen supplementation and ventilation support Antiplatelet drugs (e.g. Aspirin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Lipid lowering medications (statins) Calcium channel blockers Mechanical thrombectomy Blood p