Interventions for Anxiety Disorders

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Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and referral for proper management	Recognition of mental health disorder signs and symptoms	Basic psychosocial treatment Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Primary Care
Provision of IEC/BCC materials	Early detection and referral for proper management	History Physical examination Structured interview schedules	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: General
	Early detection and proper management	History Physical examination Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) Questionnaire Complete blood count Basic metabolic test Thyroid function test Electrocardiography	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRI) Tricyclic-Antidepressants Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Early detection and proper management	History Physical examination Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) Questionnaire Complete blood count Basic metabolic test Thyroid function test Electrocardiography	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Low-intensity versions of CBT Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRI) Tricyclic-Antidepressants	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community engagement [community sensitization on anxiety, healthy diets, exercise, stress reduction] Education directed at elimination of stigmatization of people living with mental health conditions Provision of IEC/BCC materials	Encourage compliance with medications		Early recognition of the need for referral
Primary Care
	Early detection and referral for proper management		Assessment for symptoms of anxiety Referral to the next level for specialized mental health investigation
Referral Facility: General
			Psychoeducation for patients and caregivers Stress management training Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRI) Tricyclic-Antidepressants Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services
Referral Facility: Specialist
			Psychoeducation for patients and caregivers Stress management training Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Low-intensity versions of CBT Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRI) Tricyclic-Antidepressants

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and referral for proper management	Recognition of mental health disorder signs and symptoms	Basic psychosocial treatment Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Primary Care
Health education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and referral for proper management	Structured interview schedules	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and proper management	History Physical examination Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS19) Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS20) Complete blood count Basic metabolic test Thyroid function test Electrocardiography	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and proper management	History Physical examination Structured interview schedules Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for children and parents (ADIS-C/P) Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) Complete blood count Basic metabolic test Thyroid function test Electrocardiography	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Low-intensity versions of CBT Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy (MBCT) Psychodynamic psychotherapy Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRI) Tricyclic-Antidepressants	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and referral for proper management	Recognition of anxiety disorder signs and symptoms	Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Primary Care
Health education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and proper management	Structured interview schedules	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and proper management	Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS19) Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS20)	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early detection and proper management to help decrease the possibility of anxiety disorder into adulthood	Early detection and proper management	Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for children and parents (ADIS-C/P) Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS)	Individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) Low-intensity versions of CBT Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy (MBCT) Psychodynamic psychotherapy Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRI) Tricyclic-Antidepressants	Physical exercise training	Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)