Interventions for 12 - 24 years

• Community awareness on prevention and control methods of meningitis

• Frequent hand washing
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• Recognition of meningitis signs and symptoms

• Isolate child/adolescents suspected with meningitis
• Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility

• Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems

• Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

• Health education and information on prevention and treatment of meningitis

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• History
• Physical examination
• Rapid blood agglutination test

• Antibiotic treatment
• Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility

• Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems

• Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

• Health workers training on meningitis & its management in adolescents
• Create Awareness among adolescents on meningitis and prevention measures
• Guidance on Good nutrition for adolescents
• Guidance on hygiene practices for adolescents to prevent meningitis

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• History
• Physical examination
• Lumbar puncture
• CSF analysis
• CSF culture
• CSF PCR
• Rapid CSF agglutination test
• Blood culture
• Throat swab,
• Serology.
• Full blood count,
• C reactive protein (CRP),
• Clotting studies,
• BUN
• Electrolytes

• Parenteral antibiotics
• Parenteral corticosteroids

• Physiotherapy
• Occupational therapy
• Language and speech therapy
• Assisting in hearing devices

• Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

Create Awareness among adolescents; on meningitis and prevention measures Guidance on Good nutrition for adolescents Guidance on hygiene practices for adolescents to prevent meningitis

• Health workers training on meningitis & its management in adolescents

• Chemo prophylaxis for adolescents who are living in a household with one or more unvaccinated children younger than 48 months.
• Post exposure prophylaxis for adolescents who have had close contacts with someone with Meningitis

• History
• Physical examination
• Lumbar puncture
• CSF analysis
• CSF culture
• CSF PCR
• Rapid CSF agglutination test
• Blood culture
• Throat swab,
• Serology.
• Full blood count,
• C reactive protein (CRP)
• Clotting tests
• BUN
• Electrolytes

• Parenteral antibiotics
• Intravenous fluids
• Anti-TB treatment for TB meningitis
• Antifungal treatment for fungal meningitis
• Parenteral corticosteroids

• Physiotherapy
• Occupational therapy
• Language and speech therapy
• Assisting in hearing devices

• Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

• Strengthen families and community-based awareness on whooping cough including prevention measures
• Create knowledge among family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule
• Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose
• Strengthen community health workers knowledge on whooping cough

• Vaccination

• One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine.

• Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene
• Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
• Cough and sneezing etiquette
• Community Reporting systems on whopping cough
• Referrals to health facilities

• Recognition of features of whooping cough - which include:
• features of common cold:(i.e Runny nose
• Nasal congestion, Red
• watery eyes, Fever)
• uncontrollable coughing
• Vomiting
• A high-pitched "whoop" sound during breathing
• Home remedies staying hydrated resting using a mist vaporizer practicing proper hand hygiene eating frequent small meals to avoid vomiting avoiding coughing triggers, such as smoke, strong chemicals,allergens
• Monitoring for any worsening of the patient condition
• Referrals to health facilities

• Strengthen, adolescents, families and community-based awareness on whooping cough including prevention measures
• Create knowledge among family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule
• Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose
• Guidance on hygiene for adolescents and adults
• Information on good nutrition
• Strengthen workers knowledge on whooping cough

• Vaccination-One dose of Tdap for adults who have never received the vaccine
• Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts

• Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene
• Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
• Cough and sneezing etiquette
• Community Reporting systems on whopping cough

• Physical and Clinical examination
• Outpatient care
• Administration of antibiotics
• Supportive management
• Monitor for any complications
• Emergency care with an aim of stabilising before referral
• Referral to hospital for Management of any complications e.g rib fracture, syncope, abdominal hernia

• Awareness to Adolescents and Adults on whopping cough and prevention measures
• Guidance on hygiene practices
• Guidance on Good nutrition
• Health workers education on whooping cough and its management

• Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts

• Physical and Clinical examination
• • Outpatient services
• Anti-microbial therapy
• Supportive management
• Management of any complications e.g rib fracture, syncope, abdominal hernia or other complications from the severe, chronic cough
• Hospitalization for patients at risk of severe pertussis/and complication
• Rweferral to specialised hospitals for further managemnet eg ICU services for severe illness
• Laboratory tests,B pertussis, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serologic testing and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing.
• Follow up

• Rehabilitation services depending on complications physical rehabilitation

• Counseling for adolescents with complications due to whooping cough
• Psychosocial support

• Awareness to Adolescents and Adults on whopping cough and prevention measures
• Guidance on Good nutrition
• Guidance on hygiene practices
• Health workers education on whooping cough and its management

• Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts

• Physical and clinical examination
• Outapttient services
• Anti-microbial therapy
• Supportive management eg relieve of pain and /or fever
• • Hospitalization for patients at risk of severe pertussis/and complications
• Laboratory tests,B pertussis, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serologic testing and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing.
• Management of any complications e.g rib fracture, syncope, abdominal hernia or other complications from the severe, chronic cough
• ICU services for severe illness
• follow up

• Rehabilitation services depending on complications physical rehabilitation

• Counseling for adolescents with complications due to whooping cough
• Psychosocial support

• Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Information provision to the communities on the importance of immunization for children
• Awareness creation on good nutrition
• Provision of IEC materials
• Awareness creation/education on animal handling and animal health e.g. dogs (rabies)
• Community health workers training on encehaplitis including on prevention measures

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• Recognition of features indicative of encephalitis including Fever, Aches in muscles, weakness, fits (Seizures), Muscle weakness
• Supportive and symptomatic management for adolescents suspected to have encephalitis awaiting referral
• Supportive and symptomatic management for mild encephalitis - Bed rest - Plenty of fluids - Use of Anti-inflammatory drugs - Management of fever-sponging, use of anti pyretics - Relieve pain/aches with analgesics such as paracetamol
• Refer to the nearest health facility

• Continued Rehabilitation at community level and follow up of patients referred backwards from the health facilities (those who may have had complications)
• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination
• Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills
• Community based rehabilitation
• Speech therapy

• Psycho-social support for adolescents and Youth with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
• Spiritual support

• Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures
• Information on the importance of immunization for children
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Awareness on good nutrition
• Provision of IEC materials
• Awareness/education on animal handling and animal health e.g. dogs rabies)
• Training/sensitizing health workforce

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)Parasites such as Ticks control

• Clinical examination
• Supportive and symptomatic management for encephalitis before urgent referral to hospital including:
• Bed rest
• Fluids therapy /Plenty of fluids
• Adminstration of Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Management of fever using anti pyretics
• Management if pain with analgesisc
• Monitor for any danger signs e.g. lethargy, unconsciousness, convulsions
• Health workers education on first line management
• Referral of a pesron suspected to have encephalitis to the nearest hospital

• Rehabilitation and follow up of patients referred backwards from the Hospitals.
• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility.
• Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills,Speech therapy.
• Referral downwards to communities for further/continued rehabilitation.

• Psycho-social support for adolescents and youth with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills

• Creation of awareness to the adolescents on encephalitis prevention measures
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Guidance on good nutrition for adolescents and the youths
• Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management

• Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control

• Early recognition and treatment of encephalitis
• Computerized Tomography CT
• Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately
• Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
• Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis
• For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir
• Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent,
• Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance,
• Intravenous fluids adminstration
• Anti-inflammatory drugs administration
• Administration of Anticonvulsant medications
• Admissions for persons with encephalitis
• Management of any complications
• Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension
• Prevention/Management of seizures
• Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure
• ICU services
• Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including:
• Blood and urine tests
• lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture
• Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens
• Serologic tests for Toxoplasma
• Imaging such as: Imaging such as Computerized Tomography CT - MRI
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI

• Follow-up therapy for complications of encephalitis
• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility function
• Speech therapy
• Occupational therapy to develop every day skills
• Referral downwards to primary care facilities and communities for follow up and rehabilitation

• Psycho-social support for adolescents and Youth with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills

• Creation of awareness to the adolescents on encephalitis prevention measures
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Guidance on good nutrition for adolescents and the youths Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management

• Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control

• Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
• Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis
• For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir
• Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent,
• Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance,
• Intravenous fluids adminstration
• Anti-inflammatory drugs administration
• Administration of Anticonvulsant medications
• Admissions for persons with encephalitis
• Management of any complications
• Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension
• Prevention/Management of seizures
• Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure
• ICU services
• Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including:
• Blood and urine tests
• lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture
• Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens
• Serologic tests for Toxoplasma
• Imaging such as:
• Computerized Tomography CT
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
• Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately

• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility function
• Speech therapy
• Occupational therapy to develop every day skills Referral downwards to primary care facilities and communities for follow up and rehabilitation

• Psycho-social support for adolescents and Youth with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
• Spiritual support

• Adolescents and Families education on transmission and prevention of measles
• Community education on proper nutrition for adolescents
• Proper sanitation
• Promoting planning especially in urban areas to avoid over-crowding through multi sectoral approach
• Community health workers training on measles including prevention and recognition of signs of measles in adolescents

• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts

• Recognition of features of measles in adolescents including cold-like symptoms such as;-
• a runny nose,sneezing and a cough
• Sore, red eyes that may be sensitive to light
• Fever
• Small greyish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks
• Watery eyes
• Swollen eyelids
• Body aches and pains
• Relieve Headcheas/pain with paracetamol or Ibuprofen
• Relieve fever-administer anti-pyretics when there is fever (paracetamol or brufen)
• Proper nutrition for the adolescents with measles
• Home based care
• Supportive management for adolescents with measles including;
• Provision of plenty of fluids to the adolescents
• Encourage the adolescents with measles to rest
• Monitoring and recniognition for any features indicating worsening of measles in adolescents and referral. The features include;-
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing up blood
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Fits (convulsions)
• Referral to the health facilities

• Information to Families and community education on transmission and prevention
• Community education on proper nutrition
• Proper sanitation
• Provision of IEC materials
• Promoting proper planning especially in urban areas to avoid over-crowding
• Training/sensitizing health workforce on management of measles in adolescents

• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts
• Isolation for the patients with measles to contain the spread

• Clinical examination and diagnosis of measles in adolescents based on features including cold-like symptoms,such as
• a runny nose,sneezing and a cough
• Sore,red eyes that may be sensitive to light
• Fever
• Small greyish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks
• Watery eyes
• Swollen eyelids
• Body aches and pains
• Investigations;collect samples for lab confirmation and viral detection
• Supportive management for adolescents with measles including;-
• Provision of plenty of fluids to the adolescents
• Proper nutrition for the adolescents with measles
• Encourage the adolescents with measles to rest Relieve fever-administer anti-pyretics when there is fever (paracetamol or brufen)
• Relieve aches/pain with paracetamol or Ibuprofen
• Monitoring and recognition for any features indicating worsening of measles in adolescents and referral. The features include;
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing up blood
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Fits (convulsions)
• Monitor /recognition of complications due to measles in adolescents which include;
• Diarrhea
• Ear infection
• Bronchitis
• Laryngitis (inflammation of the voice box)
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis (swelling of the brain)
• Croup (inflammation of the airway)
• Emergency care with an aim of stabilizing the adolescents with complications due to measles before referral
• Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated contacts
• Referral of the adolescents with worsening measles/complications to the hospital

• Isolation of patients with measles to prevent spread

• Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated contacts (within 72 hours of exposure to measles virus)
• Relieve common symptoms of measles in adolescents
• Fever
• Cough
• Blocked nose
• Conjunctivitis
• Sore mouth
• Provide nutritional support
• Appropriate Antibiotics administration for any secondary infection e.g. pneumonia
• Responses for AEFI
• Identify and manage any complications as per guidelines e.g. pneumonia,croup,diarrhea,malnutrition, otitis media,mouth ulcers,eye complications (conjunctivitis),laryngitis,febrile seizures,encephalitis
• Intensive care services for adolescents with severe complications of measles
• Follow up
• N/B Investigations-carry out necessary confirmatory tests for measles if need be (blood tests,throat swab; urine sample)

• Isolation of patients with measles to prevent spread

• Post exposure vaccination for unvaccinated contacts (within 72 hours of exposure to measles virus)

• Identify and manage any complications as per guidelines e.g. pneumonia,croup,diarrhea,malnutrition, otitis media,mouth ulcers,eye complications (conjunctivitis),laryngitis,febrile seizures,encephalitis

• Provide nutritional support

• Appropriate Antibiotics administration for any secondary infection e.g. pneumonia

• Responses for AEFI

• Intensive care services for adolescents with severe complications of measlesFollow up

• Relieve common symptoms of measles in adolescents ;

• Fever

• Cough

• Blocked nose

• Conjunctivitis

• sore mouth

• N/B Investigations-carry out necessary confirmatory tests for measles if need be (blood tests,throat swab; urine sample)

• General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• General public education on condom use and maintaining one sexual partner
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• Referral of women with persistent vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment
• Home based supervision of women with confirmed
• Trichomoniasis diagnosis for treatment compliance<

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Treatment with oral metronidazole or tinidazole
• Treatment of sex partners

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Diagnostic tests
  - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection.
  - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test.
  - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid.
  - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope.
  - Urine test: For men, urine sample is tested to detect the presence of the parasite.
• Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole
• Treatmnet of sexual partners

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Diagnostic tests
  - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection.
  - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test.
  - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid.
  - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope.
  - Urine test: For men, urine sample is tested to detect the presence of the parasite.
• Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole
• Treatmnet of sexual partners

• Contact tracing, screening and management
• Isolation of confirmed or presumptive TB cases

• Institute the following measures in homes where there is a suspected or confirmed TB case
• Adequate ventilation Education on cough etiquette Isolation of confirmed or suspected case if feasibleAdvise confirmed or suspected case to spend as much time outdoors Spend as little time as possible on public transport while smear positive Spend as little time as possible in crowded places when smear positive
• Sputum collection and transportation for TB suspects
• Isolation of confirmed TB patients at community level if possible
• Screening for TB at the community level
• Active TB case finding
• TB contacts tracing
• Referral of contacts of a confirmed TB case who have symptoms to next level for preventive treatment
• Referral of contacts of confirmed TB case who are HIV positive to next level for preventive treatment.

• Recognition of tuberculosis signs and symptoms

• Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs)
• Referral of people with presumptive TB to next level
• Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * Trace and follow up of defaulters Primary level

• Home-based self-management rehabilitation

• Psychosocial support
• Linkage with support groups

• Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene
• Promote strong TB Infection control measures

• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Contact history
• Physical examination
• Anthropometric measurement
• AFB microscopy
• Rapid molecular diagnostic tests
• Chest radiography

• Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs)
• Self-administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence
• Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill for SAT
• Trace and follow up of defaulters
• Referral of people with adverse reactions and complications

• Breathing exercise

• Psychosocial support
• Linkage with support group

• Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene
• Promote strong TB Infection control measures

• Strong TB Infection control measures
• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Contact history
• Physical examination
• Anthropometric measurement
• AFB microscopy
• Tuberculin skin test
• Rapid molecular diagnostic tests
• HIV testing
• Chest radiography
• Ultrasound

• Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs)
• Self-administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence
• ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection
• Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill for SAT
• Trace and follow up of defaulters
• Manage adverse reactions and complications

• Breathing exercise

• Psychosocial support
• Linkage with support groups

• Advocacy for TB
• Distribution of IEC materials on TB
• Health education to communities on TB
• Promote use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Universal precaution for TB (eg. cough etiquette,
• Train health workers on TB

• Strong TB Infection control measures
• Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation
• Rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment
• Improve room ventilation
• Protect health care workers

• Contact history
• Physical examination
• Anthropometric measurement
• Tuberculin skin test (TST)
• Interferon gamma release assay
• HIV testing
• Rapid molecular diagnostic tests
• Chest radiography
• Ultrasound
• Fluid analysis
• Sputum culture
• Drug sensitivity test (DST)
• Line probe assay (LPA)
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Fine-needle aspiration
• Biopsy of tissues

• Direct Observed Therapy (DOT)
• Self-administered treatment (SAT)
• Manage severe adverse infections
• Manage complications
• Manage HIV co-infection
• Manage MDR/XDR TB
• Nutritional support and supplement
• Intensive care as clinically indicated
• Linkage to non-medical social support

• Breathing exercise

• Psychosocial support
• Linkage to support groups

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices
• School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices
• School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practicesEducation on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Screening of female adolescents for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers
• Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse to appropriate authorities

• Home based supervision of adolescents with confirmed Syphilis infection to comply with treatment and follow-up instructions
• Referral of adolescents with genital ulcers for syphilis screening

• Physiotherapy support for people with residual neurological effects of neurosyphilis

• Pain relief with non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis

• Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
• Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Refer suspected cases of neurosyphilis to hospital for further investigation and treatment
• Treatment ofTreatment with Penicillinex partners

Physiotherapy support for people with residual neurological effects of neurosyphilis

Pain relief with non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis

• Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infectionsMen and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
• Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test.
• For neurosyphilis, CSF testing every 6 months until CSF cell count is normal

Treatment with PenicillinTreatment of sex partners

• Specialist care for people with cardiovascular and other systemic residual effects of syphilis
• Specialist physiotherapy and neurology care for people with residual neurologic effects of neurosyphilis

Pain relief with opioid and non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis

• Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Men and women with genital ulcers should have VDRL Test
• Men and women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test.
• For neurosyphilis, CSF testing every 6 months until CSF cell count is normal

Treatment with PenicillinTreatment of sex partners

• Specialist care for people with cardiovascular and other systemic residual effects of syphilis
• Specialist physiotherapy and neurology care for people with residual neurologic effects of neurosyphilis

Pain relief with opioid and non-opioid analgesics for patients with late or tertiary syphilis

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Sensitization of traditional healers and community leaders.
• promote substance use cessation
• Promote early health seeking behaviour distribute IEC materials,
• promote condoms use to prevent STIs
• Educate communities on sex and sexual education for guidance to prevent risk factors
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Training of community Health Workers on STI

• Screening of female adolescents for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers
• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices* School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse to appropriate authorities

• Home based supervision of adolescents with confirmed STI diagnosis for treatment compliance
• Referral of female adolescents with STI symptoms to next level for examination and treatment
• Referral of male adolescents with urethral discharge or other STI symptoms to next level for examination and treatment

• Conduct Clinical examination of reproductive system
• Examination and investigation of adolescents STI symptoms
• Conduct follow up to high-risk groups, such as youths and commercial sex workers and prisoners
• Awareness and sensitization about HTS
• Assess further complications and manage conditions
• Introduce mechanism on a regular check-up and follow up mechanism
• Training health workers on complex complications of STI

• Appropriate treatment for condition Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
• Treatment of sex partners

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of adolescents with STI symptoms

• Appropriate treatment for condition Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
• Treatment of sex partners
• Conduct investigative laboratory tests Such as chlamydia, RPR test for syphilis
• Syndromic management of STIs with microscope according to guidelines
• Develop National STI and mentoring program to support clinicians on-site with diagnosis, treatment, record keeping and greater integration of STI and HIV services
• Promote regular inquiries of STI symptoms at ANC and general outpatient visits, using the syndromic method of STI management.

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of adolescents with STI symptoms

• Appropriate treatment for condition Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
• Treatment of sex partners
• Microscopy culture and sensitivity
• Radiotherapy and chemotherapy for STIs that have progressed into cancer
• Surgical procedures where necessary.
• Medical imaging such as CT scan, MRI, ultrasound
• Perform Excisional biopsy

• Social and behavioural change communication
• School-based HIV education
• Peer-based HIV education
• Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) for AGYW and adolescent boys
• Mass media on HIV awareness
• Condom social marketing
• Structural interventions (policy, legal, Cash transfers and incentives)

• Safe sexual practice including condom use
• Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles
• Community-based outreach and testing

• Recognition of HIV/AIDS signs and symptoms
• HIV counselling and testing

• Support treatment adherence to ARV for HIV infected children
• Refills /Supply of antiretroviral
• Trace loss to follow-ups

• Self-management education
• Physical exercise
• Nutritional support

• Symptomatic relief for patients with untreatable advanced HIV diseases
• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Linkage with community based support groups

• Health education and risk reduction counselling

• Provider-initiated HIV testing
• Screening blood for HIV
• Oral PrEP
• Dapivirine vaginal ring
• Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Treatment of STIs
• Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
• Substance abuse treatment
• Needle exchange program

• History
• Physical examination
• Antibody/Antigen based RDT
• Clinical staging
• Complete blood count
• POC CD4 testing
• POC Viral load testing
• Chest radiograph
• Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay
• Rapid molecular diagnostic tests

• First-line antiretroviral therapy
• Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis
• TB preventive therapy
• Adverse drug reactions (ADR) monitoring
• Treat opportunistic infections
• Treat TB
• Nutritional support
• Adherence support
• Referral to higher level for advanced HIV infection, severe adverse effects, complications and non-compliance

• Self-management education
• Physical exercise
• Nutritional support

• Symptomatic relief for patients with untreatable advanced HIV diseases
• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Linkage with adolescent support groups

• Health education and risk reduction counselling

• Provider-initiated HIV testing
• Screening blood for HIV
• Oral PrEP
• Dapivirine vaginal ring
• Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Treatment of STIs
• Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
• Substance abuse treatment
• Needle exchange program

• History
• Physical examination
• Mental health assessment
• Antibody/antigen testing
• PCR based HIV testing
• Clinical staging
• Complete blood count
• CD4 testing
• Basic metabolic panel
• Viral load testing
• Chest radiograph
• HBV and HCV tests
• Ultrasound
• Cryptococcal antigen test
• Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay
• Rapid molecular diagnostic tests

• First-line antiretroviral therapy
• Second-line antiretroviral therapy
• Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis
• TB preventive therapy
• Fluconazole pre-emptive therapy
• Manage moderate to severe adverse reactions * Viral load monitoring
• Treat moderate to severe OIs
• Treat TB
• Manage co-morbidities (viral hepatitis, NCDs)
• Referral to higher level for to non-responders

• Self-management education
• Physical exercise
• Nutritional support

• Symptomatic relief for patients with untreatable advanced HIV diseases
• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Linkage with adolescent support groups

• Health education and risk reduction counselling

• Provider-initiated HIV testing
• Screening blood for HIV
• Oral PrEP
• Dapivirine vaginal ring
• Injectable long-acting cabotegravir
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Treatment of STIs
• Voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC)
• Substance abuse treatment
• Needle exchange program

• History
• Physical examination
• Mental health assessment
• HIV counselling and testing
• PCR based HIV testing
• Clinical staging
• Complete blood count
• CD4 testing
• Basic metabolic panel
• Viral load testing
• Chest radiograph
• HBV and HCV tests
• Ultrasound
• Cryptococcal antigen test
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT)

• Second-line antiretroviral therapy
• Third-line antiretroviral therapy
• Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis
• TB preventive therapy
• Fluconazole pre-emptive therapy
• Manage severe adverse reactions * Viral load monitoring
• Management of severe opportunistic infections
• Treat TB
• Manage co-morbidities (viral hepatitis, NCDs)
• Intensive care as clinically indicated
• Linkage to care and non-medical support

• Self-management education
• Physical exercise
• Nutritional support

• Symptomatic relief for patients with untreatable advanced HIV diseases
• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Linkage with adolescent support groups

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• Home based supervision of adolescents with confirmed Gonococcal diagnosis for treatment compliance
• Referral of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment
• Referral of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis to next level for examination and treatment

• Referral of women and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment
• Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals

Psychological support for people with infertility

• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or Cefixime Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia
• Treatment of sex partners

Referral of women and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment

Psychological support for people with infertility

• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Investigation and treatment of men and women with infertility
• Investigation and treatment of men with urethral stricture

• Psychological support for people with infertility

• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of males with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Investigation and treatment of men and women with infertility
• Investigation and treatment of men with urethral stricture

Psychological support for people with infertility

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices
• School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices
• School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Screening of female adolescents for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers
• Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse to appropriate authorities

Home based supervision of adolescents with confirmed genital herpes diagnosis for treatment compliance Referral of adolescents with genital/perianal vesicles/ulcers to next level for examination and treatment

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovir
• Treatment of sex partners

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir
• Treatment of sex partners

Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir Treatment of sex partners

• Community-based awareness campaign on sanitation, hygiene, and safe water supply
• Community mobilisation for routine immunisation

• Good sanitation and hygiene practices
• Safe water supply
• Danger signs recognition
• Preventive zinc supplements

• Recognition of diarrhoea signs and symptoms
• Recognition of danger signs of dehydration

• Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution
• Oral sugar-salt solution
• Nutrient-rich foods including
• Zinc supplements
• Immediate transfer of severe cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea

• Access to safe drinking water
• Use of improved sanitation
• Hand washing with soap
• Early recognition and action on danger signs
• Preventive zinc supplements

• History
• Physical examination
• Stool exam for ova and parasites
• Serological assays

• Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution
• Intravenous hydration
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Zinc supplements
• Nutrient-rich foods
• Immediate transfer of severe or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea

• Access to safe drinking water
• Use of improved sanitation
• Hand washing with soap

• Stool culture
• Blood culture

• Intravenous hydration
• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
• Zinc supplements

• Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea

• Access to safe drinking water
• Use of improved sanitation
• Hand washing with soap

• Stool culture
• Blood culture

• Intravenous hydration
• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
• Zinc supplements

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices
• School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Community health wrkers sensitization on chlamydia including prevention measures

• Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices
• School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Screening of female adolescents for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers
• Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse to appropriate authorities

• Referral of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment
• Referral of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis to next level for examination and treatment
• Home based supervision of adolescents with confirmed Chlamydia diagnosis for treatment compliance

• Referral of women and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment (adolescent)
• Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals (adolescent)

• Psychological support for people with infertility

• Examination and investigation of female adolescents with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of male adolescents with mucopurulent urethritis for sexually transmitted infections

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostics tests
  - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in women (adolescent females in this case)
  - Urine culture-especially in men (adolescent male in this case)
• Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics
• Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course
• Referral

• Referral of women and men with infertility to hospitals for investigation and treatment (adolescent)
• Referral of men with suspected urethral stricture to hospitals (adolescent)

• Psychological support for people with infertility

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostics tests
  - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in women (female adolescents in this case)
  - Urine culture-especially in men (male aldolescents in this case)
• Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics
• Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course
• Referral

• Investigation and treatment of men and women with infertility (adolescent)
• Investigation and treatment of men with urethral stricture (adolescent)

• Psychological support for people with infertility

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostics tests
  - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in women (female adolescents in this case)
  - Urine culture-especially in men (male aldolescents in this case)
• Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics
• Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course
• Referral

• Investigation and treatment of men and women with infertility (adolescent)
• Investigation and treatment of men with urethral stricture (adolescent)

• Psychological support for people with infertility

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Able to conduct NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test
• Able to conduct Overall assessment, diagnosis and identification of phase of severity
• Management of non-severe dengue without warning signs by providing medical advice, supervising rest and drinking of plenty of fluids and prescribing of Paracetamol

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based programmes

• In addition to primary care interventions
• Conduct virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test, ELISA and in addition for IgA by IHS and neutralization assays.
• Implement case management decisions for severe dengue with warning signs (Group B and C) including treatment of profound/ compensated shock, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, ensure glucose control, hemorrhagic complications

Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based programmes

Conduct virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test, ELISA and in addition for IgA by IHS and neutralization assays. Implement case management decisions for severe dengue with warning signs (Group B and C) including treatment of profound/ compensated shock, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, ensure glucose control, hemorrhagic complications In addition to primary care interventions

• Community awareness and education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis to promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities.

• Primary prevention through

• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through
• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through
• Community screening of patients with scrotal swelling. Either the patient himself or a community health worker identifies scrotal swelling and the patient is referred or reports to a level II facility
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams

• Tertiary prevention
• Counseling- Occupational and physiotherapy

• Community awareness and education
• Education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis
• Promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities

• Primary prevention

• Diagnosis
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics

• Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

• Tertiary prevention
• Counseling - Occupational and physiotherapy

• Primary prevention

• Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
• Management of Hydrocele through surgery

• Tertiary prevention
• Counseling - Occupational and physiotherapy

• Primary prevention

• Diagnosis
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams

• Management of Hydrocele through surgery
• Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

• Counseling
• Occupational and physiotherapy
• Tertiary prevention

• Adolescents and Families education on transmission and prevention of Diphtheria
• Community education on proper nutrition for adolescents
• Proper sanitation
• Promoting proper planning especially in urban areas to avoid over-crowding through multi sector al approach
• Community health workers education on Diphtheria including prevention and recognition of signs of Diphtheria adolescents

• Recognition of features of Diphtheria in adolescents which include: _ sore throat, low fever and swollen glands in the neck, a thick coating in the throat or nose, hoarse voice
• Supportive management for adolescents with Diphtheria - Plenty of rest
• Proper nutrition for adolescents with diphtheria
• Recognition of features of worsening condition due to diphtheria – such as shortness of breath
• Referral to a health facility of adolescent with suspected diphtheria

• Information/education on transmission and prevention of diphtheria
• Creation of awareness on importance on immunization
• Education on proper nutrition for school age children
• School health programs
• Provision of IEC materials through schools and communities
• Training/sensitizing health workforce on diphtheria and its management
• Update/training of health care workers on immunization as recommended in national immunization schedules

• Routine vaccination (booster vaccination) for diphtheria according to the national schedule
• Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria

• (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap)

• Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
• Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms

• History and Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in school age children -based on signs and symptoms of diphtheria - including - Fever
• Supportive management to school age children with diphtheria to Relieve common symptoms

• Relieve fever with anti pyretics/analgesics such as paracetamol and ibuprofen

• Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine for school age children who have not been vaccinated or have not completed the appropriate course

• Provide nutritional support for the school age children with diphtheria

• Monitoring and recognition for any features of worsening of diphtheria in school age children which includes
• Emergency care with an aim of stabilizing the child with complications due to diphtheria before referral
• Shortness of breath/breathing difficulties
• Referral of the child with diphtheria to a hospital

• Guidance to adolescents on prevention of diphtheria
• Guidance to adolescents on hygiene practices
• Education on importance of immunization
• Guidance to adolescents on proper nutrition
• Health workers education on management of diphtheria among adolescents

• Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
• Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
• Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms

• History Clinical examination Isolation Respiratory droplet isolation of adolescents patients with respiratory diphtheria and contact precautions for those with cutaneous diphtheria
• Antitoxin treatment with DAT immediately diphtheria is strongly suspected in adolescents (without waiting for lab results)
• Antibiotic treatment (penicillin or erythromycin) to eliminate the bacteria and toxin production
• Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine during convalescence for adolescents who have not been immunized previously/have who had not completed the appropriate course

• Tests, nasal/pharyngeal swabs for culture

• Physical and Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in children under 5 years
• Monitor and management of any diphtheria complications such as obstruction of the airways, systemic diphtheria -to the heart, kidney/peripheral nerves of age. -based on signs and symptoms of diphtheria including; - Fever
• Emergency management for diphtheria complication such as airway obstructions

• Guidance to adolescents on hygiene practices
• Guidance to adolescents on prevention of diphtheria
• Education on importance of immunization
• Guidance to adolescents on proper nutrition
• Health workers education on management of diphtheria among adolescents

• Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers
• • Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria
• Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts
• Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
• Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series

• Tests, nasal/pharyngeal swabs for culture

• Antitoxin treatment with DAT immediately diphtheria is strongly suspected in adolescents (without waiting for lab results)
• Antibiotic treatment (penicillin or erythromycin) to eliminate the bacteria and toxin production
• Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine during convalescence for adolescents who have not been immunized previously/have who had not completed the appropriate course<
• Isolation. Respiratory droplet isolation of adolescents patients with respiratory diphtheria and contact precautions for those with cutaneous diphtheria
• Monitor and management of any diphtheria complications such as obstruction of the airways, systemic diphtheria -to the heart, kidney/peripheral nerves
• Physical and Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in children under 5 years of age. -based on signs and symptoms of diphtheria including; - Fever

• Awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Health Education on Hepatitis B
• Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms),
• Awareness creation on other risky behaviours such as illicit drugs and sharing needles and other sharp objects; no sharing personal items
• Distribution of IEC materials on Heaptitis B
• condom distribution
• Promote testing for HBV and for HIV/AIDs
• Provide Hepatitis B testing services.
• Community health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B vaccination for adolescents not vaccinated at birth
• Screening the adolescents at high Risk. - Adolescents living with someone who has hepatitis B - Those with a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV - Gay adolescents - Adolescents with multiple sexual partners. - Those who inject illegal drugs or share needles and syringes - Adolescents planning to travel to an area of the world with a high prevalence of Hep B

• Recognition of features on Hepatitis B infection in adolescents such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, tiredness, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
• Supportive management F adolescents with Hepatitis B
• Relieve of pain with painkillers
• Provision of Healthy diet to the adolescents.
• Plenty of fluids.
• Encourage Exercises.
• Encourage the adolescent with suspected Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest
• Referral to a health facility

• Health education on risk factors for viral hepatitis and preventive measures

• Universal precaution
• Hepatitis B Screening for high risk persons
• Hepatitis B vaccination
• Safe blood donation
• Safe injection practices
• Eliminate unnecessary injections

• History
• Physical examination
• Rapid diagnostic tests
• Urine tests

• Provision of high caloric diet
• Adequate of fluids
• Restricted physical activity
• Avoid hepatotoxic drugs
• Referral to next level health facility

• Awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Health Education on Hepatitis B
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms),
• Awareness creation on other risky behaviours such as illicit drugs and sharing needles and other sharp objects; no sharing personal items
• Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week
• Distribution of IEC materials on Heaptitis B
• condom distribution
• Promote testing for HBV and for HIV/AIDs
• Provide Hepatitis B testing services.
• Health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Screening for Hepatitis B for adolescents at risk e.g those living with someone who has hepatitis B, those with multiple sexual partners, with STIs
• Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes

• Physical examination,Clinical examination and diagnosis of Hepatitis B
• Supportive management for patients with Acute Hepatitis B
• Provision of Healthy diet - Plenty of fluids - Encourage Exercises-
• Encourage the patient with Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest
• Relieve of pain with painkillers
• Admission for patient with severe Acute Hepatitis B
• Administer anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B to prevent complications
• Monitoring and management of any complications including acute Liver failure
• Follow up
• Investigations
• Blood tests to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
• Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)Test for Chronic Hepatitis B indicated by persistent Hepatitis B surface antigen for at least 6 months - Test for Hepatitis A and C - Liver ultrasound - Liver Biopsy

• Awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Health Education on Hepatitis B
• Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms),
• Awareness creation on other risky behaviours such as illicit drugs and sharing needles and other sharp objects; no sharing personal items
• Distribution of IEC materials on Heaptitis B
• condom distribution
• Promote testing for HBV and for HIV/AIDs
• Provide Hepatitis B testing services.
• Health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Screening for Hepatitis B for adolescents at risk e.g those living with someone who has hepatitis B; those with multiple sexual partners; with STIs;
• Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes

• Physical examination
• Clinical examination and diagnosis of Hepatitis B
• Supportive management for patients with Acute Hepatitis B
• Provision of Healthy diet
• Plenty of fluids
• Encourage Exercises-
• Encourage the patient with Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest
• Relieve of pain with painkillers
• Admission for patient with severe Acute Hepatitis B
• Administer anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B to prevent complications
• Monitoring and management of any complications including acute Liver failure
• Follow up
• Investigations
• Blood tests to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
• Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)Test for Chronic Hepatitis B indicated by persistent Hepatitis B surface antigen for at least 6 months
• Test for Hepatitis A and C -
• Liver ultrasound-
• Liver Biopsy

• Create community awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors:
• Individuals and families education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV
• Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals Individuals, families and community education on proper hygiene measures
• Advice on Improved sanitation
• Sensitize communities on use of clean, safe water
• Community health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis A including prevention measure

• Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through Observation of personal hygiene practices such as;
• Regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
• Proper disposal of human waste within communities
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant

• Recognition of possible features of Hepatitis A including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
• Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsen
• Supportive Home remedies;
• Plenty of rest
• Plenty of fluids/hydration
• Advise on avoidance of alcohol as these can worsen the effects of HAV on the liver
• Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsen

• Create community awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors
• Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals
• Sensitize communities on use of clean, safe water
• Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAD
• Individuals, families and community education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitation
• Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management

• Advice on on the following to Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others
• Proper hand hygiene
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk groups;-
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use illegal drugs
• People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
• People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors

• Physical and Clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis A based on signs and symptoms fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
• Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms)
• Advice on home remedies;
• Plenty of rest
• Plenty of fluids/hydration
• Monitor for any worsening of the condition/any complications
• Referral to a hospital if symptoms worsen

• Create awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors among the adolescents
• Provide Education on proper hygiene measures
• Advice on Improved sanitation
• Sensitize communities on use of clean, safe water
• Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals
• Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV
• Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management

• Advice on personal hygiene, hand hygiene and proper food cooking
• Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk grow ;
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use illegal drugs
• People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
• People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors.

• Physical and Clinical examination
• Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms)
• Investigations
• Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA
• Liver function tests
• Test also for hepatitis B and C
• Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)

• Create awareness on Hepatitis A including risk factors among the adolescents
• Create awareness on the benefits of immunization, particularly in high-risk individuals
• Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV
• Provide Education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitationSensitize communities on use of clean, safe water
• Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management

• Advice on personal hygiene; hand hygiene; proper food cooking
• Hepatitis A Vaccine before exposure to targeted at risk grow
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use illegal drugs
• People with impaired immune systems or chronic liver disease
• People with blood-clotting disorders who receive clotting factors.

• Physical and Clinical examination
• Relieve any symptom -fever; dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms )
• Investigations -
• Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood -
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA
• Liver function tests
• Test also for hepatitis B and C
• Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)

• Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures
• Education on good hygiene practices
• Improve access to clean and safe drinking water
• Strategies to address poverty especially for resource poor areas Improve access to good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities including in congregate populations
• Improve access to health services
• Strategies to reduce overcrowding such as in refugee camps where sanitation and safe water supply pose special challenges
• Community health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures

• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation.
• Proper disposal of human waste /feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases

• Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis E including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, itching (without skin lesions), yellow color of the skin and whiteness of the eyes, with dark urine and pale stools ( Hepatitis E—Most common in this age group)
• Supportive treatment including; - proper nutrition - Adequate rest
• Relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens (hepatitis E—Most common in this age group)

• Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease,the transmission mode and preventive measures
• Education on good hygiene practices
• Improve access to clean and safe drinking waterImprove access to good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities including in congregate populations
• Strategies to address poverty especially for resource poor areas through multi-sectoral approach
• Improve access to health servicesStrategies to reduce overcrowding such as in refugee camps where sanitation and safe water supply pose special challengesIntersectoral collaboration to address social determinants of health e.g. Sanitation.
• Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures and management

• Guidance/education on - proper hygiene practices including - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation.

• Physical and clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis E based on signs and symptoms including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain, itching (without skin lesions),jaundice,with dark urine and pale stools
• Supportive treatment including; - proper nutrition - Adequate rest
• Relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens

• Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures to the adolescents.
• Guidance on good hygiene practices
• Guidance on use of clean and safe drinking water
• Awareness on good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities.
• Health workers education on Hepatitis E transmission, prevention and management

• Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including:
• Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Physical and clinical examination,Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination.
• Supportive treatment including:
• proper nutrition, * Adequate rest
• Relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Monitoring and management of any complications main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)
• N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease
• Rule out hepatitis A
• Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.

Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures to the adolescents. Guidance on good hygiene practicesGuidance on use of clean and safe drinking waterAwareness on good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities. Health workers education on Hepatitis E transmission, prevention and management

• Guidance /education on proper hygiene practices including:
• Proper disposal of human waste /feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Monitoring and management of any complications main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)
• N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease
• Supportive treatment including:
• proper nutrition,
• Adequate rest
• relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination.
• Rule out hepatitis A
• Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.

• Educate community to create awareness to identify diabetes symptoms early

• Physical activity/exercises for weight control
• Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
• Eating healthy diets, e.g. avoiding sugar and saturated fats
• Avoidance of tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

• Immediate transfer of suspected diabetes cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Home-based self-management rehabilitation
• Physical activity counselling and exercise training

• Psychosocial support
• Behavioural, mood, attitude, and emotional support to patients and family members
• Enrolment to support groups

• Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention

• Advice/guidance on Physical activity/exercises for weight control
• Advice on achieving maintaining a healthy body weight
• Advice on eating healthy diets, e.g. avoiding sugar and saturated fats
• Advice on avoidance of tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
• Screening for diabetes

• Healthy diet
• Physical activity
• Insulin
• Monitoring glycaemic control

• Self-management education
• Physical activity counselling and exercise training
• Provision and training in the use of assistive products

• Physical, emotional, social assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Enrolment to support groups

• Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention

• Diabetes-related eye examination
• Diabetes-related foot examination
• Diabetes-related neuropathy examination
• Diabetes-related kidney disease testing

• Healthy diet
• Physical activity
• Insulin
• Monitoring glycaemic control
• Prevent and treat diabetic ketoacidosis

• Self-management education
• Physical activity counselling and exercise training
• Provision and training in the use of assistive products

• Physical, emotional, social assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Enrolment to support groups

• Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention

• Diabetes-related eye examination
• Diabetes-related foot examination
• Diabetes-related neuropathy examination
• Diabetes-related kidney disease testing

• Healthy diet
• Physical activity
• Insulin
• Monitoring glycaemic control
• Prevent and treat diabetic ketoacidosis
• Monitor long-term complications
• Manage complications

• Self-management education
• Physical activity counselling and exercise training
• Provision and training in the use of assistive products

• Physical, emotional, social assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families
• Enrolment to support groups

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites.
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, immediate care measures after a bite.
• Community Health workers education on rabies ,prevention measures and its management

• Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. (multi-sectoral approach with veterinary departments)
• Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adolescents in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses; and adolescents whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Recognition of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include:if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species; the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behaviour, a wound was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated. The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• First aid to an adolescent following a deep bite or scratch from an animal suspected to have rabies, through extensive wound washing—i.e thorough flushing and washing of the wound for a minimum of 15 minutes with soap and water, detergent/anti septic’s such povidone iodine
• Relive any pain with pain killers such as paracetamol
• Immediate Referral to a health facility
• Report/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites.
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite.
• Health workers training on rabies , prevention measures and its management

• Advice and Referral to hospital for Pre-exposure immunization for adolescents in high-risk activities such as direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly.
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Physical and clinical examination
• Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• Immediate post exposure prophylaxis through Extensive washing, flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch
• Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Immediate Referral to a hospital for further management including Immunization of adolescents with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP)
• Integrated bite case management through alerting the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite.
• Health workers training on rabies,prevention measures and its management

• Immunization of adolescents with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) or before exposure
• Pre-exposure immunization is for adolescents in high-risk activities such as direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Physical and clinical examination,
• Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: * * if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva; the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of all categorized exposure assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies
• Extensive washing; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure ,Administration of rabies vaccine, the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated.
• Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies
• ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma
• Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantine the animal

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite.
• Health workers training on rabies,prevention measures and its management

• Immunization of adolescents with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) or before exposure
• Pre-exposure immunization is for adolescents in high-risk activities such as direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Physical and clinical examination,
• Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva; the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of all categorised exposures assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies;
  • Extensive washing ; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure;
  • Administration of rabies vaccine
  • the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated.
• Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies
• ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma
• Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantine the animal

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures
• Awareness creation on yellow fever vaccination
• Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• Education on vector/mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Community health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Promote Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease through
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Promote vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites.
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Recognition of features indicative of yellow fever including fever, headache, yellowing of the skin and eyes, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and fatigue
• Relieve symptoms through
• Relieve fever through use medicines such as paracetamol
• Relieve pain through use of painkillers such as paracetamol
• Give fluids to the patient
• Referral to a health facility for further management

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures
• Awareness creation on yellow fever vaccination
• Education on vector/mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials on Yellow fever
• Mass awareness campaigns on yellow fever
• Health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures
• Awareness on yellow fever vaccination
• Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• Education on vector/mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease
• mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Physiacl examination
• clinical diagnosis based on the patient's signs and symptoms, the travel history (when and where), the related travel activities and vaccine history
• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including Relive pain and fever
• Monitoring and specific management of the disease depending on the severity including
• • Oxygen administration
• • Intravenous fluid administration for dehydration
• • Blood pressure control -medications to increase collection/blood_pressure in cases of circulatory collapse
• • transfusion of blood products in cases of severe bleeding
• • Antibiotics for secondary bacterial_infections
• • • Management for any complication due to AEFI with yellow fever vaccine
• Diagnostic Tests- Blood tests to detect the virus in the early stages of the disease or demonstrate the presence of virus-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) in late stages of yellow fever.
• Referral to specilsed hospital for further managemnent eg for dialysis ; ICU services as may be indicated

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures ** Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• • Education on vector /mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Vaccination for life-long protection against yellow fever disease
• mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk
• Vaccination for travelers going to yellow fever endemic areas
• Yellow fever disease surveillance and Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Guidance on Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Physical examination
• clinical diagnosis based on the patient's signs and symptoms, the travel history (when and where), the related travel activities and vaccine history
• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including
• Relive pain and fever
• Monitoring and specific management of the disease depending on the severity including
• • Oxygen administration
• • Intravenous fluid administration for dehydration
• • Blood pressure control -medications to increase collection/blood_pressure in cases of circulatory collapse
• · transfusion of blood products in cases of severe bleeding
• • Antibiotics for secondary bacterial_infections_
• • ICU services for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in cases of respiratory failure
• Management for any complication due to AEFI with yellow fever vaccine
• Diagnostic Tests;- Blood tests to detect the virus in the early stages of the disease or demonstrate the presence of virus-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) in late stages of yellow fever.
• Follow up

• Create awareness to adolescents and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• Education to adolesents on Hepatitis C
• Education to adolescents on safe sex practices
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Community health workers sensitization on Hepatitis C, including transmission & prevention measures

• Guidance to adolescents on Avoiding sharing personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers)
• Guidance to adolescents on Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Avoiding sharing personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers)
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening for Hepatitis C infection

• Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis C in adolescents including fever, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes
• Supportive Home therapies for adolescents with Hepatitis C including - proper nutrition - Plenty of fluids - plenty of rest - relieve pain
• Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsens

• Community Rehabilitation centers for adolescent at risk e.g for provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to adults who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence

Primary prevention measures,Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections

• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Training of health personnel
• Guidance on Safe sex practices-prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Provision comprehensive harm-reduction services to adolescents who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening for hepatitis C infection

• Supportive therapies for adolescents with Hepatitis C including; proper nutrition - fluids therapy - plenty of rest - relieve of pain - physical and clincal examination
• Diagnosis of hepatitis C in adolescents based on signs and symptoms including fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes.
• Monitor for any complications
• Referral to a hospital if symptoms worsens

• Create awareness to adolescents and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to adolescents who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Education to adolescents on safe sex practices
• Distribution of IEC materuials on Hepatitis C
• Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission, prevention measures

• Primary prevention measures
• Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and wastencluding to those at risk.
• Training of health personnel on hepatitis C
• Guidance/eduvation on Safe sex practices
• Secondary prevention measures
• Screening, for hepatitis C infection
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnosis of hepatitis C in elderly based on signs and symptoms
• Supportive therapies to elderly with Hepatitis C including; - proper nutrition;
• fluids therapy - Adequate rest - relieve pain
• Administration of Antiviral therapy (use of pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic HCV) after careful assessment
• Serological tests for anti-HCV antibodies (hepatitis C antibody test)
• Diagnostic tests
• Monitoring for progression to Chronic Hepatitis C
• Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis and management of any complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) to confirm chronic infection

• Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission & ; prevention measures
• Create awareness to adolescents and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to adolescents who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence;
• Education to adolescents on safe sex practices
• Distribution of IEC materuials on Hepatitis C

• Training of health personnel on hepatitis C
• Guidance /eduvation on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Primary prevention measures
  • Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
  • Safe handling and disposal of sharps and wastencluding to those at risk.

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostic tests
• Serological tests for anti-HCV antibodies (hepatitis C antibody test)
• Nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) to confirm chronic infection
• Diagnosis of hepatitis C in elderly based on signs and symptoms
• Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis and management of any complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Supportive therapies to elderly with Hepatitis C including
• proper nutrition;
• fluids therapy
• Adequate rest;
• relieve pain
• Monitoring for progression to Chronic Hepatitis C
• Administration of Antiviral therapy (use of pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic HCV) after careful assessment
• Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis and management of any complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer

• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members
• Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment
• Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Multi-sect oral approach in addressing leprosy
• Community Health workers sensitization on Leprosy

• Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
• Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
• Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)

• Physical and clinical examination
• Identification of a presumptive leprosy case based on signs including
• presence of pale (lighter than normal skin) or Hypo pigmented skin patches,
• Numbness in the hands and feet,
• Weakness and difficulty in normal movement of fingers/thumb/wrist/toes/ankles or eyelids;
• Painless injuries, blisters, burns or ulcers in hands and feet,
• presence of deformities such as clawing of fingers/ thumb, clawing of toes or inability to close eyes properly*
• care for the patient with Leprosy including Care of Eyes; care of hands and feet; guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear
• Follow up
• Guidance and Ensuring adherence to treatment for known leprosy patients
• Referral of a patient suspected to have Leprosy to a health facility for management
• Supporting a known leprosy patient Ensure adherence to medicines

• Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services
• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups –such groups encourage each other on self care needs
• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities
• Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy through a multi sectoral approach

• Psycho social and counseling support services for adolescents affected by leprosy and their families

• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members
• Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment
• Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms, and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy
• Health workers training on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management

• Guidance to adolescents to avoid close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities

• physical and clinical examination
• Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs:
• Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch *
• Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve*
• Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment
• Prevention and management of disabilities.
• Hospital admission
• Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT)
• Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network.

• Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services
• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups–such groups encourage each other on self care needs
• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities
• Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy
• Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services
• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups –such groups encourage each other on self care needs
• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities

• Provide psycho social and counseling support services for adolescents affected by leprosy and their families

• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms, and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy
• Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members
• Health workers training on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management

• • Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding
• Contact tracing
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities

• physical and clinical examination
• Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs:
• Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch *
• Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve*
• Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment
• Prevention and management of disabilities.
• Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT)
• Hospital admission
• Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network.

• Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma

• Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services

• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups –such groups encourage each other on self care needs

• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities

• Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy

• Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma

• Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services

• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups–such groups encourage each other on self care needs

• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities

• Provide psycho social and counseling support services for adolescents affected by leprosy and their families

• Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems
• Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil
• Community Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures

• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for adolescents

• Identification of features/signs indicative of ascariasis including, history of passage of a live worm in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, fever
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment

• Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Guidance to adolescents on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Guidance to adolescents on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for adolescents

• Physical and clinical examination,
• Clinical diagnosis of ascariasi, history of passage of a live worm in faeces abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever
• Supportive therapy including;
• Relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers;
• Nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Lab Diagnostic test Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the ascarisis eggs
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Follow up and prevention of complications e.g.breathing complications
• Referral to hospital for management of any complications such as breathing complications

• Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Guidance to adolescents on primary prevention measures incluidng;
• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• promote good nutrition for adolescents

• Anthelmintic
• Steroids for complication
• Surgery for obstruction

• Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Guidance to adolescents on primary prevention measures incluidng :

• • Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• • proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• • Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• • Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for adolescents

• Anthelmintic
• Steroids for complication
• Surgery for obstruction

• Awareness Creation communities on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Health education activities to increase community awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization including vaccination schedules Distribution of IEC materials
• Training the community Health workers on tetanus, including prevention measures/on vaccination, detection of tetanus

• Advice to adolescents on proper wound care
• Proper care for minor Wounds-thorough cleaning of the wound and covering to prevent infections
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of tetanus in the adolescents including jaw cramping or the inability to open the mouth (lock jaw), muscle spasms often in the back, abdomen and extremities, sudden painful muscle spasms often triggered by sudden noises, trouble swallowing, seizures, Headache, fever and sweating
• Immediate referral to a health facility for adolescents suspected to have tetanus

• Home based/community based physical therapy rehabilitation for muscle movements

• Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Awareness Creation among adolescents on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Creation of awareness on importance of /child vaccination and on vaccination schedule
• Distribution of IEC materials on Tetanus
• Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents

• Booster Tetanus vaccination Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine /Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes - Proper wound care - Post exposure TT vaccination
• School based health programs including TT vaccination
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
• Outreach activities in order to increase TT immunization coverage

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features
• Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)
• Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti pyretic
• Proper wound care
• Immediate referralof the Patient to a hospital for management

• Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Awareness Creation among adolescents on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents

• Post exposure vaccination for adolescents with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine
• Proper wound care for the adolescents
• Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features
• Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in adolescents who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)**
• Supportive therapy-Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti-pyretic
• Immediate admission for adolescents with tetanus (Tetanus is a medical emergency)
• Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
• Prevention and management of any complications such as respiratory failure
• • Aggressive wound care for the adolescents with tetanus
• Management/control of muscle spasms
• Administration of antibiotics
• Tetanus Vaccination for the adolescents who have recovered from tetanus since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity
• referral to specialised hosptals for further managemnet eg Intensive care services to manage any complications/severe tetanus eg for ventilation
• Follow up

• Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements

• • Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Awareness Creation among adolescents on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents

• Post exposure vaccination for adolescents with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine
• Proper wound care for the adolescents
• Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting

• • Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features
• Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in adolescents who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)**
• Supportive therapy-Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti-pyretic
• Immediate admission for adolescents with tetanus (Tetanus is a medical emergency)
• Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
• Aggressive wound care for the adolescents with tetanus
• Prevention and management of any complications such as respiratory failure
• Intensive care services to manage any complications/severe tetanus eg for ventilation
• Management/control of muscle spasms
• Administration of antibiotics
• Tetanus Vaccination for the adolescents who have recovered from tetanus since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity
• Follow up

• Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements

• • Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Health education for adolescents on trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems
• Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil
• Community Health workers training on trichuriasis including prevention measures

• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Practicing proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Avoidance of contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faeces
• Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for adolescents

• Identification of features/signs indicative of trichuriasis including frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water, and blood, abdominal pain the diarrhea typically has a pungent smell
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition
• Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment

• Health education for adolescents on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human feaces
• Health workers education on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis based on features such as including frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water and blood, abdominal distension, abdominal pain The diarrhea typically has a pungent smell
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers; nutritional support (proper nutrition
• Lab Diagnostic test-Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the trichuris eggs
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole Physicaland clinical examination
• Referral to hospital for management of complications due to trichuriasis including iron

• Health education for adolescents on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Guidence to adolescents on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Guidanceadolescents on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for adolescents

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, history of passage of a live worm, in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers; nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Diagnostic tests
• Microscopy–stool for identifying trichuris eggs
• Endoscopy to see adult worms in GIT
• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, based on history of passage of a live worm in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing or fever
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Prevention and management of complications e.g iron deficiency anaemia, rectal prolapse

• Health education for adolescents on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• • Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents

• Guidence to adolescents on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Guidance adolescents on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Provide guidance on good nutrition for adolescents

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, based on history of passage of a live worm in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing or fever
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers; nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Diagnostic tests

• Microscopy–stool for identifying trichuris eggs
• Endoscopy to see adult worms in GIT

• Prevention and management of complications e.g iron deficiency anaemia, rectal prolapse

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Refer people with suspected iodine deficiency next level for further assessment and management
• Follow up cases of iodine deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine
• Plan for surgery in cases with large goiters

• Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine
• Plan for surgery in cases with large goiters

• Education on good nutrition for women and importance of antenatal care when pregnant
• Education on importance of regular medical checkups to ensure that women are in good health before embarking on a pregnancy

• Education on good nutrition for women and importance of antenatal care when pregnant
• Education on importance of regular medical checkups to ensure that women are in good health before embarking on a pregnancy
• Provide general medical check-up service for women who are considering a pregnancy

• Provide treatment for non-pregnant women who are found to have pre-existing medical conditions before becoming pregnant

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes
• Guidance to adolescents on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables.
• Vitamin A supplemnts
• Refer people with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management
• Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Education on nutritious and healthy eating

• Physical and clinical assessmnet
• Guidance to adolescents on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables.
• Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts
• Treating underlying causes /conditions
• Follow up

• Physical and clinical assessmnet
• Guidance to adolescents on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables.
• Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts
• Treating underlying causes /conditions
• Follow up

• Refer people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection to next level for assessment

• Immediate transfer of suspected cancer cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Psychosocial support for people diagnosed with the disease
• Supervision of people diagnosed with the condition for compliance with management

• Community and home-based care for providing pain relief
• Psychosocial support to patients and their families

• Refer people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection where benign causes have been excluded to hospital for assessment

• Physical therapy

• Immediate transfer of suspected cancer cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Psychosocial support for people diagnosed with the condition

• Palliative care for providing relief of pain and other associated symptoms
• Psychosocial support to patients and their families

• Chemotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Bone marrow or Stem cell transplantation
• Radiotherapy

• Physical therapy
• Occupational therapy

• Palliative care for providing relief of pain and other associated symptoms
• Psychosocial support to patients and their families

• Health and Wellness education on diet management, regular exercise, weight management, reduced exposure to radiation, reducing alcohol intake and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke
• Pursue intersectoral collaborations, with Ministry of Agriculture and its agencies, that make nutritious food sources available and affordable
• Pursue intersectoral collaborations with Ministry of Environment that reduce exposure to sources of radiation

• Teach Self Breast
• Teach Self Breast Examinations at schools, community gatherings, religious gatherings and through the print and electronic media

• Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle
• Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment

• Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices
• Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres

• Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) offered during all Primary Care visits
• Breast Ultrasound scans for investigating pathologies picked up from Clinical Breast Examinations

• Early Detection through annual mammography, CBE at every visit and Breast
• Ultrasonography to investigate pathologies picked up by mammography and CBE.
• Followed by prompt referral for Incisional biopsy by Specialist Surgical Teams at Hospital Level

• Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles

• Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centers

• Institute Specialist teams to offer a combination of Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy depending on the stage of the condition;
• Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ (DCIS) – Surgery and Radiotherapy Local Carcinoma-In-Situ (LCIS) (classic) – Surgical Excision only LCIS (pleomorphic) – Surgery and Chemotherapy * Early Stage Cancer (Stages I and II) – Pre-Operative Chemotherapy, Surgery and Radiotherapy
• Locally Advanced Cancer (Stage III) – Pre-Operative Chemotherapy, Surgery, Post -Operative
• Radiotherapy and Post-Operative Chemotherapy Metastatic Cancer (Stage IV) – Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Surgery is not recommended
• Paget’s Disease of the Nipple – Surgery only

• Institute Specialist teams to offer a combination of Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy depending on the stage of the condition
• Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ (DCIS) – Surgery and Radiotherapy

• Institute Specialist teams to offer reconstructive plastic surgery after mastectomies

• Guidance on Preventive measures which involves healthy habits such as:
• Eat healthy and nutritious food
• Avoidance of alcohol
• exercises
• Visit doctor for regular examination
• screening for Breast cancer eg through physical examination
• Guidance on self breast examination

• Physical and clinical examination
• supportive managemnet including:
• pain relieve
• Nutritionla support
• Admission where necessary
• managemnet of opportunitsic infections
• Management of any underlying conditions
• Monitoring and managemnet of any complications
• Blood transfusions if indicated
• Oxygen therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Surgical interventions
• Radiotherapy
• Hormonal therapy
• INtensive care unit services
• Follow up invclidng counselling for compliance with treatmnent
• INVESTIGATIONS /diagnostics
• Mamograms
• Blood tests
• Biopsy
• Other tests eg to check for metastasis
• x-rays eg chest r-ray
• CT scan
• MRI
• Ultra-sound
• PET scan
• Mammmography
• Gene testing -BRCA testing for women with high risk of breast cancer

• Physiotherapy/
• exercises
• Reconstructive plastic surgery after mastectomies

• Health and Wellness education on diet management, regular exercise, weight management, reduced exposure to radiation, reducing alcohol intake and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke
• Reproductive health education on the benefit of reduced sexual partners and use of condoms
• Pursue intersectoral collaborations, with Ministry of Agriculture and its

• Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
• Absitence from sex for the aldolesents or safe sex practices (use of condom)
• avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
• Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods, abnormal discharge
• Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination through outrteaches to community level

• Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle

• Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices
• Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres

• create awareness on cervix-uteri cancer; risk factors and prevention measures
• Health and Wellness education on;-
• diet management,
• regular exercise, weight management,
• reduced exposure to radiation,
• reducing alcohol intake and
• avoiding smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke
• Reproductive health education on the benefit safe sex practices including use of condoms

• Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
• Absitence from sex for the aldolesents or safe sex practices (use of condom)
• avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
• Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods; abnormal discharge HPV vaccine

• Physical and clinical examination
• prompt referral to hospital for management
• Follow up on adherence to treatmemt
• Screening for cervical cancer

• Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles

• Psycho social support for patient and their family members or care givers
• Counseling for the patient and familiy members
• Spiritual support

• Create awareness on cervix-uteri cancer, risk factors and prevention measures
• Health and Wellness education on
• diet management,
• regular exercise, weight management,
• reduced exposure to radiation,
• reducing alcohol intake and
• avoiding smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke
• Reproductive health education on the benefit safe sex practices including use of condoms

• Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
• Absitence from sex for the aldolesents or safe sex practices (use of condom)
• avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
• Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods, abnormal discharge
• HPV vaccination

• Stages IA1 and IA2 – Surgery (Modified Radical Hysterectomy, Lymphadenectomy) and Brachytherapy
• Stages IB1, IB2, IIA1 – Open Radical Hysterectomy or Brachytherapy, External Pelvic Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy where surgery may not be indicated
• Stages IB3, IIA2, IIB, III, IVA – External Pelvic Radiation, Brachytherapy and Chemotherapy.
• Stage IVB and Recurrent Cancers – Chemotherapy

• Palliatve pain relief
• Set up publicly run hospices
• Psycho social support for patient and their family members or care givers
• Counseling for the patient and familiy members
• Spiritual support

• Create awareness on cervix-uteri cancer, risk factors and prevention measures
• Health and Wellness education on
• diet management,
• regular exercise, weight management,
• reduced exposure to radiation,
• reducing alcohol intake and
• avoiding smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke
• Reproductive health education on the benefit safe sex practices including use of condoms

• Guidance on primary prevention measures incluing :
• Absitence from sex for the aldolesents or safe sex practices (use of condom)
• avoidance of smoking (benzyenes are known to damage the cervix)
• Guidance on self observance and taking note of any unusual symptoms eg bleeding between periods; abnormal discharge
• HPV vaccination

• Physical and clinical examination
• supportive managemnet including:
• pain relieve
• Nutritionla support
• Admission where necessary
• managemnet of opportunitsic infections
• Management of any underlying conditions
• INVESTIGATIONS /diagnostics
• screening -PAP smear
• colscopic examination
• Blood tests
• Biopsy
• Other tests eg to check for metastasis
• x-rays
• CT scan
• PET scan
• Monitoring and managemnet of any complications
• Blood transfusions
• Oxygen therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Surgical interventions eg hysterectomy;
• Brachytherapy
• Radiotherapy
• INtensive care unit services
• Follow up invclidng counselling for compliance with treatmnent

• Palliatve pain relief
• Set up publicly run hospices
• Psycho social support for patient and their family members or care givers
• Counseling for the patient and familiy members
• Spiritual support

• Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle
• Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment

• Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices
• Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres

• Routine PAP Smears with referrals for hospital care of those with endometrial cells identified on smear

• Early Detection through clinical awareness, colposcopy and endometrial biopsy.
• Prompt referral for hospital care for those with results positive for malignancies

• Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles

• Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centres

• Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) during consultations and Physical Examinations
• Breast Ultrasound scans for pathologies elicited from CBE
• Advanced Imaging – Co
• Genetic screening to pick up mutations in Breast Cancer genes

• Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy)
• Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done
• Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations

• Breast Ultrasound scans for pathologies elicited from CBE
• Advanced Imaging – Co
• Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) during consultations and Physical Examinations
• Genetic screening to pick up mutations in Breast Cancer genes

• Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy)
• Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done
• Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations

• IEC on African trypanosomiasis to all age cohorts

• The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly.

• Primary prevention emasures *

• Fly control measures

• clear bushes.

• Use insect repellent,

• vector control using a multisectoral appraoch

• use of Protective clothings: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants of medium-weight material in neutral colors that blend with the background environment. (Tsetse flies are attracted to bright or dark colors, and they can bite through lightweight clothing).

• Inspection of places before entry eg cars --since the flies are attracted to bright lights eg car lights

• The use of trypanotolerant breeds for livestock farming should be considered if the disease is widespread.

• Fly control is another option but is difficult to implement.

• screening -The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis T. b. gambiense (CATT) is a serologic screening test used for population screening

• Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage.

• • Physical and clinical examinaton
• *Experienced staff to conduct clinical assessment For T.b. gambiense **
• Treatment under direct observation either through outpatient or as inpatients
• Admission/inpatient services
• Treatmnet with relevant medication first-line treatment or second line treatmnet aas indicated
• Management of relapses
• Mananagement of nay complications eg reduce the risk of encephalopathy
• Management of any adverse drug effects- eg Encephalopathy gastrointestinal and skin reactions, pyrexia, and peripheral neuropathy.
• Diagnostic tests
• Microscopy of fresh blood chancre fluid or lymph node aspirate
• Microscopy of celebral spinal fluid (CSF) (wet preparation)

• • Physical and clinical examinaton
• *Experienced staff to conduct clinical assessment For T.b. gambiense **
• Treatment under direct observation either through outpatient or as inpatients
• Admission/inpatient services
• Treatmnet with relevant medication first-line treatment or second line treatmnet aas indicated
• Management of relapses
• Mananagement of nay complications eg reduce the risk of encephalopathy
• Management of any adverse drug effects- eg Encephalopathy gastrointestinal and skin reactions, pyrexia, and peripheral neuropathy.
• Diagnostic tests
• Microscopy of fresh blood chancre fluid or lymph node aspirate
• Microscopy of celebral spinal fluid (CSF) (wet preparation)

• Community mobilization and engagement in malaria prevention and control activities
• Mass media on malaria prevention measures

• Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)
• Indoor residual spraying (IRS)
• Larviciding
• Environmental management
• Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC)

• Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms
• Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)

• Oral antimalarial treatment
• Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository
• Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Oral antimalaria treatment
• Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository
• Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Cognitive exercises
• Physical therapy
• Speech therapy

• Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment

• Early identification and treatment of malaria
• Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases

• Microscopy
• Full blood count
• Renal function tests
• Liver function tests
• Blood grouping and cross-match

• Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria
• IV Glucose
• IV anticonvulsants
• Blood and blood product transfusion
• Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Cognitive exercises
• Physical therapy
• Speech therapy

• Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment

• Early identification and treatment of malaria
• Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases

• Microscopy
• PCR-based tests
• Full blood count
• Renal function tests
• Liver function tests
• Blood grouping and cross-match

• Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria
• IV Glucose
• IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion
• Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury
• Intensive care for cerebral malaria

• Cognitive exercises
• Physical therapy
• Speech therapy

• Large-scale treatment of at-risk population groups
• Access to safe water
• Improved sanitation and hygiene
• Education and behaviour change
• Snail control
• Environmental management.

• Antispasmodics
• Analgesics
• Nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment

• IEC for all age cohorts

• Schistosomiasis,
• Hygiene

• Mass drug administration with praziquentel

• Anthelminthic praziquantel
• Antispasmodics
• Analgesics

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year)
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Treatment
  - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Diagnosis  
  - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans.
• Treatment  
  - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective  
  - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Widespread Improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions
  - Strict meat inspection

• Health education
  - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers
  - Cooking pork and beef well
  - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces.
• Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices

• Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis
• Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects
• Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures

• Widespread Improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions
  - Strict meat inspection

• Health education
  - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers
  - Cooking pork and beef well
  - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces.
• Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices

• Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis
• Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects
• Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures

• Create awareness on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures * Multi sectoral approach to ensure clean environments

• Avoidance of aeroallergen
• Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke

Recognition of asthma signs and symptoms

• Short-acting beta-2 agonist.

• Counselling on personalised asthma management
• Physical exercise

• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families

• Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures

• Avoidance of aeroallergen
• Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke
• Vaccination: influenza
• Vaccination: pneumonia
• Vaccination: COVID

• History
• Physical examination
• Response to asthma treatment trial
• Pulse oximetry

• Short-acting beta-2 agonist.
• Inhaled steroids
• Long-acting beta-2 agonists
• Buteyko or yoga breathing techniques

• Counselling on personalised asthma management
• Physical exercise

• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families

• Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures

• Vaccination: influenza
• Vaccination: pneumonia
• Vaccination: COVID

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse oximetry
• Complete blood count
• Chest radiography

• Short-acting bronchodilator,
• Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)
• Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA)
• Long-acting muscarinic agonist (LAMA)
• Supplemental oxygen
• Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)
• Counselling on personalised asthma management plan

• Counselling on personalised asthma management
• Physical exercise

• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families

• Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures

• Vaccination: influenza
• Vaccination: pneumonia
• Vaccination: COVID

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse oximetry
• Chest radiography

• Short-acting bronchodilator,
• Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)
• Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA)
• Long-acting muscarinic agonist (LAMA)
• Supplemental oxygen
• Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

• Counselling on personalised asthma management
• Physical exercise

• Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families

• School-based life skills training to build social and emotional competencies
• Community awareness creation campaign on behavioural and emotional problems
• Promote multi sectoral approach to ensure children’s education and opportunities to engage and participate in their communities.

• Avoid use of alcohol or illicit drugs and smoking during pregnancy
• Avoiding exposure to physical or sexual abuse or domestic violence
• Early treatment of parental substance use disorders or criminal behaviour
• Behavioural support for good behaviour and skills training to improve social competence in schools

• Recognition signs and symptoms of conduct disorder

• Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services

• Home based physiotherapy support including physical exercises

• Community based Social support for child and family
• Linkage to education sector to promote access to education
• Long term psychosocial support and care
• Parental/care givers skills training programme

• Provide Information to adolescents, parents/families and communities at large on conduct disorder including prevention measures
• Health workers education on conduct disorder, prevention measures and interventions /management

• Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
• Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse
• Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents
• Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness
• Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers

• Unstructured clinical interviews

• Psychoeducation for patients and caregivers
• Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services

• Physiotherapy support including physical exercises
• Speech therapy

• Social support for the child and family
• Linkage to education sector to promote access to education
• Long term psychosocial support and care
• Parental/care givers skills training programme

• Information to adolescents, their parents/families on conduct disorder including prevention measures
• Health workers Training on conduct disorder, prevention measures and management

• Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
• Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse
• Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents
• Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness
• Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers

• Unstructured clinical interviews
• Structured diagnostic interviews (e.g. Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children/DISC
• Broad-band rating scales
• Behavioural observations

• Treat comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Group parent training programme
• Parent and child training programmes
• Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services

• Physiotherapy including physical exercises
• Speech therapy

• Educational therapies/structured educational programs/skills training
• Linkage to other relevant sectors for economic support/empowerment
• Parental/care givers skills training programmes
• Psychological and psychosocial support to parents and families

• Health workers Training on conduct disorder, prevention measures and management
• Information to adolescents their parents/families on conduct disorder including prevention measures

• Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members
• Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse
• Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents
• Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness
• Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers

• Child Behaviour Checklist
• Disruptive Behaviour Disorders Rating Scale
• Quality Vanderbilt Assessment Scales

• Treat comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Group parent training programme
• Parent and child training programmes
• Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services

• Physiotherapy support including physical exercises
• Speech therapy

• Educational therapies/structured educational programs/skills training
• Linkage to other relevant sectors for economic support/empowerment
• Parental/care givers skills training programmes
• Psychological and psychosocial support to parents and families

• Awareness creation to communities on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Distribution of IEC materials on eating disorders
• Community health workers education on eating disorders, including prevention measures

• Guidance/advice to adolescents and their family on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
• Early identification and referral for treatment for persons with eating disorder
• Guidance to adolescents on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
• Education to adolescents on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to adolescents on health exercises
• Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure
• Guidance on avoidance of drugs and alcohol abuse among adolescents

• Early Recognition of signs indicative of eating disorder such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. This may be coupled with weakness; fatigue; weight loss
• Encourage adolescents to eat healthy diets/Guidance on Diet/Nutrition counseling
• Encourage adolescents with eating disorders to do healthy exercises /e.g. exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises
• Recognition of signs of any concurrent mental ailments as indicated by signs such as nervousness; withdrawal; trouble sleeping
• Referral to a health facility for adolescent patients with eating disorder and any associated ailments for further management

• Family & Community social support systems where adolescents with eating disorders can share their feelings

• Awareness creation to adolescents, families, school communities on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Education to health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management

• Early identification and treatment of an eating disorder among adolescents
• Education to adolescents on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to adolescents on health exercises
• Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure
• Guidance/advice to adolescents and their family on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
• Guidance to adolescents on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image

• Early detection and management t of eating disorders
• Diet education and advice /Nutrition counseling
• Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises
• Recognition of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders.
• Monitoring and recognition of any complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes,
• Referral to a hospital for adolescent patient with severe eating disorder and any complications for further management

• Counselling services for adolescents with eating disorder and their families
• Linkage for adolescents with eating disorders to Self-help/support groups

• Awareness creation to adolescents, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Education to health workers on eating disorders; prevention measures and management

• Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adolescents
• Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure
• Guidance/advice to adolescents and their family on healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
• Education to adolescents on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to adolescents on health exercises
• Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure

• Early detection and treatment of eating disorders
• Assessment mental and social well being
• Multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers,
• Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises
• Psychological interventions
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the patient control their thoughts
• Behavioral therapy focusing on assisting patient to gain control and change unwanted behaviors
• Medications
• Management of concurrent mental ailments like depression anxiety disorders and substance abuse
• Monitoring and management of any complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes,
• Hospitalization for more serious cases.
• Follow up

• Counselling services for adolescents with eating disorder
• Family therapy
• Linkage for adolescents with eating disorders to Self-help/support groups

• Awareness creation to adolescents, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Education to health workers on eating disorders; prevention measures and management

• Guidance/advice to adolescents and their family on healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders.
• Early identification and treatment of any eating disorder among adolescents
• Guidance to adolescents on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image
• Education to adolescents on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to adolescents on health exercises
• Guidance to adolescents on coping with peer pressure

• Early detection and treatment of eating disorders
• Assessment mental and social well being
• Multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers,
• Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises
• Psychological interventions
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the patient control their thoughts
• Behavioral therapy focusing on assisting patient to gain control and change unwanted behaviors
• Medications
• Management of concurrent mental ailments like depression anxiety disorders and substance abuse
• Monitoring and management of any complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes,
• Hospitalization for more serious cases.
• Follow up

• Counselling services for adolescents with eating disorder
• Family therapy
• Linkage for adolescents with eating disorders to Self-help/support groups

• Screening of vulnerable groups
• Active case finding in the community
• Conduct routine and mass Vaccination
• Promote vaccination for travelers where applicable
• surveillance and testing
• Recording and reporting
• Promote hand washing facilities
• Promote use of face masks
• Promote maintenance of physical and social distance
• Community Quarantine facilities
• Community based isolation centers
• Notification

• Psychosocial support to patient and family members/care givers
• Counselling support
• Spiritual support

• Health Education on COVID-19 disease
• Awareness creation including on transmission and prevention measures
• Promoting vaccination
• Promoting Multi sectoral approach in control of COVID-19
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on COVID-19 including its prevention and management

• Conduct routine and mass Vaccination for protection against diseases through.
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of proof of vaccination for PHEICs in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR),
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Surveillance
• Screening incoming and out-going travelers for COVID -19 ( a public health emergencies of international concern)
• Proper Infection Prevention measures (IPC)
• Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) eg personal medical masks,gown,gloves, eye protection
• Provision of points of entry isolation of ill travelers (including Port Health)
• Quarantine at health centers
• Isolation of COVID-19 patients.
• Recording and reporting COVID-19 to health departments

• Psychosocial support to patient and family members/care givers
• Spiritual support

• Psychosocial support to patient and family members/care givers
• Spiritual support

• Health Education on COVID -19 disease
• Awareness creation including on transmission and prevention measures
• Promoting vaccination
• Promoting Multi sectoral approach in control of COVID-19
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on COVID-19 including its prevention and management

• Vaccination for life-long protection
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage
• Vaccination for travelers
• Conduct disease surveillance
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Proper Infection Prevention and control (IPC) measures
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on to the next level
• Notification
• Isolation of persons with COVID-19 disease

• Physical examination

• Perform triage and clinical assessment,Check vital signs,temperature, respiratory rate,pulse, blood pressure, mental status (AVPU) and pulse oximetry.

• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including Relive pain and fever

• Monitoring and specific management of the disease depending on the severity

• Management of airways for patient with severe disease

• Oxygen therapy for patient with severe disease

• Medication for patient with severe or critical covid-19 including administration of corticosteroids,anti coagulants

• Blood pressure control

• Blood sugar monitoring and control

• Antibiotics for any secondary bacterial infections

• Management for any complication due to AEFI

• Referral to a specialised hospital for ICU services for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in cases of respiratory complications

• Follow up

• Diagnostics /investigations

• Polymerase Chain reaction test (PCR test) for COVID

• Blood test

• Chest Xrays

• Ultra-sound

• Physiotherapy services
• Physical exercises

• Psychosocial support to patient and family members/care givers
• counselling for patients with COVID-19 and their families
• Spiritual support

• Awareness creation including on transmission and prevention measures
• Health Education on COVID -19 disease
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on COVID-19 including its prevention and management
• Promoting Multi sectoral approach in control of COVID-19
• Promoting vaccination

• Conduct disease surveillance
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of vaccine in line
• Monitoring and reporting on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Recording and reporting on to the next level
• Isolation of persons with COVID-19 disease
• Notification
• Vaccination for life-long protection
• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage
• Vaccination for travelers

• Physical examination
• Perform triage and clinical assessment,Check vital signs,temperature, respiratory rate,pulse, blood pressure, mental status (AVPU) and pulse oximetry.
• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including Relive pain and fever
• Monitoring and specific management of the disease depending on the severity
• Management of airways for patient with severe disease
• Oxygen therapy for patient with severe disease
• Medication for patient with severe or critical covid-19 including administration of corticosteroids,anti coagulants
• Blood pressure control
• Blood sugar monitoring and control
• Antibiotics for any secondary bacterial infections
• Management for any complication due to AEFI
• Dialysis for kidney failure
• ICU services for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in cases of respiratory complications
• Follow up
• Diagnostics /invetsigations
• Polymerase Chain reaction test (PCR test) for COVID
• Blood test
• Chest Xrays
• CT scan
• Ultra-sound

• Physiotherapy services
• Physical exercises

• Psychosocial support to patient and family members/care givers
• counselling for patients with COVID-19 and their families
• Spiritual support

• Create awareness on oral health including periodontal disease to the communities
• Increase knowledge and practices among the public through community programmes
• Fully integrating oral health into community health programmes.
• Community Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention measures

• Daily oral hygiene measures to prevent periodontal disease including brushing properly on a regular basis (at least twice daily), Flossing daily
• Using an antiseptic mouthwash Chlorhexidine gluconate-based mouthwash
• Adoption of healthy lifestyles such as no smoking or cessation of smoking, use of healthy balanced diets
• Regular dental check-ups
• Community level screening for periodontal disease

• Recognition of symptoms indicative, of periodontal disease such as bleeding gums, drifted or loose teeth or a complaint of bad breath
• Good oral hygiene/oral hygiene instructions including brushing and flossing
• Guidance on healthy diet/good nutrition
• Use of antiseptic mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Relieve of symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Referral to a health facility for management of adolescent with periodontal disease

• Education to the adolescents and their families on periodontal disease and prevention measures
• Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in adolescents

• Guidance to adolescents on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance to the adolescents on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to the adolescents on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen adolescents for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Physcal, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth
• Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice
• Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support)
• Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary orla hygiene measure
• Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal.
• Antimicrobial Medication, Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials
• Use of analgesics where there is pain management
• Referral for an adolescent with periodontal disease to a hospital for further management including management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease

• Education to the adolescents and their families on periodontal disease and prevention measures
• Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in adolescents

• Guidance to adolescents on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance to the adolescents on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Early treatment/management of predisposing conditions such as diabetes; cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to the adolescents on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen adolesents for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth
• Diagnostics including; * Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession * Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession * Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs & or panoramic radiographs
• Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice
• Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support)
• Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation
• Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal.
• Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances
• Antimicrobial Medication, Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials
• Use of analgesics where there is pain
• Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss
• Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease
• Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check-ups after successful periodontal treatment

• Education to the adolescents and their families on periodontal disease and prevention measures
• Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in adolescents

• Guidance to adolescents on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance to the adolescents on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Early treatment/management of predisposing conditions such as diabetes; cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to the adolescents on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy
• Screen adolesents for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.

• Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth
• Diagnostics including;
  • Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession
  • Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession
  • Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs & or panoramic radiographs
• Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice
• Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support)
• Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation
• Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal.
• Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances
• Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials
• Use of analgesics where there is pain
• Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss
• Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease
• Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check-ups after successful periodontal treatment

• Health education and awareness craetion on Trachoma
• Education on personal hygiene including hand and facial hygiene /cleanliness
• commuity health workers training on Trachoma including prevention measures

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM) (starting from age 2) Primary prevention through
• screening communities for the presence of trachoma in children 1-9 years of age. (when over 10 % are found to have clinical disease the entire community is treated with antibiotics)

• Promote adherence to medicaton Adminsatration of the medication (Chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM)) as per prescription

• Psychosocial support
• support for evry day activities especailly for those with complications such as blindness
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Health education and awareness craetion on Trachoma
• Education on personal hygiene including hand and facial hygiene /cleanliness
• Health workers training on Trachoma including prevention measures

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM) (starting from age 2) Primary prevention through
• screening communities for the presence of trachoma in children 1-9 years of age. (when over 10 % are found to have clinical disease the entire community is treated with antibiotics)

• Physical and clinical examination
• Medication ---Chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM)

• Advise /guidance on sion of close support for daily activities incase of blindness complication
• Linkage to rehbiliation centre
• Linkage to appropriate schools --eg school with facilities for visually impaired

• Psychosocial support
• support for evry day activities especailly for those with complications such as blindness
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Health education and awareness craetion on Trachoma
• Education on personal hygiene including hand and facial hygiene /cleanliness
• Health workers training on Trachoma inckuding its management and prevention measures

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM) (starting from age 2) Primary prevention through
• screening communities for the presence of trachoma in children 1-9 years of age. (when over 10 % are found to have clinical disease the entire community is treated with antibiotics)

• Physical and clinical examination
• _ Medication --Chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM)
• Trichiasis surgery for trachoma

• Visual rehabilitation /provision of visual aids
• Provide close support for daily activities incase of blindness complication
• Linkage to rehbiliation centre
• Linkage to appropriate schools --eg school with facilities for visually impaired

• Psychosocial support
• support for evry day activities especailly for those with complications such as blindness
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Health education and awareness craetion on Trachoma
• Education on personal hygiene including hand and facial hygiene /cleanliness
• Health workers training on Trachoma inckuding its management and prevention measures

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM) (starting from age 2) Primary prevention through
• screening communities for the presence of trachoma in children 1-9 years of age. (when over 10 % are found to have clinical disease the entire community is treated with antibiotics)

• Physical and clinical examination
• _ Medication --Chemotherapy with Azithromycin (AZM)
• Trichiasis surgery for trachoma

• Visual rehabilitation /provision of visual aids
• Provide close support for daily activities incase of blindness complication
• Linkage to rehbiliation centre
• Linkage to appropriate schools --eg school with facilities for visually impaired

• Psychosocial support
• support for evry day activities especailly for those with complications such as blindness
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Education and social mobilization for successful prevention and control of onchocerciasis

• Annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin
• Vector control
• Personal protection against insect bite

• Oral ivermectin

• Orientation and mobility training
• Eye care to prevent blindness and treat ophthalmic comorbidities

• recognizing, responding to and referring cases of Severe Adverse Events (SAEs) following treatment with Mectizan® to a designated health facility for clinical management of such cases. (Same for community distributors and all health personnel involved in the program) Community awareness and education on
• Onchocerciasis

• ground larviciding using environmentally safe insecticides
• vector control using mainly the spraying of insecticides against blackfly (genus Simulium) larvae Primary Prevention through . Annual preventive chemotherapy with single dose of Ivermectin.

• Oral ivermectin

• Orientation and mobility training
• Eye care to prevent blindness and treat ophthalmic comorbidities
• Provision of a white cane and other assistive products to support senses other than sight (e.g. alarm signallers, talking watches)

Community awareness and education on

• Onchocerciasis recognizing, responding to and referring cases of Severe Adverse Events (SAEs) following treatment with Mectizan to a designated health facility for clinical management of such cases. (Same for community distributors and all health personnel involved in the program)

Primary Prevention through

• Annual preventive chemotherapy with single dose of Ivermectin.

• Oral ivermectin
• Manage Mazzotti reaction

• Orientation and mobility training
• Eye care to prevent blindness and treat ophthalmic comorbidities
• Provision of a white cane and other assistive products to support senses other than sight (e.g. alarm signallers, talking watches)

Community awareness and education on

• Onchocerciasis recognizing, responding to and referring cases of Severe Adverse Events (SAEs) following treatment with Mectizan to a designated health facility for clinical management of such cases. (Same for community distributors and all health personnel involved in the program)

Primary Prevention through

• Annual preventive chemotherapy with single dose of Ivermectin.

• Oral ivermectin
• Manage Mazzotti reaction

• Orientation and mobility training
• Eye care to prevent blindness and treat ophthalmic comorbidities
• Provision of a white cane and other assistive products to support senses other than sight (e.g. alarm signallers, talking watches)

• Distribute IEC materials, such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions
• Health education to communities on eye health
• Community education on hygiene and environmental sanitation
• Multi sectoral approach in improving environmental sanitation
• Training of CHWs on eye conditions including vision impairment

• Community based screening for eye conditions
• Guidance on good Hygiene practices
• Guidance on good nutrition
• Promoting Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to prevent sight associated infections such as trachoma
• discourage use traditional medicines for eye care ophthalmology outreach services

• Recognition of signs indicative of eye problems
• Identification of suspected impaired vision
• Referral of persons with eye conditions to a health facility

• Home based/community-based rehabilitation
• Provide close support on daily activities performance

• Counselling
• Linkage to support groups
• Psychosocial support

• Distribute IEC materials such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions

• Health education to communities on eye health
• Multi sectoral approach in improving environmental sanitation
• Training of Health workers on eye conditions including vision impairment

• Physical and clinical examination
• Assess for vision impairment including sudden or rapidly progressing loss of vision and refractory errors

• Medication for eye infections
• Reassess and follow up on -treatment compliance
• Refer for management to hospital level

• Provide movement aids
• Occupational therapy

• Counselling
• Linkage to support groups
• Psychosocial support

• Community education on hygiene and environmental sanitation
• Distribute IEC materials, such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions
• Health education to communities on eye health

• Training of Health

• Discourage use traditional medicines for eye care
• Assess for associated conditions like diabetes and hypertension
• Guidance on good Hygiene practices
• Guidance on good nutrition
• Promoting Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to prevent sight associated infections such as trachoma

• Outreach services
• screening for eye conditions

• Admission when necessary

• Follow up

• Antibiotics treatment for eye infections

• Provide specialized medical and surgical eye interventions

• High care Vision impairment assessments

• Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension

• Screen for refractory errors & provide eye glasses

• surgical treatment for eye conditions

• Clinical and physical examination

• Visual assessment

• Eye rehabilitation
• Mobility and training in daily activities
• Occupational rehabilitation
• Provision of visual aids

• Counselling
• Linkage to support groups
• Psychosocial support

• Community education on hygiene and environmental sanitation
• Distribute IEC materials, such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions
• Health education to communities on eye health

• Training of Health

• Discourage use traditional medicines for eye care
• Assess for associated conditions like diabetes and hypertension
• Guidance on good Hygiene practices
• Guidance on good nutrition
• Promoting Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to prevent sight associated infections such as trachoma

• Outreach services
• screening for eye conditions

• Clinical and physical examination

• Visual assessment
• Screen for refractory errors & provide eye glasses
• Antibiotics treatment for eye infections
• surgical treatment for eye conditions
• Admission when necessary
• Provide specialized medical and surgical eye interventions
• High care Vision impairment assessments
• Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension
• Follow up

• Eye rehabilitation
• Mobility and training in daily activities
• Occupational rehabilitation
• Provision of visual aids

• Counselling
• Linkage to support groups
• Psychosocial support

• Creation of awareness on otitis media including prevention measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Community health workers training on otitis media , prevention measures and management

• Control allergies.in adolescents through reduced exposure to allergens
• Prevent colds Reduce exposure to colds
• Elimination/stoppage of tobacco smoking/second-hand smoking
• Hand hygiene for the adolescents
• Proper/healthy nutrition for the adolescents
• Seek early treatment for any infections

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of otitis media such as ear ache, pressure in the ear, nausea, fever, headache, temporary hearing loss and buzzing in the ear.
• Relieve pain with analgesics such as ibuprofen or home remedies such as pressing warm water bottle or a hot bag of salt against the ear.
• Relieve fever -use of paracetamol or sponging
• Proper nutrition
• Vitamin C to boost and reinforce immune mechanism.
• Zinc supplements to reduce recurrent ear infections.
• Referral to a health facility for further management

• Community education/awareness creation on ADHD
• Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD
• Community Health workers education on ADHD

• Physical exercise for the adolescents
• Reduction of exposure to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of ADHD including inattention or excessive activity and impulsivity, which are otherwise not appropriate for a person's age.
• Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including;
• Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation; and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment,
• Referral to a health facility

• Community/home based physical activities/Promote exercises

• Guidance and understanding from their parents, families, and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed.
• Help to the Adolescents and parents to develop new skills, attitudes and ways of relating to each other.
• Linkage to Support groups to help adolescents, their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns.

• Community education/awareness creation on ADHD
• Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD
• Health workers education on ADHD

• Awareness caretion on prevention measures including:
• Reduction of exposure to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation
• Physical exercise for the adolescents

• physical and clinical examination
• Symptomatic diagnosis of AHDD-Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior and impulsivity
• Diagnosis based on assessment of child’s behavioral and mental development (must have been diagnosed by the age of six)
• Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment,
• Referral to a hospital

• Physical therapy
• Promote exercises

• Adolescents with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families, and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed.
• Help to the adolescents and parents develop new skills, attitudes and ways of relating to each other.
• Linkage to Support groups to help adolescents, their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns.
• Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system

• Community education/awareness creation on ADHD
• Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD
• Health workers training on ADHD

• Physical exercise for the adolescents
• Reduction of exposure to certain toxic substances such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
• Awareness creation on prevention measures including:
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation

• physical and clinical examination
• Symptomatic diagnosis of AHDD-Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior and impulsivity
• • Diagnosis based on assessment of child’s behavioral and mental development (must have been diagnosed by the age of six)
• Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including;
  • Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment.
• Medication therapy (e.g. use of non-stimulants & stimulants) to reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve ability to focus, work, learn and physical coordination.
• Monitoring and management of complications including those related to medication use including headaches; increased anxiety and irritability
• Rule out effects of drugs, medications and other medical or psychiatric problems as the cause of ADHD
• Follow up

• Physical therapy
• Promote exercises

• Adolescents with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed.
• Help to the adolescents to develop new skills, attitudes and ways of relating to each other.
• Linkage to Support groups to help adolscents , their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns.
• Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system

• Community education/awareness creation on ADHD
• Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD
• Health workers training on ADHD

• Physical exercise for the adolesecnts
• Reduction of exposure to aldolescents to certain toxic substances such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides
• Awareness caretion on prevention measures including:
• Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation

• physical and clinical examination
• Symptomatic diagnosis of AHDD-Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior and impulsivity
• • Diagnosis based on assessment of child’s behavioral and mental development (must have been diagnosed by the age of six)
• Rule out effects of drugs, medications and other medical or psychiatric problems as the cause of ADHD
• Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including;
• Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment.
• Medication therapy (e.g. use of non-stimulants & stimulants) to reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve ability to focus, work, learn and physical coordination.
• • Monitoring and management of complications including those related to medication use including headaches; increased anxiety and irritability
• Follow up

• Physical therapy
• Promote exercises

• Adolescents with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed.
• Help to the adolescents and parents develop new skills, attitudes and ways of relating to each other.
• Linkage to Support groups to help adolescents , their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns.
• Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system

• Education and awareness creation/information to communities on headache prevention measures
• Community awareness on healthy behaviours Including; getting plenty of sleep, staying physically active, eating healthy meals and snacks, drinking plenty of water, management of stress, practicing relaxation techniques

• Lifestyle modifications,
• Avoidance of triggers
• Healthy coping mechanisms

• Recognition of migraine signs and symptoms

• Analgesics for mild headaches
• Identify warning features of serious headaches
• Referral to higher levels of serious headaches

• Relaxation therapy e.g massage therapy to relive migraine

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Patient education on healthy behaviours; getting plenty of sleep, staying physically active, avoiding alcohol

• Lifestyle modifications
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers
• Healthy coping mechanisms

• History
• Physical examination

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Non-pharmacologic Therapy: lifestyle changes to reduce stress and improve relaxation
• Referral to higher levels of serious headaches

• Physical therapy

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Patient education on healthy behaviours; getting plenty of sleep, staying physically active, avoiding alcohol

• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers

• History
• Physical examination
• POUND Mnemonic for Diagnosis

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Triptans
• Dopamine antagonist
• Antiemetic
• Non-pharmacologic therapy: lifestyle changes to reduce stress and improve relaxation

• Physical therapy

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Patient education on healthy behaviours; getting plenty of sleep, staying physically active, avoiding alcohol

• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers

• History
• Physical examination
• POUND Mnemonic for Diagnosis

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Triptans
• Dopamine antagonist
• Antiemetic
• Non-pharmacologic Therapy

• Physical therapy

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Education and awareness creation among adolescents/families/communities on hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Public health education about proper hygiene
• Awareness creation on improving sanitation including proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection
• Provision of IEC materials on hook worm disease
• Multisectoral approach in addressing the risk factors of hook worm dieses including improving sanitation, access to clean water and income status of communities
• Community health workers education on hookworm disease and prevention measures

• Guidance to adolescents/communities on preventive measures including
• Drinking safe water
• Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Using a barrier to prevent the skin surfaces from touching the soil eg use of gloves , shoes while gardening
• Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with hookworm
• Proper human waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Treating pet dogs and cats for hookworm/deworming pets

• Recognition of signs of hookworm infestation including rash at the site of initial infection e.g on the palm or soles; itchiness at the site, creeping eruptions on lower limbs or upper trunk (depending on site of entry of the larvae)
• Guidance to the patient on Improving nutrition to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron; Protein)
• Symptomatic treatment e.g. relief of fever if present;
• Referral to a health facility for management of pregnant women with hookworm disease.

• Education and awareness creation among adolescents on hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Public health education about proper hygiene
• Awareness creation on improving sanitation including proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection
• Provision of IEC materials on hook worm disease
• Health workers training on hookworm disease; prevention measures and management
• Multisectoral approach in addressing the risk factors of hook worm dieses including improving sanitation, access to clean water and income status of communities

• Advice to adolescents on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance to under 5s on proper handwashing /hand hygiene
• Guidance to parents/families on proper human waste including the children waste

• Diagnostic test—Examination of stool sample to identify hookworm eggs
• Nutrition Support/advice to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron, Protein;)
• Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to adolescents with hook worm disease
• Management of larvae in the skin ( Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin.
• Monitor for any worsening of hookworm disease including complications such as anemia
• Referral to a hospital for further management including management of complications

• Education and awareness creation to the adolescents hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Education about proper hygiene
• Education on proper waste disposal including faecal waste to reduce the risk of infection
• Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management

• Advice to adolescents on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance on proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Guidance on proper human waste disposal

• Nutritional support/therapy to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron,Protein)
• Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to adolescents with hook worm disease
• Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin.
• Local cryotherapy to destroy the hookworms while still in the skin,
• Management of anemia and its complications (use of iron supplements, vitamin C. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements) Diagnostic tests
• Examination of a stool sample to identify hookworm eggs
• Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies
• Chest X-ray to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.

• Education and awareness creation to the adolescents hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Education about proper hygiene
• Education on proper waste disposal including faecal waste to reduce the risk of infection
• Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management

• Advice to adolescents on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance on proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Guidance on proper human waste disposal

• Anthelmintic
• Iron supplementation
• Blood transfusion

• Create awareness on respiratory tract infections including prevention measures (hand feeding, bottle feeding)

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Avoidance of smoking within the household
• Avoidance of secondary exposure to smoke
• Avoidance of biomass combustion (particularly indoor cooking fires) and
• Avoidance of air pollutants

• Recognition of LRTI signs and symptoms

• First-line antibiotic treatment
• Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse Oximetry
• Chest radiography

• First-line antibiotic treatment
• Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment

• Immunizations, e.g., Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse Oximetry
• Full blood count,
• Chest radiography

• IV/IM antibiotics
• Oxygen supplementation
• IV fluids
• Oxygen therapy
• IV fluids

• Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment

• Immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal, influenza, COVID

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse Oximetry
• Full blood count,
• Chest radiography

• IV/IM antibiotics
• Oxygen supplementation
• IV fluids
• Intensive care for severe disease