WHO Regional Menu Of Essential Health Interventions

Condition: Meningitis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and control methods of meningitis Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal	Frequent hand washing Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal	Recognition of meningitis signs and symptoms	Isolate child suspected with meningitis Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility	Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems	Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel
Primary Care
Health education and information on prevention and treatment of meningitis	Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts "Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal"	History Physical examination Rapid blood agglutination test	Antibiotic treatment Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility	Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems	Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel
Referral Facility: General
Awareness campaign on causes, signs and symptoms of meningitis including prevention measures (IPC) Distribution of IEC materials Mobilisation for routine immunisation	Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal	History Physical examination Lumbar puncture CSF analysis CSF culture CSF PCR Rapid CSF agglutination test Blood culture Throat swab, Serology. Full blood count, C reactive protein (CRP), Clotting studies, BUN Electrolytes	Parenteral antibiotics Parenteral corticosteroids	Physiotherapy Occupational therapy Language and speech therapy Assisting in hearing devices	Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness campaign on causes, signs and symptoms of meningitis including prevention measures (IPC) Distribution of IEC materials Mobilisation for routine immunisation	Oral antimicrobials chemoprophylaxis for contacts "Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: meningococcal"	History Physical examination Lumbar puncture CSF analysis CSF culture CSF PCR Rapid CSF agglutination test Blood culture Throat swab, Serology. Full blood count, C reactive protein (CRP) Clotting tests BUN Electrolytes	Parenteral antibiotics Intravenous fluids Anti-TB treatment for TB meningitis Antifungal treatment for fungal meningitis Parenteral corticosteroids	Physiotherapy Occupational therapy Language and speech therapy Assisting in hearing devices	Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

Condition: Whooping Cough

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative
Community Level
Community-based awareness on prevention and control of VPDs Community education on proper nutrition for young children	Pertussis-containing vaccination Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene Stay at home if any symptoms of whooping cough Avoiding close contact with patient	Antipyretics Hydration Feeding Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Health education and information to parents, families on immunization including vaccination schedule	Pertussis-containing vaccination Chemoprophylaxis to contacts Vitamin A supplementation	Antipyretics Hydration Nutritional support Vitamin A Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Health education and information to parents, families on immunization including vaccination schedule	Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts	Antibiotics if indicated Antipyretics Hydration Nutritional support Vitamin A	Rehabilitation services depending on complications Physical rehabilitation
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education and information to parents, families on immunization including vaccination schedule	Post exposure prophylaxis for close contacts	Antibiotics if indicated Oral Vitamin A IV fluid for rehydration ICU services for severely ill	Physical rehabilitation Rehabilitation services depending on complications

Condition: Encephalitis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Awareness on good nutrition Provision of IEC materials Information to the communities on the importance of immunization for children Awareness/education on animal handling and animal health e.g. dogs (rabies) Community health workers training on encehaplitis including on prevention measures	Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control	Recognition of features indicative of encephalitis including Fever, Aches in muscles, weakness, fits (Seizures), Muscle weakness, Supportive and symptomatic management for school age children suspected to have encephalitis awaiting referral through: Bed rest Plenty of fluids Use of Anti-inflammatory drugs Management of fever-sponging, use of anti pyretics Relieve pain/aches with analgesics such as paracetamol Urgent Referral of patient suspected to have encephalitis to the nearest health facility	Continued Rehabilitation at community level and follow up of patients referred backwards from the health facilities (those who may have had complications) Physical therapy to improve motor coordination Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills Community based rehabilitation Speech therapy	Psycho-social support for school going age children with encephalitis and their families Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
Primary Care
Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures Information on the importance of immunization for children Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Awareness on good nutrition Provision of IEC materials Awareness/education on animal handling and animal health e.g. dogs (rabies) Training/sensitizing health workforce	Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control	Clinical examination/Physical examination Supportive and symptomatic management for encephalitis before urgent referral to hospital including: Bed rest Fluids therapy /Plenty of fluids Adminstration of Anti-inflammatory drugs. Management of fever using anti pyretics Management if pain with analgesisc Suction to remove secretions Monitor for any danger signs e.g. lethargy, unconsciousness, convulsions Urgent referral of a child suspected to have encephalitis to the nearest hospital	Rehabilitation and follow up of patients referred backwards from the Hospitals Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills Referral downwards to communities for further/continued rehabilitation	Psycho-social support for school going age children with encephalitis and their families Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills Spiritual support
Referral Facility: General
Creation of awareness to families and school going age children on encephalitis prevention measures Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Guidance on good nutrition for children Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management	Guidance /advise to families on importance of immunisation for the children Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control	Early recognition and Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately Computerized Tomography CT Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent, Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance, Intravenous fluids adminstration Anti-inflammatory drugs administration Administration of Anticonvulsant medications Admissions for persons with encephalitis Management of any complications Prevention/or management of shock or hypertension Prevention/Management of seizures Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure ICU services Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including: Blood and urine tests lumbar puncture (LP) CSF culture Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens Serologic tests for Toxoplasma Imaging such as Computerized Tomography CT- MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI	Follow-up therapy for complications of encephalitis Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility function Speech therapy Occupationla therapy to develop every day skills Referral downwards to primary care facilities and communities for follow up and rehabilitation	Psycho-social support for school going age children with encephalitis and their parents and families encephalitis Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
Referral Facility: Specialist
Creation of awareness to families, school going age children on encephalitis prevention measures Information/creation of awareness on healthy living Guidance on good nutrition for children Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management	Guidance /advise to families on importance of immunisation for the children Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) Parasites such as Ticks control	Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent, Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance, Intravenous fluids adminstration Anti-inflammatory drugs administration Administration of Anticonvulsant medications Admissions for persons with encephalitis Management of any complications Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension Prevention/Management of seizures Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure ICU services Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including: Blood and urine tests lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens Serologic tests for Toxoplasma Imaging such as: Computerized Tomography CT Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI	Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility function Speech therapy Occupationla therapy to develop every day skills Referral downwards to primary care facilities and communities for follow up and rehabilitation	Psycho-social support for school going age children with encephalitis and their parents and families encephalitis Counselling Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills Spiritual support

Condition: Measles

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community-based awareness on measles and other VPDs including transmission and prevention measures * Community education on proper nutrition for young children	Routine on schedule vaccination Good hygiene practices including hand hygiene Stay at home if any symptoms of measles Avoiding close contact with measles cases	Antipyretics Hydration Proper nutrition Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Information and health education on VPDs and immunization	Routine on schedule vaccination Vitamin A supplementation	Antipyretics Hydration Proper nutrition Vitamin A Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
	Routine on schedule vaccination Vitamin A supplementation	Antibiotics if indicated Antipyretics Hydration
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Routine on schedule vaccination Vitamin A supplementation	Antibiotics Oral Vitamin A IV fluid ICU services for severely ill

Condition: Trichomoniasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Adolescent centered education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms	School age children education on delaying sexual debut and safe sex practices School-based education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Screening of female adolescents for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse for management	Referral of female adolescents with persistent vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment Home based supervision of adolescents with confirmed Trichomoniasis diagnosis for treatment compliance
Primary Care
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Investigation of victims of sexual abuse for Trichomoniasis Examination and investigation of girls with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with oral metronidazole or tinidazole Treatment of sex partners
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Investigation of victims of sexual abuse for Trichomoniasis Examination and investigation of girls with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Diagnostic tests - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection. - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test. - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid. - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope. Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole Treatmnet of sexual partners
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Investigation of victims of sexual abuse for Trichomoniasis Examination and investigation of girls with persistent vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Diagnostic tests - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection. - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test. - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid. - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope. Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole Treatmnet of sexual partners

Condition: Tuberculosis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative
Community Level
Social and behavioural change communication for parents School health education Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene	Contact tracing, screening and management TB Prevention Therapy (TPT) Isolation of confirmed or presumptive adult TB cases	Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) Self-administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence Referral of people with presumptive TB to next level Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill for SAT Trace and follow up of defaulters	Home-based self-management rehabilitation
Primary Care
Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Promote strong TB Infection control measures	Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment Improve room ventilation Protect health care workers	Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) Self-administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill for SAT Trace and follow up of defaulters Referral of people with adverse reactions and complications
Referral Facility: General
Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Promote strong TB Infection control measures	Strong TB Infection control measures Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment Improve room ventilation Protect health care workers	Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) Self-administrative therapy (SAT) to those with good adherence ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection Referral of people living HIV for regular screening and possible TPT * TB drugs refill for SAT Trace and follow up of defaulters Referral of people with adverse reactions and complications	Breathing exercise
Referral Facility: Specialist
Promote cough etiquette and cough hygiene Promote strong TB Infection control measures	Strong TB Infection control measures Triage people with presumptive TB for “fast-track” or separation Ensure rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment Improve room ventilation Protect health care workers	Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) Self-administered treatment (SAT) Management of severe adverse infections and complications Management of TB/HIV co-infection ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection MDR/XDR TB diagnosis and management Nutritional support and supplement ICU care as clinically indicated Linkage to non-medical social support	Breathing exercise

Condition: Syphilis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education of parents on the risks and prevention of sexual abuse of children		Home based supervision of girls with confirmed Syphilis infection to comply with treatment and follow-up instructions
Primary Care
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abusGirls with evidence of sexual abuse should be screened for sexually transmitted infections Test is non-reactiveGirls with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until	Refer suspected cases of neurosyphilis to hospital for further investigation and treatment Treatment with Penicillin
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Girls with evidence of sexual abuse should be screened for sexually transmitted infections Girls with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA testExamination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive For neurosyphilis, CSF testing every 6 months until CSF cell count is normal	Treatment with Penicillin
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Girls with evidence of sexual abuse should be screened for sexually transmitted infections Girls with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive For neurosyphilis, CSF testing every 6 months until CSF cell count is normal	Treatment with Penicillin

Condition: Other STDs

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education on sexuality and safe sex practices Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms Promote early health seeking behaviour distribute IEC materials, Promote condoms use to prevent STIs Promotion of stigma reduction	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for STIs Vaccination: human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	Early recognition of need for referra
Primary Care
	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms Vaccination: human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	History and physical examination for STI and reproductive tract infections Syndromic diagnosis and treatment of STIs Counselling on partner notification, diagnosis and treatment Information on treatment compliance and use of condom Referral for management of complications of STIs
Referral Facility: General
	Brief sexuality counselling Periodic presumptive oral treatment of STIs Counselling on sexuality Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms Vaccination: human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination: hepatitis B Risk assessment with sexual history and risk factors	History and physical examination for STI and reproductive tract infections Basic laboratory tests for STI Etiologic diagnosis and treatment of STIs Counselling on partner notification, diagnosis and treatment Information on treatment compliance and use of condom Referral for management of complications of STIs
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Counselling on STI prevention, risk reduction, and safer sex Promote and provide female condoms Promote and provide male condoms Vaccination: human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination: hepatitis B	History and physical examination for STI and reproductive tract infections Point of care testing/GeneXpert Advanced laboratory tests for STI including culture and sensitivity tests Etiologic diagnosis and treatment of STIs Counselling on partner notification, diagnosis and treatment Information on treatment compliance and use of condom

Condition: HIV/AIDS

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Social and behavioural change communication for parents School health education Community awareness on the risks and prevention of sexual abuse of children	Primary prevention of HIV in adolescents and women of child bearing ages Screening pregnant women for HIV Community outreach HIV testing	Recognition of HIV/AIDS signs and symptoms HIV counselling and testing	Adherence support Refills /Supply of antiretroviral Trace loss to follow-ups	Self-management education for parents Support for disclosure	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage with adolescent support groups
Primary Care
Health education and risk reduction counselling to parents	Screen pregnant women for HIV ARV for HIV positive pregnant women ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant Contraceptives	History Physical examination Antibody/Antigen based RDT Clinical staging Complete blood count POC CD4 testing POC Viral load testing Chest radiograph	First-line antiretroviral therapy Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis TB preventive therapy Adverse drug reactions (ADR) monitoring Treat opportunistic infections Treat TB Nutritional support Adherence support Referral to higher level for advanced HIV infection	Self-management education for parents Support for disclosure	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage with adolescent support groups
Referral Facility: General
Health education and risk reduction counselling to parents	Screen pregnant women for HIV ARV for HIV positive pregnant women ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant Contraceptives	HIV counselling and testing PCR based HIV testing Clinical staging Complete blood count CD4 testing Basic metabolic panel Viral load testing Chest radiograph HBV and HCV tests Ultrasound Cryptococcal antigen test	First-line antiretroviral therapy Second-line antiretroviral therapy Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis TB preventive therapy Manage moderate to severe adverse reactions * Viral load monitoring Treat moderate to severe OIs Treat TB Manage co-morbidities Referral to higher level for to non-responders	Self-management education for parents Support for disclosure	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage with adolescent support groups
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education and risk reduction counselling to parents	Screen pregnant women for HIV ARV for HIV positive pregnant women ARV prophylaxis to HIV exposed infant Contraceptives	HIV counselling and testing PCR based HIV testing Clinical staging Complete blood count CD4 testing Basic metabolic panel Viral load testing Chest radiograph HBV and HCV tests Ultrasound Cryptococcal antigen test Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT)	Second-line antiretroviral therapy Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis TB preventive therapy Manage severe adverse reactions * Viral load monitoring Management of severe opportunistic infections Treat TB Manage co-morbidities Intensive care as clinically indicated	Self-management education for parents Support for disclosure	Emotional, social, spiritual assessment and support based on cultural needs, values and preferences of patients and families Linkage with adolescent support groups

Condition: Gonorrhoea

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education of parents on the risks and prevention of sexual abuse of children		Home based supervision of girls with confirmed Gonococcal diagnosis for treatment compliance Referral of girls with offensive vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment
Primary Care
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or Cefixime Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse

Condition: Genital herpes

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education of parents on the risks and prevention of sexual abuse of children	Screening of children for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers Referral of children suspected to be victims of sexual abuse to the next level for examination and needed treatment Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse to appropriate authorities	Home based supervision of women with confirmed genital herpes to comply with treatment Referral of pregnant women with genital or perianal vesicles or ulcers to next level of care for investigation and treatment
Primary Care
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse	Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovir
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse

Condition: Diarrhoeal diseases

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative
Community Level
Community-based awareness campaign on sanitation, hygiene, and safe water supply Community mobilisation for routine immunisation	Good sanitation and hygiene practices Safe water supply Danger signs recognition Preventive zinc supplements Access to safe drinking-water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap Good personal and food hygiene	Recognition of diarrheal diseases signs and symptoms Recognition of danger signs	Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution Oral sugar-salt solution Nutrient-rich foods Zinc supplements Immediate transfer of severe cases to a higher-level health care facility Home based provision of oral rehydration therapy Zinc tablets in mild cases Refer moderate to severe cases and cases with vomiting or fever Vitamin A supplementation
Primary Care
Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea	Access to safe drinking water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap Early recognition and action on danger signs Preventive zinc supplements	History Physical examination Stool exam for ova and parasites Serological assays	Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution Intravenous hydration Antibiotics for bacterial infections Zinc supplements Nutrient-rich foods Immediate transfer of severe or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility History and physical examination for diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Assess and classify for diarrhoea using IMNCI strategy Point of care testing Basic laboratory tests Oral zinc supplementation for diarrhoeal infections Oral rehydration solution Counselling on increased fluid intake Oral antimicrobials for enteric and diarrhoeal infections Intravenous fluids Oral multivitamins for persistent diarrhoea Referral for management of severe dehydration for other complications.
Referral Facility: General
Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea	Access to safe drinking water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap	Stool culture Blood culture	Intravenous hydration Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections Zinc supplements
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea	Access to safe drinking water Use of improved sanitation Hand washing with soap	Stool culture Blood culture	Intravenous hydration Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections Zinc supplements

Condition: Chlamydia

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education of parents on the risks and prevention of sexual abuse of children Community health workers sesnistization on chlamydia including prevention measures	Screening of children for sexual abuse during home visits by Community Health Workers Referral of children suspected to be victims of sexual abuse to the next level for examination and needed treatment Referral of suspected cases of sexual abuse to appropriate authorities	Referral of girls with offensive vaginal discharge to next level for examination and treatment Home based supervision of girls with confirmed Chlamydia diagnosis for treatment compliance
Primary Care
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections	Physical and clinical examination Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics Referral
Referral Facility: General
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Screening of girls for evidence of sexual abuse Examination and investigation of girls with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

Condition: Dengue

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved	Primary prevention through Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual
Primary Care
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding	Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding	Able to conduct NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test Able to conduct Overall assessment, diagnosis and identification of phase of severity Management of non-severe dengue without warning signs by providing medical advice, supervising rest and drinking of plenty of fluids and prescribing of Paracetamol
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based programmes		In addition to primary care interventions Conduct virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test, ELISA and in addition for IgA by IHS and neutralization assays. Implement case management decisions for severe dengue with warning signs (Group B and C) including treatment of profound/ compensated shock, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, ensure glucose control, hemorrhagic complications
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based programmes		Conduct virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test, ELISA and in addition for IgA by IHS and neutralization assays. Implement case management decisions for severe dengue with warning signs (Group B and C) including treatment of profound/ compensated shock, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, ensure glucose control, hemorrhagic complications In addition to primary care interventions

Condition: Lymphatic filariasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative
Community Level
Community awareness and education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis to promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities	Primary prevention through - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through Community screening of patients with scrotal swelling. Either the patient himself or a community health worker identifies scrotal swelling and the patient is referred or reports to a level II facility Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams	Tertiary prevention Counseling - Occupational and physiotherapy
Primary Care
Community awareness and education Education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis Promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities	Primary prevention - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measures Diagnosis Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics	Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	Tertiary prevention Counselling - Occupational and physiotherapy
Referral Facility: General
	Primary prevention - Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measure Diagnosis Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics	Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Management of Hydrocele through surgery	Tertiary prevention Counseling - Occupational and physiotherapy
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Primary prevention Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Secondary prevention measure Diagnosis Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with Antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and anti fungal creams	Management of Hydrocele through surgery Single dose preventive chemotherapy with Albendazole (Alb), Ivermectin (IV) or Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	Counseling Occupational and physiotherapy Tertiary prevention

Condition: Diphtheria

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Information/education on transmission and prevention of Diphtheria Education on proper nutrition for primary school age children - Proper sanitation - School health program Community health workers education on Diphtheria including recognition of signs and symptoms in primary school age children and on prevention measures	Vaccination-booster doses of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine Contact tracing for primary school age children who have been in contacts with patients with Diphtheria Quarantine for contacts	Recognition of features of worsening condition due to diphtheria – such as shortness of breath Supportive management for primary school age children with Diphtheria - Plenty of rest Proper nutrition for a child with diphtheria Recognition of features of Diphtheria in primary school age children which include: _ sore throat, low fever and swollen glands in the neck, a thick coating in the throat or nose, hoarse voice Referral to a health facility of the child with suspected diphtheria
Primary Care
Information/education on transmission and prevention of diphtheria Creation of awareness on importance on immunization Education on proper nutrition for school age children School health programs Provision of IEC materials through schools and communities Training/sensitizing health workforce on diphtheria and its management Training health workforce Update/training of health care workers on immunization as recommended in national immunization schedules.	Routine vaccination (booster vaccination) for diphtheria according to the national schedule Active surveillance and early detection of diphtheria (use of Diphtheria toxoid-vaccine combined with tetanus toxoid (Td) as well with other antigens such as pertussis (DTwP/DTaP/Tdap) Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friend, Health care workers Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms
Referral Facility: General
Guidance to school children on prevention of diphtheria Education on importance of immunization Guidance to school children on hygiene practices Guidance to school children on proper nutrition Health workers education on management of diphtheria among primary school age children	Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms	Physical and Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in children under 5 years of age. -based on signs and symptoms of diphtheria including; - Fever Tests, Nasal/pharyngeal swabs for culture Antitoxin treatment with DAT immediately diphtheria is strongly suspected in school age children (without waiting for lab results) Antibiotic treatment (penicillin or erythromycin) to eliminate the bacteria and toxin production Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine during convalescence for school age children who are immunised/have not completed the appropriate course Isolation. Respiratory droplet isolation of school age children with respiratory diphtheria and contact precautions for those with cutaneous diphtheria Monitor and management of any diphtheria complications such as obstruction of the airways, systemic diphtheria -to the heart, kidney or peripheral nerves Emergency management for diphtheria complication such as airway obstructions
Referral Facility: Specialist
Guidance to school children on prevention of diphtheria Education on importance of immunization Guidance to school children on hygiene practices Guidance to school children on proper nutrition Health workers education on management of diphtheria among primary school age children	Identify close contacts such as caretakers, relatives, sexual contacts, friends, Health care workers Monitor close contacts for signs and symptoms of diphtheria Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) for close contacts Recording and reporting of diphtheria cases through established reporting mechanisms Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine for unvaccinated contacts and for Under-vaccinated contacts to complete their vaccination series	Tests, Nasal/pharyngeal swabs for culture Antitoxin treatment with DAT immediately diphtheria is strongly suspected in school age children (without waiting for lab results) Antibiotic treatment (penicillin or erythromycin) to eliminate the bacteria and toxin production Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine during convalescence for school age children who are immunised/have not completed the appropriate course Isolation. Respiratory droplet isolation of school age children with respiratory diphtheria and contact precautions for those with cutaneous diphtheria Monitor and management of any diphtheria complications such as obstruction of the airways, systemic diphtheria -to the heart, kidney or peripheral nerves Physical and Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in children under 5 years of age. -based on signs and symptoms of diphtheria including; - Fever

Condition: Acute Hepatitis B

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative
Community Level
Awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures Health Education on Hepatitis B Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week Awareness creation on other risky behaviours such as illicit drugs and sharing needles and other sharp objects; no sharing personal items Distribution of IEC materials on Heaptitis B Promote testing for HBV and for HIV/AIDs Provide Hepatitis B testing services. Community health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures	Catch-up immunization for older children who missed immunization as infants /The hepatitis B vaccine for:the primary school age not vaccinated at birth Screening the children at high risk –I,e children living with persons infected with Hepatitis B Linkage to health facilities		Recognition of features on Hepatitis B infection in primary school age children such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, tiredness, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Supportive management Relieve of pain with painkillers such as paracetamol Provision of plenty of fluids Provision of Healthy diet to the child Promote breastfeeding Encourage plenty of sleep Encourage Exercises Referral of a child suspected to have Hepatitis B to a health facility
Primary Care
School health education on risk factors for viral hepatitis and preventive measures	Universal precaution Hepatitis B Screening for high risk persons Hepatitis B vaccination Safe blood donation Safe injection practices Eliminate unnecessary injections Avoiding re-use of needles and syringes	• History • Physical examination • Viral hepatitis B serology • Point of care Viral load testing • Complete blood count • Urine test • Liver function tests • Liver ultrasound	Provision of high caloric diet Adequate of fluids Restricted physical activity Avoid hepatotoxic drugs Referral to next level health facility
Referral Facility: General
Education and awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures Education on safe sex practices among the primary school age children Distribution of IEC materials on Hepatitis B through schools Health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures	Hepatitis B Vaccination Screening for Hepatitis B for primary school age children at risk, e.g. those living with someone who has hepatitis B Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections, Avoid re-use of needles and syringes		Physical examination,Clinical examination and diagnosis of Hepatitis B Supportive management for patients with Acute Hepatitis B - Provision of Healthy diet - Plenty of fluids - Encourage Exercises - Encourage the patient with Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest Relieve of pain with painkillers Admission for patient with severe Acute Hepatitis B Administer anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B to prevent complications Monitoring and management of any complications including acute Liver failure Follow up Investigations Blood tests to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)Test for Chronic Hepatitis B indicated by persistent Hepatitis B surface antigen for at least 6 months - Test for Hepatitis A and C - Liver ultrasound - Liver Biopsy
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education and awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures Education on safe sex practices among the primary school age children Distribution of IEC materials on Hepatitis B through schools Health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures	Hepatitis B Vaccination Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections, Avoid re-use of needles and syringes Screening for Hepatitis B for primary school age children at risk, e.g. those living with someone who has hepatitis B; Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion		Physical examination Clinical examination and diagnosis of Hepatitis B Supportive management for patients with Acute Hepatitis B Provision of Healthy diet Plenty of fluids Encourage Exercises- Encourage the patient with Hepatitis B to have Enough sleep/rest Relieve of pain with painkillers Admission for patient with severe Acute Hepatitis B Administer anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B to prevent complications Monitoring and management of any complications including acute Liver failure Follow up Investigations Blood tests to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)Test for Chronic Hepatitis B indicated by persistent Hepatitis B surface antigen for at least 6 months Test for Hepatitis A and C - Liver ultrasound- Liver Biopsy

Condition: Hepatitis A

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness through schools and communities on Hepatitis A including risk factors;- Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Schools and community education on proper hygiene measures; Advice on Improved sanitation. Sensitize through schools and families on use of clean, safe water Community health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A including prevention measure Sensitization of teachers and school communities on Hepatitis A and prevention measures	School health programs Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through advice and sensitization on;- Proper hand hygiene Proper food hygiene including; proper cooking/heating Use clean safe water for drinking Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant .	Recognition of possible features of Hepatitis A including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Supportive Home remedies; Plenty of rest Plenty of fluids/hydration Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsen
Primary Care
Create awareness through schools and communities on Hepatitis A including risk factors Schools and community education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitationSensitize through schools and families on use of clean, safe water Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management Sensitization of teachers and school communities.	School health programs Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through advice and sensitization. Proper hand hygiene Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating Use clean safe water for drinking Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infection Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant	Physical and Clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis A based on signs and symptoms fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Advice on home remedies; Plenty of rest Plenty of fluids/hydration Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e. (no specific medicines except to relive symptoms) Monitor for any worsening of the condition/any complications Referral to a hospital if symptoms worsen
Referral Facility: General
Create awareness through schools and communities on Hepatitis A including risk factors Schools and community education on proper hygiene measures Advice on Improved sanitation Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Sensitize through schools and families on use of clean, safe water Sensitization of teachers and school communities Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management	Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through advice and sensitization. Proper hand hygiene Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating Use clean safe water for drinking Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant.	Physical and Clinical examination Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e. (no specific medicines except to relive symptoms) Investigations;- Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood - Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA Liver function tests Test also for hepatitis B and C Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Create awareness through schools and communities on Hepatitis A including risk factors Sensitization of teachers and school communities Schools and community education on proper hygiene measuresAdvice on Improved sanitation Sensitize through schools and families on use of clean, safe water Individuals education on the need for strict enteric precautions especially for individuals with HAV Health workers training /sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management	Reduce chances of infections and transmission to others through advice and sensitization. Proper hand hygiene Proper food hygiene including proper cooking / heating Use clean safe water for drinking Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent fecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant.	Physical and Clinical examination Investigations - Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood - Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA Liver function tests Test also for hepatitis B and C

Condition: Hepatitis E

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease the transmission mode and preventive measures Education on good hygiene practices Improve access to clean and safe drinking water - Water sources protection e g. protection of wells Strategies to address poverty especially for resource poor areasImprove access to good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities including in congregate populations Improve access to health servicesStrategies to reduce overcrowding such as in refugee camps where sanitation and safe water supply pose special challenges Community health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures	Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation Proper disposal of human waste /feaces Maintaining individual hygiene practices Consumption of clean safe water Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases	Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis E including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain,itching (without skin lesions), yellow color of the skin and whiteness of the eyes, with dark urine and pale stools Relieving fever through use of pain killers/tepid sponging Supportive treatment including, - proper nutrition - Adequate rest Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens
Primary Care
Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease,the transmission mode and preventive measures Education on good hygiene practicesImprove access to clean and safe drinking water Water sources protection e.g protection of wells Improve access to good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities including in congregate populations Strategies to address poverty especially for resource poor areasImprove access to health services Strategies to reduce overcrowding such as in refugee camps where Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures and management	Maintaining individual hygiene practices Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces - Consumption of clean safe water Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation	Physical and clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis E based on signs and symptoms including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain, itching (without skin lesions),jaundice,with dark urine and pale stools Supportive treatment including; - proper nutrition - Adequate rest Relieving fever through use of pain killers Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens
Referral Facility: General
Guidance on Proper disposal of human faeces Maintaining individual hygiene practices Consumption of clean safe water Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases) Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation		N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease Supportive treatment including: proper nutrition, Adequate rest relieving fever through use of pain killers Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination. Rule out hepatitis A Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.
Referral Facility: Specialist
Guidance onProper disposal of human faecesMaintaining individual hygiene practicesConsumption of clean safe waterConsumption of properly cooked meat and meat products consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases) Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation		N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease Supportive treatment including: proper nutrition, Adequate rest relieving fever through use of pain killers Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination. Rule out hepatitis A Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.

Condition: Diabetes mellitus

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Educate community to create awareness to identify diabetes symptoms early	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications	Immediate transfer of suspected diabetes cases to a higher-level health care facility	Self-management education Physical activity counselling and exercise training	Emotional and psychosocial support to patients and family members
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications	History and physical examination for diabetes mellitus Point of care testing Basic laboratory tests Condition-specific nutrition assessment and counselling Provision of blood glucose monitoring device and test strips Diabetic foot examination Test for visual acuity Counselling on home glucose monitoring Monitoring of blood glucose	Self-management education Physical activity counselling and exercise training	Emotional and psychosocial support to patients and family members
Referral Facility: General
		Healthy diet Physical activity Insulin Monitoring glycaemic control Prevent and treat diabetic ketoacidosis
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of diabetes, early treatment and complication prevention	Integrated counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, Encourage compliance with medications, and regular clinical check-ups and prevention of complications	Healthy diet Physical activity Insulin Monitoring glycaemic control Prevent and treat diabetic ketoacidosis Monitor long-term complications Manage complications	Self-management education Physical activity counselling and exercise training	Counseling for children with diabetes type 1 and their parents/families To help them adjust with the diagnosis and long term treatment Linkage to support groups Psycho social support to he child and parents to promoted adherence to medication

Condition: Rabies

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, immediate care measures after a bite. Community Health workers training on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Eliminating rabies in dogs-through Vaccinating dogs (multi-sectoral approach with veterinary departments) Advice and Referral to hospital for Immunization consideration for children living in, high rabies exposure risk areas ( As they play with animals, they may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites) Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Recognition of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include:if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated. The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable First aid to a child following a deep bite or scratch from an animal suspected to have rabies, through extensive wound washing—i.e thorough flushing and washing of the wound for a minimum of 15 minutes with soap and water, detergent,anti septic’s such povidone iodine Relive any pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Immediate Referral to a health facility for PEP vaccination and further management Report/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined
Primary Care
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites. Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite. Health workers training on rabies,prevention measures and its management	Advice and Referral to hospital for Immunization consideration for children living in, high rabies exposure risk areas ( As they play with animals, they may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites.) Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Physical and clinical examination Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable Immediate post exposure prophylaxis through Extensive washing; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics Immediate Referral to a hospital for further management including Immunization of people with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) Integrated bite case management through alerting the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community /quarantined
Referral Facility: General
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites. Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite. Health workers education on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Immunization of children with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) or before exposure Immunization consideration for children living in, high rabies exposure risk areas ( As they play with animals, they may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites) Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Physical and clinical examination, Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include:if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present,the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva; the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of all categorise exposures assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies; Extensive washing; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure, Administration of rabies vaccine, the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated. Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites. Education on dog behavior and bite prevention Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite. Health workers education on rabies ,prevention measures and its management	Immunization of children with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP) or before exposure Immunization consideration for children living in, high rabies exposure risk areas ( As they play with animals, they may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites) Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments	Physical and clinical examination, Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include; if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva; the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated,The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of all categorised exposures assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies Extensive washing ; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure; Administration of rabies vaccine the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated. Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined

Condition: Yellow Fever

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and Communities on immunization including vaccination schedule for young children	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever and other routine on schedule vaccination Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)	Recognition of Yellow Fever symptoms Supportive care (e.g., fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.) Referrals to a health facility if symptoms worsen
Primary Care
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and Communities on immunization including vaccination schedule for young children	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.) * Vaccination: Yellow fever and other routine on schedule vaccination Personal protective measures (mosquito repellent, long sleeved clothes)	Recognition of Yellow Fever symptoms Supportive care (e.g., fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.) Referrals to a health facility if symptoms worsen Report immediately to local authorities
Referral Facility: General
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and Communities on immunization including vaccination schedule for young children	Vaccination: Yellow fever	History and physical examination Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Supportive care (e.g. fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.) IV fluid hydration Treat mild complications Refer if severe or not responding
Referral Facility: Specialist
Strengthen families and community-based awareness on Yellow Fever including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and Communities on immunization including vaccination schedule for young children	Vaccination: Yellow fever	History and physical examination Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Treat bacterial infections with antibiotics IV fluid for rehydration Manage complications such as liver and kidney failure Manage fever with antipyretics Nutritional support

Condition: Acute Hepatitis C

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness to school age children on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measure Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis DayAwareness campaigns through schools Community health workers sensitization on Hepatitis C, including transmission & prevention measures school communities sensitization on Hepatitis C, including transmission & prevention measures	Guidance to children on Avoiding sharing personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers) Guidance to children on safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver Screening for Hepatitis C infection	Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis C in school children including fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes Supportive Home therapies for school children with Hepatitis C including - proper nutrition - Plenty of fluids - plenty of rest - relieve pain Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsens
Primary Care
Create awareness to school age children on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures. Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day/ school health days School communities sensitizations on Hepatitis C, including transmission and prevention measures. Health workers training on on Hepatitis C, including transmission, prevention measures and management .	Primary prevention , Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections, Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Screening for hepatitis C infection Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver	Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis of hepatitis C in primary school age children based on signs and symptoms including fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes. Supportive therapies for school age children with Hepatitis C including - proper nutrition - fluids therapy - plenty of rest - relieve of pain Monitor for any complications Referral to a hospital if symptoms worsens
Referral Facility: General
Create awareness to school age children on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures Mass awarenes creation on Heaptitis C eg through world hepatitis Day/ through schools ie schools health programs Health education to school age children on hepatitsi C Distribution of IEC materuials on Hepatitis C Training/sensitizing school communities on Hepatitis C, including transmission, prevention measures Health workers trainings on Hepatitis C including transmission, prevention measures and management	Primary prevention measures Injection safety, safe and appropriate use of health care injections Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Training of health personnel on hepatitis C Secondary prevention measures Screening, for hepatitis C infection Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to children with hepatitis C infection to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver.	Physical and clinical examination Monitor for any progression to Chronic Hepatitis C Diagnosis of hepatitis C in children based on signs and symptoms including fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes Supportive therapies for children with Hepatitis C including; - proper nutrition - fluids therapy - PLenty of rest - relieve of pain Monitor for any progression to Chronic Hepatitis C Follow up WHO -recommends Deferring anti-retroviral treatment for children aged less than 12 years with chronic HCV infection until 12 years of age
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health workers trainings on Hepatitis C, including transmission; prevention measures and management Training/sensitizing school communities on Hepatitis C, including transmission; prevention measures Health education to school age children on hepatitsi C Distribution of IEC materuials on Hepatitis C Mass awarenes creation on Heaptitis C eg through world hepatitis Day/ through schools ie. schools health programs	Primary prevention measures Training of health personnel on hepatitis C Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to children with hepatitis C infection to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver.	Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis of hepatitis C in children based on signs and symptoms including fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain and yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes Supportive therapies for children with Hepatitis C including proper nutrition; fluids therapy ; PLenty of rest; relieve of pain Monitor for any progression to Chronic Hepatitis C Follow up n/b WHO -recommends Deferring anti-retroviral treatment for children aged less than 12 years with chronic HCV infection until 12 years of age

Condition: Leprosy

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level

Primary Care
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy,signs and symptoms, and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy Community Health workers sensitization on Leprosy	Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy case Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment Strengthening surveillance for leprosy Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)	Identification of a presumptive leprosy case based on signs including presence of :- pale (lighter than normal skin) or Hypo pigmented skin patches, Guidance /Advice to the school age child with leprosy on self care including Care of Eyes, care of hands and feet, guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear Numbness in the hands and feet, Weakness and difficulty in normal movement of fingers/thumb/wrist/toes/ankles or eyelids; Painless injuries, blisters, burns or ulcers in hands and feet, presence of deformities such as clawing of fingers/ thumb, clawing of toes or inability to close eyes properly care for the patient with Leprosy including Care of Eyes; care of hands and feet, guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear Follow up Guidance and Ensuring adherence to treatment, for known leprosy patients Referral of a patient suspected to have Leprosy to a health facility for management Supporting a known leprosy patient o Ensure adherence to medicines	Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups –such groups encourage each other on self care needs Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy through a multi sectoral approach	Provide psycho social and counseling support services for school age children affected by leprosy and their families
Referral Facility: General
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy Health workers training on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management	Guidance to parents/families /;school communites of o ensuring school age going children avoid close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing Surveillance for leprosy Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation) Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities	physical and clinical examination Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs; Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment Prevention and management of disabilities. Guidance/Advice to parents on care for the child with Leprosy including Care of Eyes, care of hands and feet, guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear Referral to a hospital for definitive diagnosis and for further management Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes Guidance and Ensuring adherence to treatment for known leprosy patients	Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups, such groups encourage each other on self care needs Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities.	Provide psycho social and counseling support services for school age children affected by leprosy and their families
Referral Facility: Specialist
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy Health workers traiing on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management	Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment Surveillance for leprosy Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation) Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities	physical and clinical examination Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs: Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch * Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve* Hospital admission Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT) Prevention and management of disabilities. Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network.	Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups, such groups encourage each other on self care needs Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities.	Provide psycho social and counseling support services for school age children affected by leprosy and their families

Condition: Ascariasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Education and social mobilization for successful prevention and control of ascariasis Community-led total sanitation with market approaches (CLTS+), promotion of hygiene, building of latrines, and related SBC.	Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faecal matter Community-based deworming campaigns	Antispasmodics Analgesics Nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education on risk factors for ascariasis and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Mass drug administration with albendazole	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to primary school age children on ascariasis and prevention measures School children education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces School health programs/outreaches Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among school children	Guidance to parents and children on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Promote good nutrition for school age children Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to primary school age children on ascariasis and prevention measures School children education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces School health programs/outreaches Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among school children	Guidance to parents and children on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for school age children	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Condition: Tetanus

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness Creation among communities and families on Tetanus and preventive measures Creation of awareness on importance of school age children vaccination (booster) and on vaccination schedule Health education activities to increase community awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization School health programs Distribution of IEC materials on Tetanus Training the community Health workers on tetanus including prevention measures/on vaccination, detection of tetanus	Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes (booster vaccination) Advice to school age child/parents/families on proper wound care Proper care for minor Wounds-thorough cleaning of the wound and covering to prevent infections Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards	Recognition of symptoms indicative of tetanus in school age children including jaw cramping or the inability to open the mouth (lock jaw), muscle spasms often in the back, abdomen and extremities, sudden painful muscle spasms often triggered by sudden noises, trouble swallowing, seizures, Headache, fever and sweating Immediate referral to a health facility for a child suspected to have tetanus	Home based/community based physical therapy rehabilitation for muscle movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups
Primary Care
	Effective tetanus surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records. Outreach activities inorder to increase TT immunizaton Post exposure TT vaccination Booster Tetanus vaccination Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine /Immunization with tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCV), which are included in routine immunization programmes Proper wound care School based health programs including TT vaccination	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features Recognition of any signs and symptoms indicating severe or complications of RHD eg severe chest pain, feet oedema Relive pain Relive fever Management of inflammation with anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent infection with Group A streptococcus. Referral to a hospital
Referral Facility: General
Awareness Creation among school going age children on Tetanus and preventive measures Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization Distribution of IEC materials Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents	Post exposure vaccination for school going age children with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine Proper wound care for the school going age children Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting	** Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features Non-neonatal tetanus)requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)* Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti pyretic Immediate admission for school age child with tetanus(Tetanus is a medical emergency) Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) Prevention and management of any complications such as respiratory failure Referral to specialsed hospital for further managemnet eg Intensive care services to manage any complications/severe tetanus eg for ventilation Follow up	Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness Creation among school going age children on Tetanus and preventive measures Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization Distribution of IEC materials Training Health care workers on Tetanus prevention measures and management among adolescents	Post exposure vaccination for school going age children with Tetanus Toxoid containing vaccine Proper wound care for the school going age children Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of tetanus Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting	Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features Non-neonatal tetanus)requires at least one of the following signs: a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)* Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti pyretic Immediate admission for school age child with tetanus(Tetanus is a medical emergency) Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) Aggressive wound care for the school age child with tetanus Prevention and management of any complications such as respiratory failure Intensive care services to manage any complications/severe tetanus eg for ventilation Management/control of muscle spasms Administration of antibiotics Tetanus Vaccination for the school age child who has recovered from tetanus since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity Follow up	Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements	Psycho social support and counseling Linkage to patient support groups

Condition: Trichuriasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community engagement on the importance of clean water and safe sanitation and waste disposal Education and social mobilization for the prevention and control of trichuriasis	Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faecal matter Mass drug administration with albendazole Deworming	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Primary Care
Health education on risk factors for trichuriasis and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Guidance to parents on proper cleaning and cooking of food for school age children Guidance to school age children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for school age children Mass deworming for all school-age children through school health programs	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to primary school age children on Trichuriasis and prevention measures School children education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces School health programs/outreaches Deworming of school children Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among school children	Guidance to parents on proper cleaning and cooking of food for school age children Guidance to school age children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for school age children	Anthelmintic
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to primary school age children on Trichuriasis and prevention measures School children education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces School health programs/outreaches Deworming of school children Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management among school children	Guidance to parents on proper cleaning and cooking of food for school age children Guidance to school age children on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for school age children	Anthelmintic

Condition: Iodine deficiency

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
School-based education on nutritious diets Education of proprietors of schools on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities	School-based education on nutritious diets Education of proprietors of schools on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities Examination during home visits for presence of goiter and signs of hypothyroidism	Follow up cases of iodine deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice Refer children with suspected iodine deficiency to next level for further assessment and management
Primary Care
		Refer cases of iodine deficiency and cases of goiter to hospital for treatment
Referral Facility: General
		Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine

Condition: Vitamin A deficiency

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community awareness on appropriate and timely complementary feeding and healthy infant and young child nutrition Counselling on good hygiene practices including hand hygiene and quitting smoking Community engagement on Infant and Young Child Nutrition IYCN	Adequate dietary intake of vitamin A during and after weaning Good hygiene, sanitation practice Deworming for preschool children * Immunization Micronutrient supplementation including Vit. A	Counselling on use of therapeutic and supplementary foods
Primary Care
School- based education on nutritious diets Education of proprietors of schools on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities		Vitamin A Vitamin A-rich foods
Referral Facility: General
		Vitamin A Vitamin A-rich foods
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Vitamin A Vitamin A-rich foods

Condition: Leukemia

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Refer people with anaemia or easy bruising and bleeding or recurrent infection to next level for assessment	Immediate transfer of suspected cancer cases to a higher-level health care facility	Psychosocial support for people diagnosed with the disease Supervision of people diagnosed with the condition for compliance with management	Community and home-based care for providing pain relief Psychosocial support to patients and their families
Primary Care
		Immediate transfer of suspected cancer cases to a higher-level health care facility	Physical therapy
Referral Facility: General
		Immediate transfer of suspected cancer cases to a higher-level health care facility	Physical therapy Occupational therapy	Palliative care for providing relief of pain and other associated symptoms Psychosocial support to patients and their families
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Bone marrow or Stem cell transplantation Radiotherapy	Physical therapy Occupational therapy	Palliative care for providing relief of pain and other associated symptoms Psychosocial support to patients and their families

Condition: Breast cancer

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Health and Wellness education on diet management, regular exercise, weight management, reduced exposure to radiation, reducing alcohol intake and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke Pursue intersectoral collaborations, with Ministry of Agriculture and its agencies, that make nutritious food sources available and affordable Pursue intersectoral collaborations with Ministry of Environment, that reduce exposure to sources of radiation	Health Education on Breast Cancer–symptoms, risk factors, available treatment, need for prevention, early detection and early reporting for management		Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment	Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres
Primary Care
			Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles	Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centers
Referral Facility: General
		Institute Specialist teams to offer a combination of Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy depending on the stage of the condition Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ (DCIS) – Surgery and Radiotherapy
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Physical examination supportive therapy relive pain Nutritional support managemnet of any opportunistc infections Investigations Biopsy Ultrasoud MRI N/B Often when children have tumors in their breast tissue, the tumors aren’t cancerous but mainly fibroadenomas. (Benign in nature) Surgery to remove the tumour Radiotherapy follow up

Condition: Corpus uteri cancer

Health Promotion	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
		Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment	Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres
Primary Care
		Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles	Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centres
Referral Facility: General
	Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations

Condition: African trypanosomiasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
IEC on African trypanosomiasis to all age cohorts	The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly. Primary prevention emasures * Fly control measures clear bushes. Use insect repellent, vector control using a multisectoral appraoch use of Protective clothings: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants of medium-weight material in neutral colors that blend with the background environment. (Tsetse flies are attracted to bright or dark colors, and they can bite through lightweight clothing). Inspection of places before entry eg cars --since the flies are attracted to bright lights eg car lights The use of trypanotolerant breeds for livestock farming should be considered if the disease is widespread. Fly control is another option but is difficult to implement. screening -The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis T. b. gambiense (CATT) is a serologic screening test used for population screening Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage.
Primary Care
		Physical and clinical examinaton Direct observation of tredatrmnet offered at the hospital level (for outpatient referred back to primary facilities for obsaervation) Monitor any complicdations including adverse drugs reaction and refer Referal to a hospital for a patient suspected to have african trypanasomiasis
Referral Facility: General
		Physical and clinical examinaton Experienced staff to conduct clinical assessment For T.b. gambiense * Treatment under direct observation either through outpatient or as inpatients Admission/inpatient services Treatmnet with relevant medication first-line treatment or second line treatmnet aas indicated Management of relapses Mananagement of nay complications eg reduce the risk of encephalopathy Management of any adverse drug effects- eg Encephalopathy gastrointestinal and skin reactions, pyrexia, and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnostic tests Microscopy of fresh blood chancre fluid or lymph node aspirate Microscopy of celebral spinal fluid (CSF) (wet preparation)
Referral Facility: Specialist
		Physical and clinical examinaton Experienced staff to conduct clinical assessment For T.b. gambiense * Treatment under direct observation either through outpatient or as inpatients Admission/inpatient services Treatmnet with relevant medication first-line treatment or second line treatmnet aas indicated Management of relapses Mananagement of nay complications eg reduce the risk of encephalopathy Management of any adverse drug effects- eg Encephalopathy gastrointestinal and skin reactions, pyrexia, and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnostic tests Microscopy of fresh blood chancre fluid or lymph node aspirate Microscopy of celebral spinal fluid (CSF) (wet preparation)

Condition: Malaria

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative
Community Level
Mass media on malaria prevention measures * Community based campaigns to promote use of bed nets, early health seeking behaviour * Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control measures	Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larvicidal Environmental management Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC	Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalarial treatment Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalaria treatment Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care unit for cerebral malaria

Condition: Schistosomiasis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
	Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Vector control It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements. Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas	Treatment Praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight
Primary Care
IEC for all age cohorts Schistosomiasis, Hygiene	Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers,women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas Vector control It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements.
Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Condition: Echinococcosis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme	Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme	Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

Condition: Cysticercosis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level

Primary Care

Referral Facility: General
Widespread Improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions - Strict meat inspection	Health education - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers - Cooking pork and beef well - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces. Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices	Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures
Referral Facility: Specialist
Widespread Improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions - Strict meat inspection	Health education - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers - Cooking pork and beef well - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces. Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices	Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures

Condition: Autism and Asperger syndrome

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Create awareness on autism spectrum disorder to the community Families and community education to reduce stigma and discrimination Encourage a multi-sectoral approach to ensure children’s education and opportunities to engage and participate in their communities.	Monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care Encourage child’s physical activity Proper nutrition for child	Behavioural therapy Referral to the next level health facility	Parental/care givers skills training programme Home based Physiotherapy Physical exercises	Community based Social support system for patient families Linkage with education sector to promote access to educational facilities Long term psychosocial support and care for the children with severe disabilities
Primary Care
Provision of information on autism spectrum disorder to the parents and family members	Monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care Encourage child’s physical activity Proper nutrition for child	Behavioural therapy Referral to the next level health facility		Community based Social support system for patient families Linkage with education sector to promote access to educational facilities Long term psychosocial support and care for the children with severe disabilities
Referral Facility: General
Provision of information on autism spectrum disorder to the parents and family members	Monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care Encourage child’s physical activity Proper nutrition for child	Behavioural therapy Symptomatic Pharmacotherapy	Physiotherapy including physical exercises Speech and language therapy Social skills development training, Occupational therapy Sensory integration therapy	Community based Social support system for patient families Linkage with education sector to promote access to educational facilities Long term psychosocial support and care for the children with severe disabilities
Referral Facility: Specialist
Provision of information on autism spectrum disorder to the parents and family members	Monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care Encourage child’s physical activity Proper nutrition for child	Behavioural therapy Symptomatic Pharmacotherapy	Physiotherapy including physical exercises Speech and language therapy Social skills development training, Occupational therapy Sensory integration therapy	Community based Social support system for patient families Linkage with education sector to promote access to educational facilities Long term psychosocial support and care for the children with severe disabilities

Condition: Asthma

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures * Multi sectoral approach to ensure clean environments	Avoidance of aeroallergen Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke	Short-acting beta-2 agonist.
Primary Care
Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures	Avoidance of aeroallergen Avoidance of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia	Short-acting beta-2 agonist. Inhaled steroids Long-acting beta-2 agonists Buteyko or yoga breathing techniques
Referral Facility: General
Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures	Vaccination: influenza Vaccination: pneumonia Vaccination: COVID	Short-acting bronchodilator, Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA) Long-acting muscarinic agonist (LAMA) Supplemental oxygen Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) Counselling on personalised asthma management plan
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on triggers/ risk factors of asthma and preventive measures	Vaccination: influenza Vaccination: pneumonia Vaccination: COVID	Short-acting bronchodilator, Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA) Long-acting muscarinic agonist (LAMA) Supplemental oxygen Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

Condition: Conduct disorder

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
School-based life skills training to build social and emotional competencies Community awareness creation campaign on behavioural and emotional problems	Avoid use of alcohol or illicit drugs and smoking during pregnancy Avoiding exposure to physical or sexual abuse or domestic violence, Early treatment of parental substance use disorders or criminal behaviour Behavioural support for good behaviour and skills training to improve social competence in schools	Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Community based Social support for child and family Linkage to education sector to promote access to education Long term psychosocial support and care Parental/care givers skills training programme
Primary Care
Provide information to school age children their parents/families and communities at large on conduct disorder including prevention measures Health workers education on conduct disorder, prevention measures and interventions /management	Guidance to school age children,their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members Guidance to school children on Avoidance of substance abuse Advice to parents/families/schools on prevention of childhood abuse, Encourage parents/schools to avoid inconsistent discipline to the children Guidance to school age children on moral awareness Guidance to school children on social interactions with peers	Psychoeducation for patients and caregivers Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Social support for the child and family Linkage to education sector to promote access to education Long term psychosocial support and care Parental/care givers skills training programme
Referral Facility: General
Health workers training on conduct disorder, prevention measures and interventions /management Information to parents/families and communities at large on conduct disorder including prevention measures	Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers	Treat comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Group parent training programme Parent and child training programmes Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Social support for the child and family Linkage to education sector to promote access to education Long term psychosocial support and care Parental/care givers skills training programme
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health workers training on conduct disorder, prevention measures and interventions /management Information to parents/families and communities at large on conduct disorder including prevention measures	Guidance to adolescents, their parents/families on improving family interactions and communication among family members Guidance to adolescents on Avoidance of substance abuse Encourage parents to avoid inconsistent discipline to the adolescents Guidance to adolescents on moral awareness Guidance to adolescents on social interactions with peers	Treat comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Group parent training programme Parent and child training programmes Referral for specialized mental health and other needed services	Family therapy/counselling to help improve family interactions and communication among family members. Including to children Parent management training (PMT) -Specialized training that teaches parents ways to positively alter their child's behavior in the home.

Condition: Eating disorders

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation to communities on eating disorders and how to prevent them Distribution of IEC materials on eating disorders	Guidance to children on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating Education to children on effective ways of coping with emotions Education and guidance to school age children on health exercises Guidance to children on coping with peer pressure Protection of children from trauma including sexual abuse	Early recognition of signs indicative of eating disorder Referral to a health facility for children with eating disorder	Family & Community social support systems where people can share their feelings
Primary Care
Awareness creation to children, families, school communities on eating disorders and how to prevent them	Early identification of eating disorder among children Guidance/advice to children and their families on a healthy development before the occurrence of eating disorders. Guidance to children/parents/families on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating including body image Education to children on effective ways of coping with emotions Education and guidance to children on healthy physical exercises Guidance to children on coping with peer pressure	Early detection and management of eating disorders Nutrition counselling Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises Recognition and referral to a hospital for child with severe eating disorder, mental disorders and severe complications	Counselling services for school age children with eating disorders and their families Linkage of school children with eating disorders and their families to Self-help/ support groups
Referral Facility: General
Counselling of children, families, on causes and prevention of eating disorders.	Early identification of eating disorder among children Sensitize children and families on eating disorders, prevention measures and management. multi-sectoral engagement in addressing eating disorders	Assessment of mental and social wellbeing of children with eating disorder multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers Medical nutrition therapy Psychological interventions Cognitive behavioural therapy Behavioural therapy Oral medications for eating disorders Management of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders. Hospitalization for serious cases Referral	Counselling age children with eating disorders services for school Family therapy Linkage of school children with eating disorders and their families to Self-help / support groups
Referral Facility: Specialist
Counselling of children, families, on causes and prevention of eating disorders.	Early identification of eating disorder among children Sensitize children and families on eating disorders, prevention measures and management. multi-sectoral engagement in addressing eating disorders	Assessment mental and social wellbeing of the school age child with eating disorder multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists’ physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers Medical nutrition therapy Psychological interventions Cognitive behavioural therapy Behavioural therapy Oral medications for eating disorders Management of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders. Hospitalization for serious cases	Counselling age children with eating disorders services for school Family therapy Linkage of school children with eating disorders and their families to Self-help / support groups

Condition: Periodontal disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Create awareness on oral health including periodontal disease to the communities Increase knowledge and practices among the public through community programmes Fully integrating oral health into community health programmes. Community Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention measures	Daily oral hygiene measures to prevent periodontal disease including brushing properly on a regular basis (at least twice daily), Flossing daily Using an antiseptic mouthwash: Chlorhexidine gluconate-based mouthwash Adoption of healthy lifestyles such as use of healthy balanced diets Regular dental check-ups Community level screening for periodontal disease	Recognition of symptoms indicative of periodontal disease such as bleeding gums, drifted or loose teeth or a complaint of bad breath, Good oral hygiene /oral hygiene instructions including brushing and flossing Guidance on healthy diet/good nutrition Use of antiseptic mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Relieve of symptoms such as pain with analgesics Referral to a health facility for management of school age children with periodontal disease
Primary Care
Education to the school age children and their families on periodontal disease and prevention measures Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in children	Guidance to school age child on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing Guidance to the school age child on their role in improving periodontal health. Information and guidance to the school age child /to their parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis and or supportive periodontal therapy Screen school children for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.	Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth Treatment planning and Patient/parent education on the treatment choice Guidance to patient/parents /school age child on their role in improving periodontal health. Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support) Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Ensure that the patient or parents is/are motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal for the child Antimicrobial Medication, Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials Use of analgesics where there is pain Referal for school age child with periodontal disease to a hospital for further management and Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease
Referral Facility: General
Education to the school age children and their families on periodontal disease and prevention measures Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in children	Guidance to school age child on good oral hygiene practices including brushing; flossing Guidance to the school age child on their role in improving periodontal health. Information and guidance to the school age child/to their parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis or supportive periodontal therapy Screen school age children for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.	Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth Diagnostics including; * Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession * Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession * Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs or panoramic radiographs Treatment planning and school age child education on the treatment choice Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support) Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal. Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials Use of analgesics where there is pain Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss Management of any underlying conditions in school age child such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check ups after successful periodontal treatment
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education to the school age children and their families on periodontal disease and prevention measures Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention and management in children	Guidance to school age child on good oral hygiene practices including brushing; flossing Guidance to the school age child on their role in improving periodontal health. Information and guidance to the school age child/to their parents/families on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to the child’s oral health including prevention of periodontal disease Advice on frequent visits for dental prophylaxis or supportive periodontal therapy Screen school age children for periodontal diseases at every routine examination.	Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth Diagnostics including; Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs or panoramic radiographs Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support) Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal. Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials Use of analgesics where there is pain Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss Management of any underlying conditions in school age child such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check ups after successful periodontal treatment

Condition: Attention deficit/hyperactivity syndrome

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community education/awareness creation on ADHD Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD Community Health workers training/sensitization on ADHD	Physical exercise for the school children Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation	Recognition of symptoms indicative of ADHD including inattention, or excessive activity and impulsivity, which are otherwise not Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including; Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment,appropriate for a person's age. Referral to a health facility	Community/home based physical activities/Promote exercises	Children with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed. Help to the child and parents develop new skills, attitudes and ways of relating to each other. Linkage to Support groups to help children, their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns. Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system
Primary Care
Community education/awareness creation on ADHD Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD Health workers training on ADHD	Awareness caretion on prevention measures including: Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances, such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation Physical exercise for the school children	physical and clinical examination Symptomatic diagnosis of AHDD-Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior and impulsivity Diagnosis based on assessment of child’s behavioral and mental development (must be diagnosed by the age of six) Referral to a hospital Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including, Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation; and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment,	Physical therapy Promote exercises	Children with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed. Help to the child and parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of relating to each other. Linkage to Support groups to help children, their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns. Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system
Referral Facility: General
Community education/awareness creation on ADHD Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD Health workers training on ADHD	Physical exercise for the school children Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides Awareness creation on prevention measures including: Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation	physical and clinical examination Symptomatic diagnosis of AHDD-Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior and impulsivity Diagnosis based on assessment of child’s behavioral and mental development (must have been diagnosed by the age of six) Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including; Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment, Medication therapy (e.g. use of non-stimulants & stimulants) to reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve ability to focus, work, learn and physical coordination. Monitoring and management of complications including those related to medication use including headaches; increased anxiety and irritability Rule out effects of drugs, medications and other medical or psychiatric problems as the cause of ADHD Follow up	Physical therapy Promote exercises	Children with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed. Help to the child and parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of relating to each other. Linkage to Support groups to help school children, their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns. Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community education/awareness creation on ADHD Advocacy for ADHD including provision of services for persons with ADHD Health workers training on ADHD	Physical exercise for the school children Reduction of exposure to Children to certain toxic substances such industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides Awareness creation on prevention measures including: Prevention of child abuse, neglect or social deprivation	physical and clinical examination Symptomatic diagnosis of AHDD-Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior and impulsivity Diagnosis based on assessment of child’s behavioral and mental development (must have been diagnosed by the age of six) Rule out effects of drugs, medications and other medical or psychiatric problems as the cause of ADHD Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions including; Behavioral therapy to help the patient change their behavior Cognitive behavioral therapy to teach on mindfulness techniques or meditation and help patient adjust to the life changes that come with treatment. Medication therapy (e.g. use of non-stimulants & stimulants) to reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve ability to focus, work, learn and physical coordination. Monitoring and management of complications including those related to medication use including headaches; increased anxiety and irritability Follow up	Physical therapy Promote exercises	Children with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents, families and teachers to reach their full potential and to succeed. Help to the child and parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of relating to each other. Linkage to Support groups to help school children, their parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns. Linkage with schools and advice on Specific behavioral classroom management e.g. teacher-implemented reward system

Condition: Migraine

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education and awareness creation/information to school age children/families on migraine headache, prevention measures Community Health worker training on migraine, prevention , recognition and management at the community level	Advice to parents and the school age children on lifestyle factors that the child need to avoid or the migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including, irregular or skipped meals, irregular or too little sleep, astressful lifestyle, lack of exercise, obesity Encourage parents and the school age child to participate actively in their treatment and to employ management principles including. Monitoring the child to identify factors influencing migraine Managing migraine triggers effectively Pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine Ensure the child has a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine Ensure the child relaxes enough Ensure the child has good sleep hygiene Help the child to develop stress management skills Using acute and prophylactic medication on the child	Recognition/Identification of features suggestive of migraine I headache in children including: Complaints of Headache (usually on both right and left side of the head or the front), Vomiting irritability gastrointestinal disturbance sensitivity to light and/sound Supportive therapy for the child with migraine headache through Ensuring adequate rest/sleep, regular meals help the child to exercise Give adequate fluids especially if the child is vomiting Use of painkillers such as ibuprofen/paracetamol Monitor for any features of worsening of the condition of the child with migraine and referrer to a health facility for further management.	Relaxation therapy e.g massage therapy to relive migraine	Counselling and patient/parents/families education on use and adherence to the medication for the child according to the prescription
Primary Care

Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Condition: Hookworm disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community engagement on the importance of clean water and safe sanitation and waste disposal Education and social mobilization for the prevention and control of hook worm infection	Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faecal matter Deworming and iron supplementation MDA with albendazole	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Primary Care
Health education on risk factors for hook worm infection and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Deworming and iron supplementation	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics Iron supplementation
Referral Facility: General
Health education on risk factors for hook worm infection and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Advice to school age children on use of safe Drinking water Advice to parents/families/schools on Properly cleaning and cooking food Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g use of shoes, gloves when gardening Guidance on proper handwashing/hand hygiene Guidance on proper human waste disposal	Anthelmintic Iron supplementation Blood transfusion
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on risk factors for hook worm infection and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Advice to school age children on use of safe Drinking water Advice to parents/families/schools on Properly cleaning and cooking food Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g use of shoes, gloves when gardening Guidance on proper handwashing/hand hygiene Guidance on proper human waste disposal	Diagnosis based of the different clinical entities of hookworm disease i.e. Classic hookworm disease (gastrointestinal (GI) infection), Cutaneous larva migrans and Eosinophilic enteritis Nutritional support/therapy to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron, Protein) Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to school age children with hook worm disease Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin. Local cryotherapy to destroy the hookworms while still in the skin Management of anemia and its complications (use of iron supplements, vitamin C. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements) Diagnostic tests Examination of a stool sample to identify hookworm eggs Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies Chest X-ray to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.

Condition: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Create awareness on respiratory tract infections including prevention measures (hand feeding, bottle feeding) Distribution of IEC materials on lower respiratory tract infections Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing Community mobilisation for routine immunisation especially for the pneumococcal vaccine	Good hygiene practices including hand washing Avoidance of smoking within the household Avoidance of secondary exposure to smoke Avoidance of biomass combustion (particularly indoor cooking fires) and Avoidance of air pollutants Observation of good hygiene practices in food preparation for the children Encourage utilization of safe portable water in homes and communities Counselling on WASH services (use of safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene) Early recognition of danger signs by the family members Preventive zinc supplements Vaccination: rotavirus	Recognition of LRTI signs and symptoms	First-line antibiotic treatment Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility Syndromic diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and management with oral antimicrobials Oral antipyretics Oral hydration * Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral
Primary Care
Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment	Good hygiene practices including hand washing Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke Immunizations Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination: seasonal influenza Vaccination: COVID-19 Vaccination: diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccines (DTPCV)	History Physical examination Pulse Oximetry	First-line antibiotic treatment Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility History and physical examination for lower respiratory infections Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral Pulse oximetry Point of care testing Inhaled bronchodilators for lower respiratory infections Oral antimicrobials for acute lower respiratory tract infections Oral antipyretics for acute lower respiratory tract infections Intramuscular antimicrobials for lower respiratory tract infections Education for home-based monitoring for danger signs History and physical examination for lower respiratory infections Basic laboratory tests Point of care testing Supplemental oxygen Inhaled bronchodilators for lower respiratory infections
Referral Facility: General
Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment	Immunizations	History Physical examination Pulse Oximetry Full blood count, Chest radiography	Parenteral antibiotics Oxygen therapy IV fluids	Post-pneumonia pulmonary rehabilitation
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment	Immunizations	History Physical examination Pulse Oximetry Full blood count, Chest radiography	Parenteral antibiotics Oxygen therapy IV fluids Intensive care for severe disease	Post-pneumonia pulmonary rehabilitation

Condition: Non-migraine headache

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
	Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including; Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Adherence to any medication as prescribes	Recognition of features indicative of non-migraine headache including, Mild to moderate, non-pulsating pain on both sides of the head; Pain that's not worsened by physical activity; one sided headache (headaches not accompanied by nausea or vomiting, as is often the case with migraine Drinking plenty of water Use of over the counter pain killers such as ibuprofen keeping a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches such as vomiting, blurred vision Referral to a health facility for management of serious headaches
Primary Care
Provide information to school age children on headaches their prevention measures and their treatment. Health workers training on the different types on non migraine head aches, their prevention and treatment measures	Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including; Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Adherence to any medication as prescribes	Physical and clinical examination Diagnosis of headaches based on the history and clinical features Guidance to patient on keeping a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke, Referral to a hospital for management of serious headaches or headaches due to other underlying conditions
Referral Facility: General
	Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors. Including Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Adherence to any medication as prescribes	Physicaland clinical examination Identify and distinguish the different types of non-migraine headaches based the clinical features including; For tensional headache, usually mild or moderate; more generalized and typically described as pressure or tightness For cluster headache, severe headache strictly unilateral around the eye, red and watering eyes with running or blocked nostrils and marked agitation Medication over use headache -usually due to chronic use of medication mainly for migraine or tension headache (usually diagnosed if symptoms improve within 2 months of medicine withdrawal) Encourage patient to keep a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer,HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke, Management of any underlying conditions causing headaches Patients follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors. Including Getting plenty of sleep, Staying physically active, Eating healthy meals and snacks, Drinking plenty of water daily, Management of stress. Practicing relaxation techniques Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine Adherence to any medication as prescribes	Physical and clinical examination Identify and distinguish the different types of non-migraine headaches based the clinical features including; For tensional headache, usually mild or moderate; more generalized and typically described as pressure or tightness For cluster headache, severe headache strictly unilateral around the eye, red and watering eyes with running or blocked nostrils and marked agitation Medication over use headache -usually due to chronic use of medication mainly for migraine or tension headache (usually diagnosed if symptoms improve within 2 months of medicine withdrawal) Encourage patient to keep a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including; Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower Massage Meditation Neck stretching Relaxation exercises Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer,HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke, Management of any underlying conditions causing headaches Patients follow up

Condition: Dental Caries

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community awareness on dental caries and prevention measures Multi sectoral approach in addressing socio-cultural determinants such as poor living conditions Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring access to clean safe water Community water fluoridation Community/school dental outreach services Training community health workers on dental caries including prevention measures	Oral hygiene through regular cleaning of teeth -tooth brushing and flossing Diet modification -use of low sugar diets Use of fluoridated tooth pastes Avoidance of tobacco use. Avoidance of alcohol use Screening for early detection of dental caries	Recognition of signs of dental caries including pain and difficulty with eating holes in teeth Pain relief with pain medications such as paracetamol and ibuprofen Recognition of symptoms of complications of dental caries including swelling of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss and infection or abscess formation Referral to a health facility for management
Primary Care
Community awareness on dental caries and prevention measures Multi sectoral approach in addressing socio-cultural determinants such as poor living conditions Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring access to clean safe water Community water fluoridation Community dental outreach services Training health workers on dental caries including prevention measures	Oral hygiene education Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs Early screening for dental caries	Oral Hygiene instructions Relieve of pain with analgesics Monitor any complications of caries including development of abscesses Monitor and manage for any complication such as gum inflammations and dental abscesses Referral to a hospital for further management
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness on dental caries and prevention measures Multi sectoral approach in addressing socio-cultural determinants such as poor living conditions Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring access to clean safe water Community water fluoridation Community dental outreach services Training health workers on dental caries including prevention measures	Oral hygiene education Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs Application of topical fluorides/application of fluorides to prevent caries Application of sealants Early screening for dental caries
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness on dental caries and prevention measures Multi sectoral approach in addressing socio-cultural determinants such as poor living conditions Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring access to clean safe water Community water fluoridation Community dental outreach services Multi sectoral approach in addressing socio-cultural determinants such as poor living conditions Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring access to clean safe water Community water fluoridation Community dental outreach services Training health workers on dental caries including prevention measures	Early screening for dental caries Oral hygiene education Advice on oral hygiene -teeth brushing and flossing Advice on healthy diets -avoidance of sugars Tobacco and alcohol cessation programs Application of topical fluorides/application of fluorides to prevent caries Application of sealants

Condition: Rheumatic Heart Disease

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation among the communities/families on Rheumatic Heart disease including prevention measures Awareness creation on risk factors of Rheumatic heart disease such as overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions Distribution of IEC materials on RHD Promote multi-sectoral approach in promoting improvement in environmental conditions such as housing conditions, improving the standards of living Advocacy for Improved access health services including to oral health care, access to life saving heart surgery Community health workers training on RHD	Guidance on healthy hygiene practice for school age child Seek treatment early for any child with sore throat or any infections Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the school age child Guidance to the school age child their families/parents to ensure that the child takes antibiotics as prescribed and to complete the dose as instructed.	Recognition of symptoms indicative of RHD including fever, painful joints especially knees ankles, elbows and wrists, pain that moves between different joints, fatigue, jerky uncontrollable body movements, nodules under the skin near joints and/or a non-itchy rash Relive of pain with pain killers Relieve of fever with ibuprofen or through tepid sponging Proper nutrition for child suspected to have RHD Ensure adherence to any prescribed medicines such as antibiotics Recognition of symptoms indicative of worsening of the condition such as complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of the stomach, hands or feet Early Referral to a health facility	Psychosocial support and counselling to reduce stress associated with the prolonged treatment or admission Linkage with social and support services
Primary Care
Awareness creation among the communities/families on Rheumatic Heart disease including prevention measures Awareness creation on risk factors of Rheumatic heart disease such as overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions Distribution of IEC materials on RHD Promote multi-sectoral approach in promoting improvement in environmental conditions such as housing conditions, improving the standards of living Advocacy for Improved access health services including to oral health care, access to life saving heart surgery Community health workers training on RHD	Guidance to parents/families/children on healthy hygiene practice Advice to parents/families/school age child on the need for seeking treatment early for any child with sore throat or any signs of infection such as fever Promoting good nutrition for children Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the school age children Advice to school age children on the need to ensure Adherence to antibiotics medication Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to reduce the risk of Rheumatic fever and possible eventual progression to Rheumatic Heart disease		Psychosocial support and counselling for the child and their families/parents for any psychological trauma due to the long nature of treatment
Referral Facility: General
Awareness creation among the communities/families on Rheumatic Heart disease including prevention measures Awareness creation on risk factors of Rheumatic heart disease such as overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions Distribution of IEC materials on RHD Promote multi-sectoral approach in promoting improvement in environmental conditions such as housing conditions, improving the standards of living Advocacy for Improved access health services including to oral health care, access to life saving heart surgery Community health workers training on RHD	Guidance to parents/families/children on healthy hygiene practice Advice to parents/families/school age child on the need for seeking treatment early for any child with sore throat or any signs of infection such as fever, Promoting good nutrition for children Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the school age children Advice to school age children on the need to ensure Adherence to antibiotics medication* Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to reduce the risk of Rheumatic fever and possible eventual progression to Rheumatic Heart disease Early identification and treatment of Rheumatic fever to reduce the likelihood of Rheumatic Heart disease	Complete Physical and clinical examination Diagnostics -tests including; Throat swab culture for evidence of streptococcus infection Blood tests Echocardiogram (echo)-. check the heart's chambers and valves. Electrocardiogram (ECG)-.To test the strength and timing of the electrical activity of the heart. Chest x-rays Cardiac MRI Relive pain Relive fever Management of inflammation with anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or corticosteroids Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent infection with Group A streptococcus. -use/Benzathine penicillin G Early identification and treatment of ARF, as well as interventions to prevent recurrences of ARF and therefore reduce the likelihood of RHD.-use of antibiotics, Admissions for management of severe disease/complications Management of heart failure or heart rhythm abnormalities heart failure e.g.with diuretics, beta blockers Prevention and management of clotting with blood thinners Anti-coagulants Surgical interventions including Cardiac catheterization to repair damaged valves or ICU services for severely ill patients e.g. post-surgery Follow up	Psychosocial support and counselling for child and families for any psychological trauma due to the long nature of treatment
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness creation among the communities/families on Rheumatic Heart disease including prevention measures Awareness creation on risk factors of Rheumatic heart disease such as overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions Distribution of IEC materials on RHD Promote multi-sectoral approach in promoting improvement in environmental conditions such as housing conditions, improving the standards of living Advocacy for Improved access health services including to oral health care, access to life saving heart surgery Community health workers training on RHD	Guidance to parents/families/children on healthy hygiene practice Advice to parents/families/school age child on the need for seeking treatment early for any child with sore throat or any signs of infection such as fever, Promoting good nutrition for children Teaching/guidance on Good oral hygiene practices for the school age children Advice to school age children on the need to ensure Adherence to antibiotics medication Early identification and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics such as penicillin to reduce the risk of Rheumatic fever and possible eventual progression to Rheumatic Heart disease Early identification and treatment of Rheumatic fever to reduce the likelihood of Rheumatic Heart disease	Complete Physical and clinical examination Diagnostics -tests including; Throat swab culture for evidence of streptococcus infection Blood tests Echocardiogram (echo)-. check the heart's chambers and valves. Electrocardiogram (ECG)-.To test the strength and timing of the electrical activity of the heart. Chest x-rays Cardiac MRI Relive pain Relive fever Management of inflammation with anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or corticosteroids Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent infection with Group A streptococcus. -use/Benzathine penicillin G Early identification and treatment of ARF, as well as interventions to prevent recurrences of ARF and therefore reduce the likelihood of RHD.-use of antibiotics, Admissions for management of severe disease/complications Management of heart failure or heart rhythm abnormalities heart failure e.g.with diuretics, beta blockers Prevention and management of clotting with blood thinners Anti-coagulants Surgical interventions including Cardiac catheterization to repair damaged valves or ICU services for severely ill patients e.g. post-surgery Follow up	Psychosocial support and counselling for child and families for any psychological trauma due to the long nature of treatment

Condition: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Awareness creation on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Community Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and management at community level Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing	Proper nutrition for the child Hand hygiene practices for parents/caregivers and the school children Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Ensure Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines . Seek treatment early for any child with illness	Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, sore throat, red waterly or sore eyes Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of fluids for the patient Plenty of rest Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Provide Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines Early treatment of URTI in school Age children	Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines Early treatment of URTI in school. Age children	Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g.pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines Early treatment of URTI in school. Age children	Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g.pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways

Condition: Dietary iron deficiency

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative
Community Level
Promote appropriate and timely complementary feeding and healthy nutrition including micronutrient dietary diversification and dietary modification	Timely and appropriate complementary feeding especially dietary diversification and frequency of feeding Deworming * Integrated vector control measures (use of bed nets and indoor residual spraying) * Mothers Support Groups (MSGs) to prepare local micronutrient rich diversified complementary foods	Recognition of dietary iron deficiency signs and symptoms	Treatment with anti-helminths Treatment with anti-malaria Immediate transfer of severe symptoms to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Education on appropriate feeding and healthy nutrition including micronutrient dietary diversification and dietary modification	Routine prenatal supplementation of iron and folate Multiple Micronutrient Supplements Deworming * Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) Early detection and treatment of malaria	History Physical examination Haemoglobin Haematocrit Complete blood count Stool exam Malaria RDT	Daily iron suplate II supplementation +malaria chemoprophylaxis - Deltaprim Oral iron sulphate tablets Immediate transfer of severe anaemia to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Advice to parents on ensuring breastfeeding including early initiation, exclusive breastfeeding Counselling on appropriate and timely complementary feeding and healthy infant and young child nutrition including micronutrient dietary diversification and dietary modification Counselling on good hygiene practices including hand hygiene Community based MUAC and bilateral edema screening for early identification * Community engagement on Infant and Young Child Nutrition IYCN * Education on use of safe water and good compound practices * Counselling on when to seek medical help at facility level. * Promotion of food safety, appropriate and safe sanitation facilities, safely managed drinking source, water treatment, safe clean play areas * Promote safe blood donation Build capacity of CHWS * Counselling on feeding the sick child	Routine prenatal supplementation of iron and folate Routine haemoglobin screening for early detection	History Physical examination Haemoglobin Haematocrit Complete blood count Stool exam Malaria RDT	Treat underlying cause Oral iron sulphate Blood transfusion for severe anaemia
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education on appropriate feeding and healthy nutrition including micronutrient dietary diversification and dietary modification	Routine prenatal supplementation of iron and folate Routine haemoglobin screening for early detection	History Physical examination Haemoglobin Haematocrit Complete blood count Serum ferritin level Bone marrow	Treat underlying cause Oral iron sulphate Parenteral iron Blood transfusion for severe anaemia

Condition: Vaccine Preventable Diseases

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Strengthen community health workers knowledge on vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) Strengthen families and community-based awareness on VPDs including transmission and prevention measures * Information and health education to parents, families and Communities on immunization including vaccination schedule for young children * Community education on proper nutrition for young children	Routine on schedule vaccination for infants and children Guidance on good hygiene practices including hand hygiene and stay at home if any symptoms of VPDs Avoiding close contact with people with VPDs	Recognition of VPDs symptoms Referrals to a health facility if symptoms worsen * Supportive care (e.g., fever reduction, hydration, feeding, etc.)
Primary Care
Strengthen families and community- based awareness on VPDs including transmission and prevention measures/awareness raising campaigns Create awareness among family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule Guidance on hygiene during childhood Sensitization/education on appropriate nutrition for children Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose Appropriate storage and delivery of vaccines on optimal temperature	Routine vaccination on schedule by infants and children * Vitamin A supplementation Guidance on good hygiene practices including hand hygiene and stay at home if any symptoms of VPDs Avoiding close contact with people with VPDs	Recognition of danger signs of vaccine preventable diseases Antimicrobial therapy when indicated Monitor and manage complications such as apnoea, cyanosis, pneumonia, encephalopathy Report and refer immediately suspected cases of VPDs
Referral Facility: General
Awareness to parents on VPDs and prevention measures Guidance on hygiene practices for children including hand hygiene, cough etiquette Guidance on good nutrition/diet for the children	Routine childhood vaccinations, timely and complete	History and physical examination Manage complications accordingly Oral antibiotics if indicated Supportive therapy Antipyretics for fever and analgesics for aches/pains Nutritional support and supplementation years of age with VPD Hydration /fluids administration
Referral Facility: Specialist
Awareness to parents on VPDs and prevention measures Guidance on hygiene practices for children including hand hygiene; cough etiquette Guidance on good nutrition/diet for the children	Routine childhood vaccinations, timely and complete	Physical and Clinical examination Hospitalisation of severely ill Oral antibiotics for complications IV antibiotics for complications Monitoring /special attention to prevent and manage any complications e.g., apnea and pneumonia Oral Vitamin A IV fluid for rehydration ICU services for severely ill Laboratory tests (serology, culture, etc...) Close follow up

Condition: COVID-19

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Promote hand washing facilities Promote use of face masks Promote maintenance of physical and social distance	Vaccine: COVID 19 Wash hands with running water and soap following all contact with sick persons or their immediate environment. Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions or stool of the patient. Avoid sharing toothbrushes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths or bed linen with the sick person. Persons with symptoms should remain at home until their symptoms are resolved based on either clinical and/or laboratory findings. All household members should be considered contacts and their health should be monitored. Keep physical distance of at least 1 metre apart from others, even if they don’t appear to be sick. Wear a properly fitted mask when physical distancing is not possible or when in poorly ventilated settings.	Surveillance and Point of care test Community Quarantine Eating balanced diet Isolation and referral to next level
Primary Care
Screening of vulnerable groups Promote hand washing facilities Promote use of face masks Promote maintenance of physical and social distance	Vaccine: COVID 19 Wash hands with running water and soap following all contact with sick persons or their immediate environment. Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions or stool of the patient. Avoid sharing toothbrushes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths or bed linen with the sick person. Persons with symptoms should remain at home until their symptoms are resolved based on either clinical and/or laboratory findings. All household members should be considered contacts and their health should be monitored. Keep physical distance of at least 1 metre apart from others, even if they don’t appear to be sick. Wear a properly fitted mask when physical distancing is not possible or when in poorly ventilated settings	Surveillance and testing Community Quarantine Eating balanced diet Isolation and referral to next level
Referral Facility: General
Screening of vulnerable groups Promote hand washing facilities Promote use of face masks Promote maintenance of physical and social distance	Conduct routine and mass Vaccination Active case finding in the community Education on infection prevention control, including cough etiquette	History and physical examination Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral Advanced laboratory tests Basic laboratory tests Supplemental oxygen Basic imaging (Ultrasound, X-ray) Treat bacterial infections with antibiotics Oral or IV fluid for rehydration Oral or IM antipyretics Oral or IV or IM steroids Manage complications such as liver and kidney failure Mechanical ventilation (non-invasive) Antiviral medications Immunomodulators		Pulmonary rehabilitation for post-pneumonia
Referral Facility: Specialist
Screening of vulnerable groups Promote hand washing facilities Promote use of face masks Promote maintenance of physical and social distance	Conduct routine and mass Vaccination Active case finding in the community Education on infection prevention control, including cough etiquette	History and physical examination Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral Advanced laboratory tests Basic laboratory tests Supplemental oxygen Basic imaging (Ultrasound, X-ray) Treat bacterial infections with antibiotics Oral or IV fluid for rehydration Oral or IM antipyretics Oral or IV or IM steroids Manage complications such as liver and kidney failure Mechanical ventilation (non-invasive) Antiviral medications Immunomodulators	Screening of vulnerable groups Promote hand washing facilities Promote use of face masks Promote maintenance of physical and social distance

Condition: Renal Injury (acute renal failure)

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Educate, parents, teachers, community on measures to prevent kidney injuries and infections by avoiding excessive dehydration, misuse of drugs and trauma	Adequate hydration Avoid nephrotoxic medicines and traditional herbs Early treatment seeking for malaria and other infections Keep drugs and harmful substances away from children Safe environment for play	Early recognition of kidney disease symptoms such as fever, flank pain, scanty/coloured urine and seek health care early Early treatment of malaria and other infections
Primary Care
Educate, parents, teachers, community on measures to prevent kidney injuries and infections by avoiding excessive dehydration, misuse of drugs	Adequate hydration, Early recognition of kidney disease symptoms Avoid nephrotoxic medicines and traditional herbs Safe environment for play	Early recognition of kidney disease symptoms Early treatment of acute febrile illnesses such as malaria * Advice on adequate hydration
Referral Facility: General
Educate, parents, teachers, community on measures to prevent kidney injuries and infections by avoiding excessive dehydration, misuse of drugs	Adequate hydration, Early recognition of kidney disease symptoms and seek health care early * Avoid nephrotoxic medicines and traditional herbs Safe environment for play	Laboratory investigations such as urine, blood to diagnose the underlying diseases * Treat early treatable urinary tract infections and other febrile illnesses * Adequate hydration, In case of kidney trauma, toxicity and overdose of medicines stabilize and refer to the next level
Referral Facility: Specialist
Educate, parents, teachers, community on measures to prevent kidney injuries and infections by avoiding excessive dehydration, misuse of drugs and trauma	Adequate hydration, Early recognition of kidney disease symptoms such as fever, flank pain, scanty/coloured urine and seek health care early * Avoid nephrotoxic medicines and traditional herbs Safe environment for play	Laboratory investigations such as urine analysis, renal function tests, Screen for congenital renal diseases Basic Imaging modalities (x-ray, contrast x-ray, ultrasound, Advance imaging modalities( CT scan, MRI) Treat renal diseases according the diagnosis * Renal dialysis for acute and chronic renal failures * Surgical management for trauma to the kidneys

Condition: Sickle cell anemia/disorder

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community education and awareness on sickle cell disease * Community education and sensitization with links to civil society organizations, parents’ groups, schools, and school clubs Sensitize and use local governance structures to establish community-based intervention program	Genetic counselling for carriers of haemoglobin disorders, including premarital counselling Prophylaxis for infection, pneumococcal vaccines, oral penicillin, Insecticide treated bed nets, Prophylaxis for Malaria Folate supplementation with folic acid	Immediate transfer of severe anaemia to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Community education and awareness on sickle cell disease * Community education and sensitization with links to civil society organizations, parents’ groups, schools, and school clubs Sensitize and use local governance structures to establish community-based intervention program	Insecticide treated bed nets, Prophylaxis for Malaria Folate supplementation with folic acid	Management of pain Referral to the next higher level Folic acid
Referral Facility: General
Patient education and awareness on sickle cell disease, physical activity and need of being mobile, breathing techniques	Genetic counselling for carriers of haemoglobin disorders, including premarital counselling Prophylaxis for infection, pneumococcal vaccines, oral penicillin, Prophylaxis for Malaria Folate supplementation with folic acid	Condition-specific nutrition assessment and counselling Chemoprophylaxis for sickle cell disease Oral hydroxyurea for prevention of vaso-occlusive crises Oral or intravenous fluid rehydration Supplemental oxygen Analgesics for pain relief Antibiotics for bacterial infections Blood and blood product transfusion Referral to the next level facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
Patient education and awareness on sickle cell disease, physical activity and need of being mobile, breathing techniques	Genetic counselling for carriers of haemoglobin disorders, including premarital counselling Prophylaxis for infection, pneumococcal vaccines, oral penicillin, Prophylaxis for Malaria Folate supplementation with folic acid	Chemoprophylaxis Oral hydroxyurea IV fluids Supplemental oxygen IV/IM analgesics IV/IM antibiotics Blood and blood product transfusion Splenectomy Red cell exchange transfusion

Condition: Ebola

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Counselling about handwashing with soap Counselling on WASH services (use of safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene)	Vaccination: Ebola virus disease Reduce risk of wildlife-to-human transmission by avoiding contact with infected fruit bats, monkeys, apes, forest antelope or porcupines and the consumption of their raw meat * Reduce risk of human-to-human transmission by avoiding direct or close contact with people with Ebola symptoms, particularly with their bodily fluids Safe and dignified burial of the dead Identifying people who may have been in contact with someone infected with Ebola and monitoring their health for 21 days, Separate the healthy from the sick to prevent further spread, Good hygiene and maintaining a clean environment. Safe sex practice for men who have survived Ebola disease Frequent ANC attendance of pregnant women who have survived Ebola	Report suspected cases accordingly * Referral to the next level
Primary Care
Counselling about handwashing with soap Counselling on WASH services (use of safe water supply; sanitation and hygiene)	Vaccination: Ebola virus disease Reduce risk of wildlife-to-human transmission by avoiding contact with infected fruit bats, monkeys, apes, forest antelope or porcupines and the consumption of their raw meat * Reduce risk of human-to-human transmission by avoiding direct or close contact with people with Ebola symptoms, particularly with their bodily fluids Safe and dignified burial of the dead Identifying people who may have been in contact with someone infected with Ebola and monitoring their health for 21 days, Separate the healthy from the sick to prevent further spread, Good hygiene and maintaining a clean environment. Safe sex practice for men who have survived Ebola disease Frequent ANC attendance of pregnant women who have survived Ebola disease	Report suspected cases accordingly Rapid antigen detection tests Referral to the next level
Referral Facility: General
Counselling about handwashing with soap Counselling on WASH services (use of safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene)	Vaccination: Ebola virus disease Safe and dignified burial of the dead	History and physical examination Rapid antigen detection tests Basic laboratory test Advanced laboratory test Ultrasound Computed tomography (CT) scan Oral salts for Ebola virus disease Provide water purification for Ebola virus disease Vitamins A, B1, C Oral rehydration solution Oral diuretics for Ebola virus disease Oral anxiolytic for Ebola virus disease Oral antipyretic for Ebola virus disease Pharmacological interventions for symptomatic management Inhaled bronchodilators for Ebola virus disease Topical antimicrobials for complications of Ebola virus disease Rectal anxiolytic for Ebola virus disease Vitamin K as indicated Counselling to ensure safer sexual practices
Referral Facility: Specialist
Counselling about handwashing with soap Counselling on WASH services (use of safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene)	Vaccination: Ebola virus disease Safe and dignified burial of the dead	Automated or semi-automated nucleic acid tests (NAT) Rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids Management of specific symptoms Treat bacterial infections with antibiotics Manage complications such as liver and kidney failure Blood and blood product transfusion Supplemental oxygen Monoclonal antibody treatments Mechanical ventilation Counselling to ensure safer sexual practices

Condition: Viral Hepatitis

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative
Community Level
Community engagement [community sensitization on transmission and prevention for hepatitis B and C, safe sex practices, condom use, harmful traditional practices, sharing of sharp objects, tattoos, IV drug use and needle sharing] Promote testing for Hepatitis B and C Provision of IEC/BCC materials Mass awareness campaigns through such days as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week	Abstinence Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles and unsafe tattoo Vaccination: Pentavalent vaccine Consistent and correct use of condoms Referral of sick children and adolescents by CHWs to health facilities	Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral
Primary Care
Provision of IEC/BCC materials Promote testing for Hepatitis B and C Sensitization of the community on preventive measures on hepatitis B and C	Abstinence Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles and unsafe tattoo Vaccination: Pentavalent vaccine Consistent and correct use of condoms	History and physical examination for viral hepatitis Condition specific counselling Point of care testing Oral antipyretics for acute hepatitis infection Oral hydration for acute viral hepatitis Intravenous fluids Clinical assessment for early recognition of need for referral.
Referral Facility: General
counselling on healthy diet, physical activity, weight management, and alcohol and tobacco use	Abstinence Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles and unsafe tattoo Vaccination: Pentavalent vaccine Consistent and correct use of condoms Post exposure prophylaxis Hep B Vaccination of high-risk population groups Safe blood transfusion practice	History and physical examination for viral hepatitis Point of care testing Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Basic imaging e.g., ultrasound Condition specific counselling Oral antipyretics Oral hydration Intravenous fluids Oral antivirals for HBV Vaccination: HBIG Oral pan genotypic antivirals for HCV cure
Referral Facility: Specialist
Provision of IEC/BCC materials Promote testing for Hepatitis B and C Sensitization of the community on preventive measures on hepatitis B and C	Avoiding harmful traditional practices including sharing needles and unsafe tattoo Vaccination: Pentavalent vaccine Consistent and correct use of condoms Post exposure prophylaxis Hep B Vaccination of high-risk population groups Safe blood transfusion practice	History and physical examination for viral hepatitis Point of care testing Basic laboratory tests Advanced laboratory tests Ultrasound Condition specific counselling Oral antipyretics Oral hydration Intravenous fluids Oral antivirals for HBV Vaccination: HBIG Oral pan genotypic antivirals for HCV cure

Condition: Childhood Cancers

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Educate community to identify childhood cancer symptoms such as unusual swelling, early bruising or bleeding, unexplained weight loss and fever, persisting headache and vomiting, sudden eye problem	Keeping children away from second-hand smoke Reducing exposure to traffic-related air pollution Avoiding exposure to chemicals that can cause cancer.	Early identification of cancer symptoms and referral
Primary Care
Educate community to identify childhood cancer symptoms such as unusual swelling, early bruising or bleeding, unexplained weight loss and fever, persisting headache and vomiting, sudden eye problem	Keeping children away from second-hand smoke Reducing exposure to traffic-related air pollution Avoiding exposure to chemicals that can cause cancer	Early identification of cancer symptoms and referral
Referral Facility: General
Educate community to identify childhood cancer symptoms such as unusual swelling, early bruising or bleeding, unexplained weight loss and fever, persisting headache and vomiting, sudden eye problem	Keeping children away from second-hand smoke Reducing exposure to traffic-related air pollution Avoiding exposure to chemicals that can cause cancer	Early identification of cancer symptoms and referral
Referral Facility: Specialist
Educate community to identify childhood cancer symptoms such as unusual swelling, early bruising or bleeding, unexplained weight loss and fever, persisting headache and vomiting, sudden eye problem	Keeping children away from second-hand smoke Reducing exposure to traffic-related air pollution Avoiding exposure to chemicals that can cause cancer	Counselling on nutrition, food safety, and healthy diet Histopathology Staging Intravenous chemotherapy Intravenous targeted therapy Intravenous immunotherapy Bone marrow transplantation Radiotherapy application Management of toxicities Monitoring for new cancers Monitor for cardiac function Monitor for cardiac function Monitor for neurocognitive function Monitor for growth and development	Provide palliative and supportive care Psychological support with counselling Physical therapy and occupational therapy (peripheral neuropathy, after severe illnesses)

Condition: Idiopathic epilepsy

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Curative	Palliative
Community Level
Provide information and Awareness creation on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma. multi-sectoral approach to reduce incidences of trauma e.g., falls, burns and promote access to education Community Health workers education on seizures disorders including epilepsy on signs and symptoms, preventive measures and it management at community level	Adequate perinatal care to reduce new cases of epilepsy caused by birth injury Prevention and seeking treatment early for febrile infections such as malaria, other viral/bacterial infections Prevent head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy Complete vaccination of children to prevent diseases and infections	Early recognition of signs of seizures disorders Relieve of any pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures through use of pain medications First aid on any other complication due to seizures e.g., burns Referral to a health facility for management	Promote access to occupational opportunities/education
Primary Care
Provide information and Awareness creation on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma. Multi-sectoral approach to reduce incidences of trauma e.g. falls, burns and promote access to education Health workers education on seizures disorders including epilepsy on signs and symptoms, preventive measures and it management	Adequate perinatal care to reduce new cases of epilepsy caused by birth injury Prevention and seeking treatment early for febrile infections such as malaria, other viral/bacterial infections Prevent head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy Complete vaccination of children to prevent diseases and infections	History and physical examination for epilepsy Anti-seizure medications (ASMs)