Interventions for Bites and Envenomation

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Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Increasing awareness of rabies, snake bite and scorpion sting prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, immediate care measures after a bite	Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries Wound care
Primary Care
	Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Wound care Oral analgesics Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: General
Increasing awareness of rabies, snake bite and scorpion sting prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, immediate care measures after a bite	Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Intravenous antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: Specialist
Increasing awareness of rabies, snake bite and scorpion sting prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, immediate care measures after a bite.	Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries Wound care
Primary Care
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Wound care Oral analgesics Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Intravenous antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries Wound care
Primary Care
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Wound care Oral analgesics Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Intravenous antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries Wound care
Primary Care
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Wound care Oral analgesics Early recognition of the need for referral of bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Wear high, thick rubber boots when walking through snake-prone areas Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs. Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		History and examination for bites and envenoming injuries Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Intravenous antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness on prevention and control of dog bites, snake bites and immediate care measures Community education about animal bites, venomous snakes and snake-bite	Counselling on prevention of bite and envenoming injuries Pre-exposure immunization for high-risk occupations		Adequate analgesics Adequate hydration Immunoglobulin for bites and envenoming injuries Vaccine for bites and envenoming injuries Antivenin for bites and envenoming injuries Surgical exploration and debridement for bites and envenoming injuries