Interventions for Low back pain

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Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and aggravating factors of LBP	Exercise Weight loss	Recognition of low back pain signs and symptoms	Analgesics Exercise Referral to the next level for persistent LBP	Self-management education Physical exercise
Primary Care
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Exercise Exercise with activity-specific education programs Weight loss	History Physical examination	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise Referral to the next level for persistent LBP	Self-management education Physical exercise
Referral Facility: General
Guidance and counselling on exercise with activity-specific education programs and weight loss		History Physical examination Identification of red flag features X-ray C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Complete blood count (CBC) Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid tests	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise	Self-management education Physical exercise
Referral Facility: Specialist
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Guidance and counselling on exercise with activity-specific education programs and weight loss	History Physical examination Identification of red flag features X-ray Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT) C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Complete blood count (CBC) Blood cultures Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid tests	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise Injection therapy Surgery	Self-management education Physical exercise

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and aggravating factors of LBP	Exercise Weight loss	Recognition of low back pain signs and symptoms	Analgesics Exercise Referral to the next level for persistent LBP	Self-management education Physical exercise
Primary Care
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Exercise Exercise with activity-specific education programs Weight loss	History Physical examination	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise Referral to the next level for persistent LBP Secondary level	Self-management education Physical exercise
Referral Facility: General
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible		History Physical examination Identification of red flag features X-ray C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Complete blood count (CBC) Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid tests	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise	Self-management education Physical exercise
Referral Facility: Specialist
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Guidance and counselling on exercise with activity-specific education programs and weight loss	History Physical examination Identification of red flag features X-ray Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT) C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Complete blood count (CBC) Blood cultures	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise Injection therapy Surgery	Self-management education Physical exercise

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on prevention and aggravating factors of LBP	Exercise Weight loss	Recognition of low back pain signs and symptoms	Analgesics Exercise Referral to the next level for persistent LBP	Self-management education Physical exercise
Primary Care
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Exercise Exercise with activity-specific education programs Weight loss	History Physical examination	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise Referral to the next level for persistent LBP	Self-management education Physical exercise
Referral Facility: General
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Guidance and counselling on exercise with activity-specific education programs and weight loss	History Physical examination Identification of red flag features X-ray C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Complete blood count (CBC) Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid tests	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise	Self-management education Physical exercise
Referral Facility: Specialist
Patient education on staying active, avoiding aggravating movements, and return to regular activity as soon as possible	Guidance and counselling on exercise with activity-specific education programs and weight loss	History Physical examination Identification of red flag features X-ray Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT) C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Complete blood count (CBC) Blood cultures Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid tests	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy Regular exercise Injection therapy Surgery	Self-management education Physical exercise