Interventions for Echinococcosis

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs. - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection. - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs. - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection. - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
			Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year) - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.
Primary Care
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)	Public education campaigns on prevention - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep - Control stray dog populations - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95) A programme		Diagnosis - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Treatment - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique
Referral Facility: General
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)