Interventions for Down Syndrome

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness of genetics and genetic disorders	Reproduction at optimal maternal ages	Recognition of Down syndrome signs and symptoms	Balanced diet Regular exercise Transfer to higher level		Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects
Primary Care
Public education in genetics, detection of genetic risks in the community through due attention to and recording of family history	Premarital genetic counselling	Recognition of Down syndrome signs and symptoms	Balanced diet Regular exercise Treatment of recurrent infections Anti-seizure medications	Speech therapy Physiotherapy Occupational therapy	Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects
Referral Facility: General
Health education in genetics, detection of genetic and reproduction at optimal maternal ages	Genetic counselling	History Physical examination Ultra sound Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Cytogenetic analysis	Balanced diet Regular exercise Treatment of recurrent infections Anti-seizure medications	Speech therapy Physiotherapy Occupational therapy	Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education in genetics, detection of genetic and reproduction at optimal maternal ages	Genetic counselling	Ultra sound Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Cytogenetic analysis Echocardiography Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Timely surgical intervention for associated defects	Speech therapy Physiotherapy Occupational therapy	Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness of genetics and genetic disorders	Reproduction at optimal maternal ages	Recognition of Down syndrome signs and symptoms	Balance diet Regular exercise Transfer to higher level		Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects
Primary Care
Public education in genetics, detection of genetic risks in the community through due attention to and recording of family history	Premarital genetic counselling	Recognition of Down syndrome signs and symptoms	Balance diet Regular exercise Treatment of recurrent infections Anti-seizure medications	Speech therapy, Physiotherapy Occupational therapy	Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects
Referral Facility: General
Health education in genetics, detection of genetic and reproduction at optimal maternal ages	Genetic counselling	History Physical examination Ultra sound Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Cytogenetic analysis	Balance diet Regular exercise Treatment of recurrent infections Anti-seizure medications	Speech therapy, Physiotherapy Occupational therapy	Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education in genetics, detection of genetic and reproduction at optimal maternal ages	Genetic counselling	Ultra sound Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Cytogenetic analysis Echocardiography Computerized tomography (CT) scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Timely surgical intervention for associated defects	Speech therapy, Physiotherapy Occupational therapy	Psychological and social support to parents of babies with birth-related defects