Interventions for Ascariasis

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Health education to pregnant women/families on ascariasis and prevention measures Pregnant women/families/Community education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil. Community Health workers teaining on ascariasis including prevention measures	Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Proper/good nutrition for pregnant women
Primary Care
Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health education to pregnant women on ascariasis and prevention measures Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management	Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women		Physical and clinical examination, Clinical diagnosis of ascariasi, history of passage of a live worm, in faeces abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever Supportive therapy including; Lab Diagnostic test-Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the ascaris eggs Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole Follow up and prevention of complications e.g.breathing complications Referral to hospital for management of any complications such as breathing complications
Referral Facility: General
Health education to pregnant women on ascariasis and prevention measures Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management	Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women		Physical and clinical examination Clinical diagnosis of ascariasis, history of passage of a live worm in faeces,abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever Supportive therapy including; Relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, Nutritional support (proper nutrition ) Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole Prevention and management of any complications due to ascariasis e.g breathing complications, surgical intervention for intraabdominal complications. Diagnostics Microscopy stool for identifying ascaris eggs Blood tests for eosinophilia Imaging for heavily invested individuals Ultrasound to detect hepatobiliary or pancreatic ascariasis Prevention and management of any complications due to ascariasis e.g breathing complications, surgical intervention for intraabdominal complications.
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to pregnant women on ascariasis and prevention measures Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management	Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education and social mobilization for successful prevention and control of ascariasis Community-led total sanitation with market approaches (CLTS+), promotion of hygiene, building of latrines, and related SBC.	Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faecal matter Community-based deworming campaigns	Recognition of ascariasis symptoms and signs Passage of worms in stool	Antispasmodics Analgesics Nutritional support Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education on risk factors for ascariasis and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Mass drug administration with albendazole	History Physical examination Eggs in stool exam Complete blood count	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to parents/families on ascariasis and prevention measures in children Families/parents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces including children fecal matter Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in children	Guidance parents/children on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for children	History Physical examination Eggs in stool exam Complete blood count Radiography Ultrasound	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to parents/families on ascariasis and prevention measures in children Families/parents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces including children fecal matter Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in children	Guidance parents/children on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for children	History Physical examination Eggs in stool exam Complete blood count Radiography Ultrasound	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education and social mobilization for successful prevention and control of ascariasis Community-led total sanitation with market approaches (CLTS+), promotion of hygiene, building of latrines, and related SBC.	Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faecal matter Community-based deworming campaigns	Passage of worms in stool	Antispasmodics Analgesics Nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education on risk factors for ascariasis and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice	Mass drug administration with albendazole	History Physical examination Eggs in stool exam Complete blood count	Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to primary school age children on ascariasis and prevention measures School children education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces School health programs/outreaches Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among school children	Guidance to parents and children on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Promote good nutrition for school age children Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure	History Physical examination Eggs in stool exam Complete blood count Radiography Ultrasound	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to primary school age children on ascariasis and prevention measures School children education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces School health programs/outreaches Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among school children	Guidance to parents and children on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for school age children	History Physical examination Eggs in stool exam Complete blood count Radiography Ultrasound	Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil Community Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures	Proper cleaning and cooking of food Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for adolescents		Identification of features/signs indicative of ascariasis including, history of passage of a live worm in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, fever Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents	Guidance to adolescents on proper cleaning and cooking of food Guidance to adolescents on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Guidance on Avoidance of consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal -Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for adolescents		Physical and clinical examination, Clinical diagnosis of ascariasi, history of passage of a live worm in faeces abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever Supportive therapy including; Relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers; Nutritional support (proper nutrition) Lab Diagnostic test Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the ascarisis eggs Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole Follow up and prevention of complications e.g.breathing complications Referral to hospital for management of any complications such as breathing complications
Referral Facility: General
Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents	Guidance to adolescents on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for adolescents		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education for adolescents on ascariasis and prevention measures Adolescents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management among the adolescents	Guidance to adolescents on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for adolescents		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Health education to adults and communities on ascariasis and prevention measures Community,adult persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil Community Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures	Proper cleaning and cooking of food Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for adults		Identification of features/signs indicative of ascariasis including; history of passage of a live worm, in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing,fever Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Health education to adults on ascariasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faecesAwareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng;Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Provide guidance on good nutrition for adults		Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to adults on ascariasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng; Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promote good nutrition for adults		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to adults on ascariasis and prevention measures Adult education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces bAwareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and its management in adults	Guidance to adults on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure promote good nutrition for adults		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Health education to elderly persons/families and communities on ascariasis and prevention measures Community,family and elderly persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Promote through multi sectoral approach effective sewerage disposal and wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil Community Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures	Proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human faecal matter Community-based deworming campaigns		Antispasmodics Analgesics Nutritional support (proper nutrition) Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment
Primary Care
Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Elderly persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Health education to elderly persons/families and communities on ascariasis and prevention measures Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures	Guidance to the elderly and their families on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure guidance on good nutrition for the elderly		Anthelmintic Antispasmodics Analgesics
Referral Facility: General
Health education to elderly persons/families and communities on ascariasis and prevention measures Elderly persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures	Guidance for the elderly on primary prevention measures incluidng, Proper cleaning and cooking of food roper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education to elderly persons/families and communities on ascariasis and prevention measures Elderly persons education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces Awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures	Guidance for the elderly on primary prevention measures incluidng : Proper cleaning and cooking of food proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure		Anthelmintic Steroids for complication Surgery for obstruction