Interventions for Vitamin A deficiency

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding	Examine children during home visits for signs of Vitamin A deficiency and advise parents accordingly Education of proprietors of pre-school facilities on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities Vitamin A supplementation for children under 5		Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes Guidance to mother on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin A supplemnts Refer children with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice Vitamin A treatment for children and infants with complicated measles
Primary Care
Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding	Exclusive breastfeeding		Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to mother on viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Referrals to hospital Follow up
Referral Facility: General
Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding	Exclusive breastfeeding
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding	Exclusive breastfeeding

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Educate mothers and families on ways of providing nutritious diets for children and whole family using locally available foods with emphasis on Vitamin A rich foods	Examine children during home visits for signs of Vitamin A deficiency and advise parents accordingly Education of proprietors of pre-school facilities on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities Vitamin A supplementation for children under 5		Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes Guidance to parents/families on feeding child with viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin A supplemnts Refer people with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice Vitamin A treatment for children and infants with complicated measles
Primary Care
Educate mothers and families on ways of providing nutritious diets for children and whole family using locally available foods with emphasis on Vitamin A rich foods	Educate parents/ families on feeding of children through provision of practical examples using local foods with emphasis on Vitamin A rich foods Vitamin A supplementation for children under 5		Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to parents/families on feeding child with viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Referrals to hospital Follow up
Referral Facility: General
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to parents/families on feeding child with viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to parents/families on feeding child with viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on appropriate and timely complementary feeding and healthy infant and young child nutrition Counselling on good hygiene practices including hand hygiene and quitting smoking Community engagement on Infant and Young Child Nutrition IYCN	Adequate dietary intake of vitamin A during and after weaning Good hygiene, sanitation practice Deworming for preschool children * Immunization Micronutrient supplementation including Vit. A	Recognition signs and symptoms Vitamin A deficiency Community based MUAC and bilateral edema screening for early identification	Counselling on use of therapeutic and supplementary foods
Primary Care
School- based education on nutritious diets Education of proprietors of schools on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities	Prevent recurrent infections Immunization Periodic vitamin A supplementation	History Physical examination	Vitamin A Vitamin A-rich foods
Referral Facility: General
	Prevent recurrent infections Immunization Periodic vitamin A supplementation	History Physical examination	Vitamin A Vitamin A-rich foods
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Periodic vitamin A supplementation	History Physical examination Serum retinol levels	Vitamin A Vitamin A-rich foods

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education on nutritious and healthy eating	Education on nutritious and healthy eating		Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes Guidance to adolescents on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin A supplemnts Refer people with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice
Primary Care
Education on nutritious and healthy eating	Education on nutritious and healthy eating
Referral Facility: General
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adolescents on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adolescents on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Education on nutritious and healthy eating		Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes Guidance to adult on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin A supplemnts Refer people with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice
Primary Care
Education on nutritious and healthy eating			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Referrals to hospital Follow up
Referral Facility: General
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Education on nutritious and healthy eating	Education on nutritious and healthy eating		Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes Guidance to elderly on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin A supplemnts Refer people with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice
Primary Care
	Education on nutritious and healthy eating		Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to adults on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Referrals to hospital Follow up
Referral Facility: General
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to elderly on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up
Referral Facility: Specialist
			Physical and clinical assessmnet Guidance to elderly patient on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables. Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts Treating underlying causes /conditions Follow up