Interventions for Pregnancy and newborn

• Community awareness on prevention and control methods of meningitis

• Frequent hand washing
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• Recognition of meningitis signs and symptoms

• Isolate child suspected with meningitis
• Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility

• Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems

• Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

• Health education and information on prevention and treatment of meningitis

• Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
• Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate
• Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Vaccination: meningococcal

• History
• Physical examination
• Rapid blood agglutination test

• Antibiotic treatment
• Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility

• Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems

• Psychological and emotional support for meningitis sequel

• Health education and information on prevention and treatment of meningitis

• Testing for B. streptococcus when mother is at 36/37 weeks pregnant
• Prevent mother to child transmission of meningitis (Give antibiotics during labour to mothers who test positive for meningitis to prevent passing group B streptococcus to the newborn)
• Intrapartum prophylactic antibiotics in pregnant women who carry the risk of colonizing and hence risk of exposure to the neonate. (neonatal meningitis)

• History
• Physical examination
• Lumbar puncture
• CSF analysis
• CSF culture
• CSF PCR
• Rapid CSF agglutination test
• Blood culture
• Throat swab,
• Serology.
• Full blood count,
• C reactive protein (CRP),
• Clotting studies,
• Basic metabolic panel

• Parenteral antibiotics
• Intravenous fluids
• Parenteral corticosteroids

• Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems

• Psychological support to parents of children with meningitis sequel

• Health education and information on prevention and treatment of meningitis

• Testing for B. streptococcus when mother is at 36/37 weeks pregnant
• Prevent mother to child transmission of meningitis (Give antibiotics during labour to mothers who test positive for meningitis to prevent passing group B streptococcus to the newborn)
• Intrapartum prophylactic antibiotics in pregnant women who carry the risk of colonizing and hence risk of exposure to the neonate. (neonatal meningitis)

• History
• Physical examination
• Lumbar puncture
• CSF analysis
• CSF culture
• CSF PCR
• Rapid CSF agglutination test
• Blood culture
• Throat swab,
• Serology.
• Full blood count,
• C reactive protein (CRP)
• Clotting tests
• BUN
• Electrolytes

• Parenteral antibiotics
• Intravenous fluids
• Parenteral corticosteroids

• Linkage with rehabilitation centres for deafness, learning impairment or behavioural problems

• Psychological support to parents of children with meningitis sequel

• Strengthen mothers, families and community-based awareness on whooping cough including transmission and prevention measures
• Create knowledge among family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule
• Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose
• Strengthen community health workers knowledge on whooping cough

• Good hygiene Practices including hand hygiene
• Cough and sneezing etiquette
• Avoiding close contact with people with whooping cough
• Community Reporting systems on whopping cough

• Recognition of features of whooping cough which include features of common cold:(i.e Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Red, watery eyes, Fever)

• uncontrollable coughing

• Vomiting

• high-pitched "whoop" sound during breathing

• Home remedies when immediate referral is not possible Hydration for the mother resting practicing proper hand hygiene Advice on meals/eating frequent small meals to avoid vomiting advise on avoiding coughing triggers, such as smoke, strong chemicals, and allergens Relieve fever

• Immediate referral for mothers and new-borns to hospitals

• Strengthen mothers, families and community-based awareness on whooping cough including transmission and prevention measures
• Create knowledge among mothers, family members and communities on importance of vaccination and the vaccination schedule
• Knowledge on the importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose
• Awareness on good hygiene practices
• Strengthen maternal knowledge on good nutrition
• Strengthen health workers knowledge on whooping cough

• Vaccination of pregnant women/One Tdap vaccine during the third trimester of every pregnancy

• Phyisical and Clinical examination
• Emergency care for pregnant women - stabilize and refer
• Immediate referral to hospital
• Supportive management if immediate referral is not feasible

• Awareness to mothers on whopping cough and prevention measures
• Guidance on hygiene practices
• Guidance on Good nutrition for the mothers
• Health workers education on whooping cough and its management

• Vaccination of pregnant women to prevent transmission to child

• Physical and Clinical examination
• Supportive management
• Administration of antibiotics
• Inpatient services
• Referral to specialised hospital for severely ill eg for ICU services for severely ill

• Psycho social support
• Counseling for mothers/families

• Awareness to mothers on whopping cough and prevention measures
• Guidance on Good nutrition for the mothers
• Guidance on hygiene practices Health workers education on whooping cough and its management

• Vaccination of pregnant women to prevent transmission to child

• Physical and Clinical examination
• Supportive management eg relieve pain and fever
• Administration of antibiotics
• Inpatient services
• ICU services for severely ill
• Follow up

• Psycho social support Counseling for mothers/families

• Mothers and families on encephalitis and prevention measures
• Information on ANC attendance
• Information on the importance of immunization for children
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Awareness on good nutrition

• Encourage ANC attendance

• Recognition of features indicative of encephalitis including headaches, fever, nausea, vomiting,light sensitivity, mental confusion, muscle weakness, and stiff neck
• Supportive and symptomatic management for encephalitis as referral is awaited including
• Adequate Bed rest
• Provision of Plenty of fluids
• Use of Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Management of fever - sponging, use of anti pyretics such as paracetamol
• Management of pain using pain mediaction such as paracetamol
• Referral of child suspected to have encephalitis to the nearest health facility

• Community based rehabilitation
• Continued Rehabilitation at community level and follow up of patients referred backwards from the health facilities (those who may have had complications)
• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination
• Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills

• Psycho-social support for pregnant women with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills

• Create awareness to families and communities on the disease and prevention measures
• Awareness/education on animal handling and animal health e.g.dogs (rabies)
• Information on the importance of immunization for children
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Awareness on good nutrition
• Provision of IEC materials
• Raining/sensitizing health workforce

• Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus)
• Parasites such as Ticks control

• Physical examination/Clinical examination
• Supportive and symptomatic management for encephalitis before urgent referral to hospital including: - Bed rest - Fluids therapy/Plenty of fluids
• Adminstration of Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Management of fever using anti pyretics
• Management if pain with analgesisc
• Suction to remove secretions
• Monitor for any danger signs e.g. lethargy, unconsciousness, convulsions
• Urgent referral of a pregnant woman suspected to have encephalitis to the nearest hospital

• Rehabilitation and follow up of patients referred backwards from the Hospitals
• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and mobility
• Occupational therapy to develop everyday skills
• Referral downwards to communities for further/continued rehabilitation

• Psycho-social support for pregnant women with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
• Spiritual support

• Creation of awareness to mothers on encephalitis prevention measures
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Guidance on good nutrition for mothers
• Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management

• Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) ; Parasites such as Ticks control

• Early recognition and treatment of encephalitis
• Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
• Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately
• Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis
• For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir
• Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent, Supportive care for severe encephalitis including Breathing assistance,
• Intravenous fluids adminstration
• Anti-inflammatory drugs administration
• Administration of Anticonvulsant medications
• Admissions for persons with encephalitis
• Management of any complications
• Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension
• Prevention/Management of seizures
• Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure
• ICU services - Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including:
• Blood and urine tests - lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture
• Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens - Serologic tests for Toxoplasma
• Imaging such as Computerized Tomography CT - MRI
• Computerized Tomography CT
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI

• Follow up to manage any complications incluidng complications related to motor funations
• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and function - Speech therapy
• Occupational therapy to develop every day skills
• Referral downwards to primary care facilities and to communities for rehabilition

• Psycho-social support for pregnant women with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills

• Creation of awareness to mothers on encephalitis prevention measures
• Information/creation of awareness on healthy living
• Guidance on good nutrition for mothers Training/sensitizing health workforce on encephalitis management

• Guidance on vector control eg Vectors/mosquitos control (as a carrier for some of the virus arbovirus) ; Parasites such as Ticks control

• Initiate anti-viral treatment immediately
• Initiate anti-microbial therapy including appropriate therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis (use antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
• Initiate specific regimen after determining the etiology of encephalitis
• For Viral encephalitis use of antiviral treatment.e.g. for herpes simplex virus /Antiviral medications e.g. Acyclovir
• Antimicrobial therapy targeting the identified infectious agent,
• Supportive care for severe encephalitis including: * Breathing assistance,
• Intravenous fluids adminstration
• Anti-inflammatory drugs administration
• Administration of Anticonvulsant medications
• Admissions for persons with encephalitis
• Management of any complications
• Prevention /or management of shock or hypertension
• Prevention/Management of seizures
• Management of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure
• ICU services
• Laboartory diagnostic interventions for Encephalitis including:
• Blood and urine tests
• lumbar puncture (LP) -CSF culture
• Blood cultures for bacterial pathogens
• Serologic tests for Toxoplasma
• Imaging such as:
• Computerized Tomography CT
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI

• Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and function
• Speech therapy
• Occupational therapy to develop every day skills
• Referral downwards to primary care facilities and to communities for rehabilition
• Follow up to manage any complications incluidng complications related to motor funations

• Psycho-social support for pregnant women with encephalitis and their families
• Counselling
• Psycho- therapy to learn coping strategies and new behavioral skills
• Spiritual support

• Health education on measles
• Information and health education to women,families and community on measles
• Information and health education to women,families and community on immunization
• Educate mothers on well baby clinics
• Good nutrition for the mother
• knowledge of vaccination schedule
• Importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose
• Community health workers training on measles including prevention and recognition of measles in pregnant women

• Timely attendance to ANC clinic

• Recognition of features of measles in pregnant women i.e. fever,fatigue,cough,runny nose,itchy or red eyes, white lesions on the inner cheek) and a raised rash
• Home based care for pregnant women with measles
• Supportive management for pregnant women with measles including;-
• Provision of plenty of fluids to the pregnant women with measles
• Plenty of rest for the pregnant women with measles
• Proper nutrition for the pregnant women with measles
• Monitoring and recognition for any features of worsening of measles in pregnant women including:-
• shortness of breath
• coughing up blood
• drowsiness
• confusion
• Referral to health facilities of pregnant women with features of worsening of measles

• Information and health education to women/mothers,families and community on measles and prevention measures
• Provide Information on Good nutrition
• Educate mothers on well baby clinics
• Strengthen community based awareness on knowledge of vaccination schedule
• Importance of timely uptake of vaccine dose
• Training/sensitizing health workforce on measles and its management in pregnant women and newborn

• ANC services
• Post-natal care services
• Contact tracing
• Quarantine for contacts
• Isolation for the mothers with measles to contain the spread

• Clinical examination and diagnosis of measles in pregnant women whose features include,
• fever
• fatigue
• cough
• runny nose
• itchy or red eyes,
• white lesions on the inner cheek) and a raised rash.
• Supportive management for pregnant women with measles including;-
• Provision of plenty of fluids to the pregnant women with measles
• Plenty of rest for the pregnant women with measles
• Proper nutrition for the pregnant women with measles
• Relieve of fever and aches with paracetamol or ibuprofen
• Fetal monitoring
• Monitoring, recognition and management for any features of worsening of measles in pregnant women including;
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing up blood
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Referral to hospitals for mothers with complications due to measles

• Psycho social support

• Guidance to mothers on measles prevention
• Guidance to pregnant women on proper nutrition
• Health workers training on management of measles in pregnant women

• Immunoglobulin/measles antibodies administration for post exposure for Pregnant women
• Fetal monitoring
• Follow up of the newborns and manage any complications e.g. Low birth weight, babies born prematurely

• Guidance to mothers on measles prevention
• Guidance to pregnant women on proper nutrition
• Health workers training on management of measles in pregnant women

• Fetal monitoring
• Follow up of the newborns and manage any complications e.g. Low birth weight; babies born prematurely Immunoglobulin /measles antibodies administration for post exposure for Pregnant women

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Referral of pregnant women with persistent vaginal discharge to next level of care for investigation and treatment
• Home based supervision of women with confirmed Trichomoniasis infection to comply with treatment

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Treatment with oral metronidazole or tinidazole
• Treatment of sex partners

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Diagnostic tests
  - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection.
  - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test.
  - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid.
  - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope.
• Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole
• Treatmnet of sexual partners

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of STIs and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Diagnostic tests
  - Swab test: Vaginal swab is cultured for identifying the causative of infection.
  - Antigen test: Rapid test in which antibody reacts with antigen forming a color on positive test.
  - DNA test: Nucleic acid from vaginal swab undergoes PCR to detect nucleic acid.
  - Wet prep: Fluid from vagina may be examined under microscope.
• Treatment with metronidazole or tindazole
• Treatmnet of sexual partners

• Advocay for TB
• Health Education on TB to pregnanct women/families/communities
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Social behaviour change and communication (SBCC)
• Education on good hygiene parctices eg Promotion of cough etiquette,
• General public education on TB symptoms, cough etiquette, TB treatment and actions to take after contact with a suspected TB case
• Advise to Pregnant women to avoid contact with people with persistent cough
• General public education on good nutrition
• Promotion of multi-sectoral approach in improving housing and saniation to combat TB
• community Health workers training on TB including prevention measures

• Community Health workers training on TB including prevention measures
• Isolation for TB confirmed cases
• Pregnant women to avoid contacts with persons with TB
• Sceening for TB
• TB active case finding
• TB contact tracing TB awreness creation TB notification

• Directly Observed Therapy (DOTs) to promote adherence to medication
• Referral of pregnant women with persistent cough to next level for investigation
• Referral of people living with a suspected case of TB for investigation and possible preventive treatment

• Home based rehabilitation
• Physical exercises/Physiotherapy

• Counselling
• Linkage to TB support groups
• Psycho-social and psychological support
• Spiritual support

• Nutritional advice for pregnant women

• BCG vaccination at birth
• HIV counselling and Testing for all Pregnant women
• Pregnant women to avoid contact with people with persistent cough
• Investigate pregnant women with persistent cough for TB

• Physical and clinical examination
• Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) to promote adherence to medication
• TB drugs refill
• Sputum collection and specimen referral to labortaories within hospitals
• Sputum smear -acid stain and culture of sputum
• Monitoring of TB complications

• Nutritional advice for pregnant women
• Promotion of multi-sectotral approach in addressing improving housing and sanitation to combat TB

• BCG vaccination at birth Advise pregnant women to avoid contact with people with persistent cough
• Investigate pregnant women with persistent cough for TB

• Physical and clinical examination
• Confirmation of diagnosis using acid fast stain and culture of sputum
• Treatment of confirmed TB cases with anti TB medication using Direct Observed Therapy (DOT)
• Treatment with anti-TB medication
• Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) to promote adherence to medication
• Managment of TB/HIV co-infection
• Initiation of co-trimoxazole preventive therpay for TB/HIV co-ifection
• ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection
• TB drugs refill
• Management of Multi -drug resistance TB
• Sputum smear /Stain and culture of sputum
• TB skin test
• HIV Counseling and Testing for confirmed TB cases
• Monitoring of TB complications

• Promotion of multi-sectotral approach in addressing improving housing and sanitation to combat TB

• BCG vaccination at birth Advise pregnant women to avoid contact with people with persistent cough Investigate pregnant women with persistent cough for TB

• Physical and clinical examination
• Treatment with anti-TB medication
• Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) to promote adherence to medication
• Managment of TB/HIV co-infection
• Initiation of co-trimoxazole preventive therpay for TB/HIV co-ifection
• ART therapy for TB/HIV co-infection
• TB drugs refill
• Monitoring of TB complications
• Management of Multi -drug resistance TB
• Sputum smear /Stain and culture of sputum
• TB skin test
• HIV Counseling and Testing for confirmed TB cases

• Social and behavioural change communication for parents
• Community awareness on the risks and prevention of sexual abuse of children

• Primary prevention of syphilis in adolescents and women of child bearing ages
• Safe sexual practice including condom use

• Recognition of syphilis signs and symptoms
• Syphilis RDT

• Referral to the next higher level

• Emotional, social, spiritual support for parents

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• VDRL or RPR Testing for all pregnant women
• Pregnant women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test

• Safe blood transfusion
• Early syphilis screening and treatment of women

• History
• Physical examination
• Treponemal test
• Non-treponemal rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
• Syphilis testing of mother

• Antibiotics
• Referral to the next higher level

• Emotional, social, spiritual support for parents

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• VDRL or RPR Testing for all pregnant women
• Pregnant women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test

• Safe blood transfusion
• Screening pregnant women for syphilis
• Treatment of syphilis in pregnant women

• History
• Physical examination
• Treponemal test
• Non-treponemal rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
• Syphilis testing of mother
• X-ray

• Antibiotics
• Referral to the next higher level for corrective surgery

• Treatment with PenicillinTreatment of sex partners

• Emotional, social, spiritual support for parents

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• VDRL or RPR Testing for all pregnant women
• Pregnant women with positive VDRL or RPR test should have the FTA test

• Safe blood transfusion
• Screening pregnant women for syphilis
• Treatment of syphilis in pregnant women

• History
• Physical examination
• Treponemal test
• Non-treponemal rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
• Lumbar puncture for CSF analysis
• X-ray
• Histological examination of the placenta and cord

• Examination and reaginic tests of treated clients at 3, 6 and 12 months and annually until test is non-reactive
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

Treatment with PenicillinTreatment of sex partners

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partner
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms

• Home based supervision of women with confirmed sexually transmitted infections to comply with treatment and follow-up
• Referral of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge to next level of care for investigation and treatment

• Education at ANC on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Sensitization of traditional healers and community leaders.
• promote substance use cessation
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• distribute IEC materials,
• promote condoms use to prevent STIs
• Educate communities on sex and sexual education for guidance to prevent risk factors
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Training of community Health Workers on STI

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Appropriate treatment for condition Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea
• Treatment of sex partners

• Education at ANC on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Sensitization of traditional healers and community leaders.
• promote substance use cessation
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• distribute IEC materials,
• promote condoms use to prevent STIs
• Educate communities on sex and sexual education for guidance to prevent risk factors
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Training of community Health Workers on STI

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with STI symptoms

• Appropriate treatment for condition Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
• Treatment of sex partners of parents/guardians

• Education at ANC on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Sensitization of traditional healers and community leaders.
• promote substance use cessation
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• distribute IEC materials,
• promote condoms use to prevent STIs
• Educate communities on sex and sexual education for guidance to prevent risk factors
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Training of community Health Workers on STI

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with STI symptoms

• Appropriate treatment for condition Concomitant treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
• Treatment of sex partners

• Health education
• Create mass awareness on STIs /HIV/AIDs
• Sensitization on comprehensive sexuality education
• Health education on risk factors for STIs /HIV /AIDs
• Social and behavioural change communication
• Promote Condom use
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Information Education Communication (IEC) materials distribution
• Condom and lubricants demonstration and distribution
• Strengthen CHWs and health workers knowledge on STIs/HIV/AIDs through trainings
• Training on support for GBV Including first line support at community level

• Referral of pregnant women who test positive for HIV to next level for management
• Home based supervision of HIV positive women for compliance to antiretroviral therapy
• Refills /Supply of antiretroviral therapy by trained HIV community workers

• Referral of people with signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections to hospital for treatment

• Health education
• Create mass awareness on STIs /HIV/AIDs
• Sensitization on comprehensive sexuality education
• Health education on risk factors for STIs /HIV /AIDs
• Social and behavioural change communication
• Promote Condom use
• Promotion of HTS
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Information Education Communication (IEC) materials distribution
• Condom and lubricants demonstration and distribution
• Strengthen health workers knowledge on STIs/HIV/AIDs through trainings
• Training on support for GBV

• Counseling and Testing for HIV of pregnant women Administration of antiretroviral drugs to babies born to HIV positive mothers
• Avoid breastfeeding of babies of HIV positive mothers if feasible
• Avoid mixed feeding of babies of HIV positive mothers
• Perform PCR test of babies of HIV positive mothers between birth and six weeks

• Physical and clinical examination
• Partner notification and expedited treatment for common STIs, /HIV
• Management of opportunistic infections Including :
  
  - Chronic diarrhoea
  - Oral Candidiasis
  - Oesophageal Candidiasis
  - Bacterial infections
  - PCP
  - Toxoplasmosis
  - TB
  - Extra pulmonary.
  - Cytomegalovirus Infection
• Management of TB co-infection
• Syndromic management of STIs
• Combination treatment with antiretroviral drugs of pregnant women who test positive/(after initiation at hospital level)
• Supportive management
  - Nutritional support /Supplements
• Medication refills
• Referral to hospitals for further management

• Referral of people with signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections to hospital for treatment

• Health education
• Create mass awareness on STIs /HIV/AIDs
• Sensitization on comprehensive sexuality education
• Health education on risk factors for STIs /HIV /AIDs
• Social and behavioural change communication
• Promote Condom use
• Promotion of HTS
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Information Education Communication (IEC) materials distribution
• Condom and lubricants demonstration and distribution
• Strengthen health workers knowledge on STIs/HIV/AIDs through trainings
• Training on support for GBV

• Counseling and Testing for HIV of pregnant women
• Administration of antiretroviral drugs to babies born to HIV positive mothers
• Avoid breastfeeding of babies of HIV positive mothers if feasible
• Avoid mixed feeding of babies of HIV positive mothers
• Perform PCR test of babies of HIV positive mothers between birth and six weeks

• Physical and clinical examination
• Partner notification and expedited treatment for common STIs, /HIV
• Provider initiated counselling and testing
• HIV testing
• Diagnostics
  - Blood tests
  - CD4 count
  - Imaging -X-rays
  - Microscopy culture and sensitivity
• Syndromic management of STIs
• Clinical staging of HIV
• Chemotherapy for STIs that have progressed into cancer
• Radiotherapy for STIs that have progressed into cancer
• Defaulter tracking
• Management of opportunistic infections
  
  - Chronic diarrhoea
  - Oral Candidiasis
  -Oesophageal Candidiasis
  - Bacterial infections
  - PCP
  - Toxoplasmosis
  - TB
  - Extra pulmonary.
  - Cytomegalovirus Infection
  - Kaposi’s sarcoma
  - Lymphoma and other HIV related malignancies.
• Screening for TB and other opportunistic infections
• Management of TB co-infection
• Management of advanced HIV disease and complications
• Management of any complications
• Management for sexual violence cases and referral to support services 8 Treatment literacy /adherence counselling
• Supportive management
  - Nutritional support /Supplements
• Monitoring adherence to prescribed medications
• ART initiation services
• ART Monitoring
• ART refills
• Referral and linkages

• Health education
• Create mass awareness on STIs /HIV/AIDs
• Sensitization on comprehensive sexuality education
• Health education on risk factors for STIs /HIV /AIDs
• Social and behavioural change communication
• Promote Condom use
• Promotion of HTS
• Promote early health seeking behaviour
• Promotion of stigma reduction
• Information Education Communication (IEC) materials distribution
• Condom and lubricants demonstration and distribution
• Strengthen health workers knowledge on STIs/HIV/AIDs through trainings
• Training on support for GBV

• Counseling and Testing for HIV of pregnant women
• Administration of antiretroviral drugs to babies born to HIV positive mothers
• Avoid breastfeeding of babies of HIV positive mothers if feasible
• Avoid mixed feeding of babies of HIV positive mothers
• Perform PCR test of babies of HIV positive mothers between birth and six weeks

• Physical and clinical examination
• Partner notification and expedited treatment for common STIs, /HIV
• Provider initiated counselling and testing
• HIV testing
• Diagnostics
  - Blood tests
  - CD4 count
  - Imaging -X-rays
  - Microscopy culture and sensitivity
• Syndromic management of STIs
• Clinical staging of HIV
• Chemotherapy for STIs that have progressed into cancer
• Radiotherapy for STIs that have progressed into cancer
• Defaulter tracking
• Management of opportunistic infections
  
  - Chronic diarrhoea
  - Oral Candidiasis
  -Oesophageal Candidiasis
  - Bacterial infections
  - PCP
  - Toxoplasmosis
  - TB
  - Extra pulmonary.
  - Cytomegalovirus Infection
  - Kaposi’s sarcoma
  - Lymphoma and other HIV related malignancies.
• Screening for TB and other opportunistic infections
• Management of TB co-infection
• Management of advanced HIV disease and complications
• Management of any complications
• Management for sexual violence cases and referral to support services 8 Treatment literacy /adherence counselling
• Supportive management
  - Nutritional support /Supplements
• Monitoring adherence to prescribed medications
• ART initiation services
• ART Monitoring
• ART refills
• Referral and linkages
• ICU care

• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of Gonococcal eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Home based supervision of women with confirmed Gonococcal infection to comply with treatment
• Referral of newborns with purulent conjunctivitis to hospital for investigation and treatmentHome based supervision of treatment of newborns with Gonococcal conjunctivitis
• Referral of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge to next level of care for investigation and treatment

• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of gonococcal eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections or drops to asymptomatic babies of mothers with confirmed Gonorrhea 1% silver nitrate drops, 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline ointments
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of Gonococcal eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Use 1% silver nitrate drops, 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline ointments or drops to asymptomatic babies of mothers with confirmed Gonorrhoea

• Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or Cefixime
• Concomitant treatment for ChlamydiaTreatment of sex partners treatment of Gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborns with Tetracycline ointments or drops and saline irrigation
• Systemic treatment of newborns with Gonococcal conjunctivitis with IM Ceftriaxone

• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of Gonococcal eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections
• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Use 1% silver nitrate drops, 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline ointments or drops to asymptomatic babies of mothers with confirmed Gonorrhoea

• Concomitant treatment for ChlamydiaTreatment of sex partners
• Treatment of Gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborns with Tetracycline ointments or drops and saline irrigationSystemic treatment of newborns with Gonococcal conjunctivitis with IM Ceftriaxone
• Treatment with single dose of Ceftriaxone or Cefixime

• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Education on symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and what to do in the event of occurrence of symptoms
• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Home based supervision of women with confirmed genital herpes to comply with treatment
• Referral of pregnant women with genital or perianal vesicles or ulcers to next level of care for investigation and treatment

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovirTreatment of sex partners

• Treatment with Acyclovir, valacyclovir/famciclovir
• Treatment of sex partners

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners

Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections

• Community-based awareness campaign
• Mass media based awareness
• Community mobilisation for routine immunisation

• Breastfeeding
• Good sanitation and hygiene practices
• Safe water supply
• Danger signs recognition
• Preventive zinc supplements
• Vaccination: rotavirus

• Recognition of diarrhoea signs and symptoms

• Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution
• Oral sugar-salt solution
• Nutrient-rich foods including breast feeding
• Zinc supplements
• Immediate transfer of severe cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea

• Implementation of exclusive breastfeeding policies
• Adoption of Baby Friendly Initiative to promote exclusive breastfeeding
• Immunization for newborns
• Early initiation of breastfeeding

• History
• Physical examination
• Stool exam for ova and parasites
• Serological assays

• Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution
• Intravenous hydration
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Zinc supplements
• Nutrient-rich foods including breast feeding
• Immediate transfer of severe or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea

• Access to safe drinking water
• Use of improved sanitation
• Hand washing with soap

• Stool culture
• Blood culture

• Intravenous hydration
• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
• Zinc supplements

• Health education on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea

• Access to safe drinking water
• Use of improved sanitation
• Hand washing with soap

• Stool culture
• Blood culture

• Intravenous hydration
• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
• Zinc supplements

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of chlamydia eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Community health workers sensitization on chlamydia including prevention measures

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of chlamydia eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur

• Referral of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge to next level of care for investigation and treatment
• Home based supervision of women with confirmed chlamydia infection to comply with treatment
• Referral of newborns with purulent conjunctivitis to hospital for investigation and treatment
• Home based supervision of treatment of newborns with chlamydia conjunctivitis

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of chlamydia eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Health care workers training on chlamydia including prevention measures and management

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostics tests
  - swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia
• Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics
• Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course
• Referral of mother to hospital as may be indicated
• Referral of newborns with purulent conjunctivitis to hospital for treatment

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of chlamydia eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Training health workers on chlamydia including transmission, preventon measures and management

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostics tests
  - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in pregnant women
• Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics
• Treatment of Chlamydia conjunctivitis in newborns with antibiotics (topical or systemic as indicated)
• Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course
• Referral

• Education for high risk reproductive age women on regular condom use with non-regular partners
• Education at ANC and CWC on symptoms of chlamydia eye infection in neonates and what to do if such symptoms occur
• Training health workers on chlamydia including transmission, preventon measures and management

• Screening of high risk women for sexually transmitted infections
• Examination and investigation of pregnant women with offensive vaginal discharge for sexually transmitted infections

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostics tests
  - Swab test for culturing or antigen testing for chlamydia especially in pregnant women
• Treatment of confirmed Chlamydia infection antibiotics
• Treatment of Chlamydia conjunctivitis in newborns with antibiotics (topical or systemic as indicated)
• Guidance on avoidance of sex until completion of treatment course
• Referral

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Primary prevention through
• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved
• use of mosquito repellents, mosquito bed nets, mosquito coils, protective clothing and regularly removing sources of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding

• Able to conduct NS1 Ag, IgA and IgM antigens by rapid test
• Able to conduct Overall assessment, diagnosis and identification of phase of severity
• Management of non-severe dengue without warning signs by providing medical advice, supervising rest and drinking of plenty of fluids and prescribing of Paracetamol

• Community awareness and education On Dengue
• Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based Programmes

Community awareness and education On Dengue Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering of containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes are among methods that are encouraged through community-based Programmes

• Community awareness and education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis
• To promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities

• Primary prevention through

• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through
• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through
• Community screening of patients with scrotal swelling. Either the patient himself or a community health worker identifies scrotal swelling and the patient is referred or reports to a level II facility
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams

• Primary prevention through

• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through
• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Vector control against the mosquito using Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) Primary prevention through
• Community screening of patients with scrotal swelling. Either the patient himself or a community health worker identifies scrotal swelling and the patient is referred or reports to a level II facility
• Management of Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis with antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics
• Management of Lymphoedema and elephantiasis through limb washing and improved hygiene practices, wound care, foot care, wearing of suitable footwear, physiotherapy and exercise, and the application of antibacterial creams and antifungal creams

• Tertiary prevention
• Counseling - Occupational and physiotherapy

• Community awareness and education
• Education of families and communities on Lymphatic Filariasis
• Promote positive attitudes towards people with disabilities

• Information and health education to women, families and community on Diphtheria including prevention measures
• Provide Information to women, families, and community on;
  • Immunization
  • Educate mothers on well baby clinics
  • Good nutrition for the mother
• Community health workers education on Diphtheria

• Timely attendance to ANC clinic
• Routine vaccination for women and girls of childbearing age with Tdap

• Recognition of features of Diphtheria in pregnant women which include:

• sore throat, low fever and swollen glands in the neck, a thick coating in the throat or nose, hoarse voice

• Supportive management for pregnant women suspected to have Diphtheria

• Plenty of rest

• Proper nutrition for a pregnant woman with diphtheria
• Referral to a health facility of pregnant women with suspected diphtheria

• Maternal education on diphtheria and prevention measures
• Maternal education on importance of immunization
• Creation of awareness on the importance of immunization
• Sensitization on proper hygiene practices
• Health workers education on diphtheria including its management in pregnant women

• Vaccination with Tdap during routine wellness visits to women and girls of childbearing age
• Provide ANC services for women including health education on diptheria
• Provide Post-natal care services

• Clinical examination and diagnosis of diphtheria in pregnant women
• Supportive management to pregnant mothers with diphtheria to/Relieve common symptoms
• Relieve fever with anti pyretics/analgesics such as paracetamol and ibuprofen.
• Provide nutritional support for the adults with diphtheria
• Monitoring and recognition for any features of worsening of diphtherias in pregnant mothers which including shortness of breath/breathing difficulties
• Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine for pregnant mothers
• Fetal monitoring
• Emergency care with an aim of stabilizing the pregnant women with complications due to diphtheria before referral
• Referral of pregnant with complications due to diphtheria-eg shortness of breath to a hospital
• Referral to hospital for neonates with poor outcomes such as low birth weights, preterm babies

• Maternal education on diphtheria and prevention measures
• Maternal education on importance of immunization
• Creation of awareness on the importance of immunization
• Sensitization on proper hygiene practices
• Health workers education on diphtheria including its management in pregnant women

• Vaccination with Tdap during routine wellness visits to women and girls of childbearing age
• ANC services
• Post-natal services

• Clinical examination and diagnosis of diptheria in pregnant women Supportive management to pregnant mothers with diphtheria to/Relieve common symptoms

• Relieve fever with anti pyretics/analgesics such as paracetamol and ibuprofen

• Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine for pregnant mothers
• Fetal monitoring

• Provide nutritional support for the adults with diphtheria

• Monitoring and Management of complications of diphtheria in pregnant women such as shortness of breath/breathing difficulties
• Management of neonates with low birth weights, preterm babies/as a result of diphtheria

• Psycho social support to mothers who may have poor pregnancy outcomes due to diphtheria e.g low birth weight babies, preterm

• workers education on diphtheria including its management in pregnant women
• Maternal education on diphtheria and prevention measures
• Maternal education on importance of immunization
• Creation of awareness on the importance of immunization
• Sensitization on proper hygiene practices

• ANC services
• Post-natal services
• Vaccination with Tdap during routine wellness visits to women and girls of childbearing age

• Provide nutritional support for the adults with diphtheria

• Clinical examination and diagnosis of diptheria in pregnant women
• Immunization with diphtheria toxoid vaccine for pregnant mothers
• Fetal monitoring
• Monitoring and Management of complications of diphtheria in pregnant women such as shortness of breath/breathing difficulties
• Management of neonates with low birth weights, preterm babies/as a result of diphtheria Supportive management to pregnant mothers with diphtheria to/Relieve common symptoms

• Relieve fever with anti pyretics/analgesics such as paracetamol and ibuprofen

• Psycho social support to mothers who may have poor pregnancy outcomes due to diphtheria e.g low birth weight babies, preterm

• Education and awareness creation on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Education on safe sex practices among the mothers
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms)
• Condom distribution
• Mass awareness campaigns such as World Hepatitis Day and World immunization Week
• Maternal counseling
• Promote ANC attendance
• Distribution of IEC materials on Hepatitis B
• Community health workers training on Hepatitis B,including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B vaccination
• Routine Maternal screening for Hep B.Encourage health-facility deliveries
• Follow up for infants born at home and link the mothers to the health facilities for vaccination

• Provision of high caloric diet
• Adequate of fluids
• Restricted physical activity
• Exclusive Breastfeeding for the newborn
• Referral to a health facility

• Education and awareness creation to mothers on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Provide education to mothers during antenatal care and enhance links with communities.
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms)
• Awareness among mothers on the importance on immunization
• Promote ANC attendance
• Maternal counseling
• condom distribution
• Distribution of IEC materials on Hepatitis B
• Health workers training on Hepatitis B, including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B Vaccination for the pregnant women
• Prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B through; anti-retroviral prophylaxis
• Integration of hepatitis B testing and treatment of eligible pregnant women with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis with antenatal care service. ‘Triple elimination approach
• Routine Screening for Hepatitis B for the pregnant women
• Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn within 24 hours of birth
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes

• Supportive management
• Provision of healthy diet
• Optimum fluid intake
• Enough sleep and rest
• Relieve pain with analgesics
• Exclusive Breastfeeding for the New-born
• Monitor any complications
• Referral to the next level

• Education and awareness creation to mothers on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms)
• Awareness among mothers on the importance on immunization
• Promote ANC attendance
• Health workers training on Hepatitis B, including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B Vaccination for the pregnant women
• Routine Screening for Hepatitis B for the pregnant women
• Prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B through; anti-retroviral prophylaxis
• Integration of hepatitis B testing and treatment of eligible pregnant women with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis with antenatal care service. ‘Triple elimination’ approach
• Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn-preferably within 24 hours ( as it also help prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B.)
• Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion to the mothers
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
• Avoid re-use of needles and syringes.

• Supportive management
• Healthy diet
• Optimum fluids
• Enough sleep/rest
• Relieve of pain with painkillers
• Admission for severe Acute Hepatitis B
• Anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B
• Monitoring and management of any complications

• Maternal counseling on perinatal risks and management options for Hepatitis B

• Awareness among mothers on the importance on immunization
• Promote ANC attendance
• Education and awareness creation to mothers on Hepatitis B including transmission and prevention measures
• Awareness creation on safer sex practices, including minimizing the number of partners and using barrier protective measures (condoms)
• Health workers training on Hepatitis B, including prevention measures

• Hepatitis B Vaccination for the pregnant women
• Routine Screening for Hepatitis B for the pregnant women
• Prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B through; anti-retroviral prophylaxis
• Integration of hepatitis B testing and treatment of eligible pregnant women with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis with antenatal care service. ‘Triple elimination’ approach
• Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn-preferably within 24 hours ( as it also help prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B.)
• Screening all donated blood/Test all blood donations for hepatitis B to ensure blood safety before any transfusion to the mothers
• Safe injection practices, including eliminating unnecessary and unsafe injections,
• • Avoid re-use of needles and syringes.

• History • Physical examination • Viral hepatitis B and C serology • PCR (quantitative and qualitative) with genotype • Complete blood count • Liver function tests • Coagulation factors, including PTT, PT, and INR • Serum iron, ferritin and TIBC test • Alpha 1 antitrypsin test • Ultrasonography • Transient elastography (TE) • Upper GI endoscopy • Liver biopsy

• Supportive management
• Healthy diet
• Optimum fluids
• Enough sleep/rest
• Analgesics
• Admission for severe Acute Hepatitis B
• Anti-retroviral drugs for severe acute Hepatitis B
• Monitoring and management of any complications

Maternal counseling on perinatal risks and management options for Hepatitis B

• Create awareness to mothers and families on Hepatitis A including risk factors
• Families and community education on proper hygiene measuresSensitize communities on use of clean, safe waterEducation families on proper human waste disposal -including for children
• Community health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A including prevention measure

• Observation of personal hygiene practices such as;
• Regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
• Proper disposal of human waste within communities
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking/heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant

• Recognition of possible features of Hepatitis A including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
• Supportive Home remedie ;
• Plenty of rest
• Plenty of fluids/hydration
• Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsen

• Create awareness to mothers on Hepatitis A including risk factors
• Mothers education on proper hygiene measures
• Sensitize mothers and families on use of clean, safe water
• Education families on proper human waste disposal -including for children
• Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A ,including prevention measures and management

• Advice on Observation of personal hygiene practices such as regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
• Advice on proper disposal of human waste within communities
• Advice mothers on Proper food hygiene including - proper cooking/heatingAdvice mothers on Use clean safe water for drinking
• Advice mothers on Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Advice mothers on Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant

• Physical and Clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis A based on signs and symptoms fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
• Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms)
• Advice on home remedies ;
• Plenty of rest
• Plenty of fluids/hydration
• Monitor for any worsening of the condition/any complications
• Referral to a hospital

• Advice to mothers on Hepatitis A including risk factors
• Mothers education on proper hygiene measures
• Sensitize mothers and families on use of clean, safe water
• Advice mothers on proper human waste disposal -including for children
• Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management

• Observation of personal hygiene practices such as;
• regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
• Proper disposal of human waste within communities
• Proper food hygiene including - proper cooking/heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces/with disinfectant

• Physical and clinical examinationRelieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms)
• Relieve any symptom -fever, dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms)
• Investigations
• Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA
• Liver function tests
• Test also for hepatitis B and C
• Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failures

• Advice to mothers on Hepatitis A including risk factors
• Mothers education on proper hygiene measures
• Sensitize mothers and families on use of clean, safe water
• Advice mothers proper human waste disposal -including for children
• Health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis A , including prevention measures and management

• Observation of personal hygiene practices such as regular hand-washing before meals and after going to the bathroom
• Proper disposal of human waste within communities
• Proper food hygiene including proper cooking / heating
• Use clean safe water for drinking
• Strict personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent faecal -oral transmission to others for those already infected
• Proper cleaning of Contaminated surfaces /with disinfectant

• Physical and clinical examinationRelieve any symptom -fever; dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms )
• Relieve any symptom -fever; dehydration i.e.(no specific medicines except to relive symptoms )
• Investigations
• Blood test -To detect HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies in the blood
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA
• Liver function tests
• Test also for hepatitis B and C
• Monitor and management of complications the main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)

• Create awareness to mothers and families on Hepatitis E including risk factors
• Families and community education on proper hygiene measures Sensitize communities on consumption of clean, safe waterEducation families on proper human waste disposal -including for children.
• Community health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures

• Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases

• Recognition of features indicative of Hepatitis E including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain,itching (without skin lesions), yellow color of the skin and whiteness of the eyes, with dark urine and pale stools - proper nutrition - Adequate rest - relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Supportive treatment including
• Referral to a health facility for further management if symptoms worsen

• Create awareness to mothers and families on Hepatitis E including risk factors
• Families and community education on proper hygiene measuresSensitize communities on consumption of clean, safe waterEducation families on proper human waste disposal -including for children
• Health workers education/sensitization on Hepatitis E including prevention measures and management

• Guidance/education on proper hygiene practices including: - Proper disposal of human waste/feaces
• Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products (consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Physical and clinical examination,Diagnosis of Hepatitis E based on signs and symptoms including initial mild fever, reduced appetite nausea and vomiting,abdominal pain, itching (without skin lesions),jaundice,with dark urine and pale stools
• Supportive treatment including; - proper nutrition - Adequate rest
• Relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Referral to a health facility in case symptoms worsens

• Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures to the pregnant mothers
• Guidance on good hygiene practices for mothers
• Guidance on use of clean and safe drinking water
• Awareness on good sanitation/including safe human waste disposal in communities
• Health workers education on Hepatitis E transmission, prevention and management

• Guidance on; - Proper disposal of human faeces - Maintaining individual hygiene practices
• Consumption of clean safe water
• Consumption of properly cooked meat and meat products
• consumption of uncooked meat and meat products accounts for a small number of clinical cases)
• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease
• Supportive treatment including; - proper nutrition,Adequate rest
• Monitoring and management of any complications main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)
• Relieving fever through use of pain killers
• Admission/hospitalization for symptomatic pregnant women.
• Physical and clinical examination,Diagnosis based on
• Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination.
• Rule out hepatitis A
• Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.

Create awareness on Hepatitis E disease, the transmission mode and preventive measures to the pregnant mothers Guidance on good hygiene practices for mothersGuidance on use of clean and safe drinking waterAwareness on good sanitation /including safe human waste disposal in communities Health workers education on Hepatitis E transmission, prevention and management

• Monitoring and Proper record keeping/reporting especially in out breaks situation

• Monitoring and management of any complications main one being fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure)
• N/b There is no specific treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.; usually self-limiting disease
• Supportive treatment including: ** *proper nutrition, *
• *Adequate rest *
• relieving fever through use of pain killers*
• Admission/hospitalization for symptomatic pregnant women.
• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnosis based on Strong link in appropriate epidemiology settings, e.g. when several cases occur in localities in known disease-endemic areas, or in settings with risk of water contamination.
• Rule out hepatitis A
• Blood tests for detection of specific IgM antibodies to the virus for definitive diagnosis.

• Create awareness on diabetes including prevention measures
• Create awareness on health diets for the pregnant women
• Education to pregnant women, Families and communities on importance of physical exercise
• Creation of awareness on avoidance risk factors such as avoidance of tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol.
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Community Health workers training on diabetes including prevention measures

• Periodic screening for diabetes
• Guidance on health lifestyle including
• A healthy diet to achieve or maintain normal body weight
• Advice on regular physical activity e.g. walking
• Advise to Overweight mothers should be advised maintaining a healthy weight
• Advice on avoidance of tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol.

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of diabetes including thirst, frequent urination, blurring of vision and fatigue
• Referral to a health facility for pregnant women suspected to have diabetes
• Encourage the mothers with per-existing diabetes to eat a healthy balanced diet
• Encourage the pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes to have regular daily physical activity
• Recognition of features indicative of acute diabetic complications which include -headache,- hunger - irritability, anxiety - sweating, - trembling, - difficulty in speaking, - confusion, coma
• Adherence to medication for pre-existing diabetes -in pregnant
• Give glucose to the patient with signs of acute diabetic complications if the patient can swallow - before referral) - Frequent Blood sugar monitoring
• Emergency Referral to a health facility for pregnant women suspected to have  acute diabetes emergencies

• Community rehabilitation services for persons with diabetic complications (physical, occupational and speech rehabilitation to help with mobility, speech and cognitive impairments related to diabetes)

• Psycho social support to incorporate total quality of life in diabetics including behavioral, mood, attitude, and emotional support and also to improve adherence to treatment
• Enrollment to support groups

• Create awareness on diabetes including prevention measures
• Create awareness on health diets for the pregnant women
• Education to pregnant women, Families and communities on importance of physical exercise
• Creation of awareness on avoidance risk factors such as on avoidance of tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol.
• Health workers training on diabetes including management in pregnant women

• Advice/guidance to pregnant women on maintaining healthy diet
• Guidance on a regular exercise routine
• Guidance on maintaining healthy body weight/guidance on weight loss
• Screening for diabetes

• Pre-natal screening for Gestational diabetes
• Management of Gestational diabetes pre-existing diabetes through advice on Lifestyle change including- Healthy balanced diet/nutritional therapy

• Regular daily physical activity- Weight management depending on pregestational weight

• Refill of medication/(insulin) for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes
• Foetal monitoring - Postpartum Follow-up
• Referral to a hospital for the mother suspected to have Gestational diabetes for definitive diagnosis and for initiation of treatment
• Recognition and stabilising pregnant women with acute diabetic emergencies (hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia) before referral to a hospital

• Physical, occupational and speech rehabilitation to help with mobility, speech and cognitive impairments related to diabetes.

• Psycho social support to - incorporate total quality of life in diabetics including behavioral, mood, attitude and emotional support and also to improve adherence to treatment
• Linkage to support groups

• Create awareness on diabetes including prevention measures among pregnant women
• Create awareness on health diets for the pregnant women
• Education to pregnant women, on importance of physical exercise
• Creation of awareness on avoidance risk factors such as on avoidance of tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol
• Promote ANC attendance
• Health workers training on diabetes including management in pregnant women

• Advice/guidance to pregnant women on maintaining healthy diet
• Guidance on a regular exercise routine
• Guidance on maintaining healthy body weight/guidance on weight loss

• Pre-natal screening for Gestational diabetes
• Management of Gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes through advice on Lifestyle change including.

• healthy balanced diet/nutritional therapy - regular daily physical activity.
• Weight management depending on pregestational weight

• Medications/use of Insulin for treating hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus as it does not cross the placenta
• Management of pre-existing diabetes in pregnant women through use of insulin
• Monitoring and prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with diabetes (use low dose aspirin 60–150 mg/day - Foetal monitoring
• Monitoring of the neonates blood sugar after delivery
• Postpartum Follow-up

• Physical, occupational and speech rehabilitation to help with mobility, speech and cognitive impairments related to diabetes
• Physical rehabilitation services for mother with diabetic complications such as diabetic foot/i.e. those amputated sight Rehabilitation for those with retinopathy

• Psycho social support to incorporate total quality of life in diabetics including behavioral, mood, attitude, emotional support &amp, also to improve adherence to treatment

• Create awareness on diabetes including prevention measures among pregnant women
• Create awareness on health diets for the pregnant women
• Education to pregnant women, on importance of physical exercise
• Creation of awareness on avoidance risk factors such as on avoidance of tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol
• Health workers training on diabetes including management in pregnant women
• Promote ANC attendance

• Advice/guidance to pregnant women on maintaining healthy diet
• Guidance on a regular exercise routine
• Guidance on maintaining healthy body weight/guidance on weight loss

• Pre-natal screening for Gestational diabetes
• Management of Gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes through advice on Lifestyle change including.
• healthy balanced diet/nutritional therapy
• regular daily physical activity.
• Weight management depending on pregestational weight
• Medications/use of Insulin for treating hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus as it does not cross the placenta
• Management of pre-existing diabetes in pregnant women through use of insulin
• Monitoring and prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with diabetes (use low dose aspirin 60–150 mg/day
• Foetal monitoring
• Monitoring of the neonates blood sugar after delivery
• Postpartum Follow-up

• Physical rehabilitation services for mother with diabetic complications such as diabetic foot/i.e. those amputated
• sight Rehabilitation for those with retinopathy
• Physical, occupational and speech rehabilitation to help with mobility
• speech and cognitive impairments related to diabetes

• Psycho social support to incorporate total quality of life in diabetics including behavioral, mood, attitude, emotional support &amp, also to improve adherence to treatment

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites and immediate care measures after a bite
• Community Health workers training on rabies ,prevention measures and its management

• Eliminating rabies in dogs- through Vaccinating dogs (multi-sectoral approach with veterinary departments )
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Recognition of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include:if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species; the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present,the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior,a wound was contaminated by the animal’s saliva,the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated,The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• First aid for the pregnant woman following a deep bite or scratch from an animal suspected to have rabies, through extensive wound washing—i.e thorough flushing and washing of the wound for a minimum of 15 minutes with soap and water, detergent, and /or anti septic’s such povidone iodine
• Relive any pain with pain killers such as paracetamol
• Immediate Referral to a health facility for PEP and further management
• Report/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community /quarantined

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite.
• Health workers training on rabies, prevention measures and its management

• Referral to hospitals for Pre-exposure immunization for women in high-risk occupations such as; laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses,elderly whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments and veterinary departments

• Physical and clinical examination
• Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• Immediate post exposure prophylaxis through Extensive washing, flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch
• Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Immediate referral to a hospital after the initial management for further management including post exposure immunization
• Alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantine the animal

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites.
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite.
• Health workers training on rabies,prevention measures and its management

• Immunization for mothers with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP)
• Pre-exposure immunization for mothers in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and those whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments

• Physical and clinical examination
• Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of the pregnant women assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies;
  • Extensive washing ; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure;
  • Administration of rabies vaccine
  • the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated.
• Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Foetal monitoring
• Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies
• ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma
• Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined

• Counselling services to mothers on safety of using rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin in pregnancy.

• Awareness creation on rabies and prevention measures including preventing dog bites.
• Education on dog behavior and bite prevention
• Increasing awareness of rabies prevention and control in communities including education and information on responsible pet ownership, how to prevent dog bites, and immediate care measures after a bite.
• Health workers training on rabies,prevention measures and its management

• Immunization for mothers with rabies vaccine after exposure (PEP)
• Pre-exposure immunization for mothers in high-risk occupations such as, laboratory workers handling live rabies and rabies-related (lyssavirus) viruses and those whose profession brings them direct contact with animals e.g. wildlife rangers
• Joint contact tracing by veterinary and public health services to identify additional suspected rabid animals and human bite victims, with the goal to apply preventive measures accordingly
• Record keeping and reporting to the public health departments

• Physical and clinical examination
• Recognition and categorization of animal bite exposures categorized as carrying a risk of developing rabies which include: if the biting mammal is a known rabies reservoir or vector species, the exposure occurs in a geographical area where rabies is still present, the animal looks sick or displays abnormal behavior, a wound or mucous membrane was contaminated by the animal’s saliva, the bite was unprovoked, the animal has not been vaccinated, The vaccination status of the suspect animal is questionable
• Immediate post exposure prophylaxis of the pregnant women assessed as carrying a risk of developing rabies;
  • Extensive washing ; flushing and local treatment of the bite wound or scratch as soon as possible after a suspected exposure;
  • Administration of rabies vaccine
  • the administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG), if indicated.
• Relieve of any other symptoms such as pain with analgesics
• Foetal monitoring
• Monitor and manage any complications depending on the two forms of rabies – such as cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of furious rabies or muscle paralysis and coma due to paralytic rabies
• ICU services for patients with complications e.g. those in coma
• Integrated bite case management/alert the veterinary services to remove the biting animal from the community/quarantined

• Counselling services to mothers on safety of using rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin in pregnancy.

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures
• Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• Education on vector/mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Community health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Promote vaccination with yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women during yellow fever out breaks when the risk of infection is high
• Recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban area
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance an
• Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Recognition of features indicative of yellow fever including fever, headache, yellowing of the skin and eyes, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and fatigue
• Relieve symptoms through
• Relieve fever through use medicines such as paracetamol
• Relieve pain through use of painkillers such as paracetamol
• Give fluids to the patient
• Referral to a health facility for further management

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures
• Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• Education on vector/mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Mass awareness campaigns on yellow fever
• Health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• vaccination with yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women during yellow fever out breaks when the risk of infection is high
• Recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Physiacl examination
• clinical diagnosis based on the patient's signs and symptoms, the travel history (when and where), the related travel activities and vaccine history
• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including; - Relive pain - Management of fever - Hydration
• Monitoring for any complications/severity of the disease
• Stabilize the patient with complications due to yellow fever before referral e.g. administration of oxygen
• Monitoring, supportive management for any Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) with Yellow fever Vaccine
• Referral to a hospital for a patient with severe yellow fever and for those with complications due to AEFI for further management

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures
• Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• Education on vector/mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Vaccination with yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women during yellow fever out breaks when the risk of infection is high
• Recognition and control of outbreaks using mass immunization in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Isolation of infected individuals indoors or under mosquito netting to prevent further mosquito exposure and hence cut off the transmission
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Physical examination
• clinical diagnosis based on the patient's signs and symptoms, the travel history (when and where), the related travel activities and vaccine history
• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including Relive pain and fever
• Monitoring and specific management of the disease depending on the severity including

• Oxygen administration - Intravenous fluid administration for dehydration
• Blood pressure control -medications to increase collection/blood_pressure in cases of circulatory collapse - transfusion of blood products in cases of severe bleeding
• Antibiotics for secondary bacterial_infections

• Management for any complication due to AEFI with yellow fever vaccine
• • Foetal montoring
• Tests- Blood tests to detect the virus in the early stages of the disease Or demonstrate the presence of virus-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) in late stages of yellow fever.

• Education and awareness creation on yellow fever including transmission and prevention measures ** Education on the need for yellow fever vaccination
• • Education on vector /mosquito control measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on yellow fever including prevention measures

• Vaccination with yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women during yellow fever out breaks when the risk of infection is high
• Requirement for travelers to provide certificate of yellow fever vaccine in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR)
• Eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites to reduce risk of yellow fever transmission in urban areas
• Vector surveillance targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species to inform where there is a risk of an outbreak and hence inform vector control activities, human disease surveillance and testing
• Isolation of infected individuals indoors or under mosquito netting to prevent further mosquito exposure and hence cut off the transmission
• Personal preventive measures such as clothing minimizing skin exposure and repellents to avoid mosquito bites
• Recording and reporting on yellow fever to health departments

• Physical examination
• clinical diagnosis based on the patient's signs and symptoms, the travel history (when and where), the related travel activities and vaccine history
• Supportive treatment aimed at relieving symptoms including
• Relive pain and fever
• Monitoring and specific management of the disease depending on the severity including
• • Oxygen administration
• • Intravenous fluid administration for dehydration
• • Blood pressure control -medications to increase collection/blood_pressure in cases of circulatory collapse
• · transfusion of blood products in cases of severe bleeding
• • Antibiotics for secondary bacterial_infections_
• • ICU services for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in cases of respiratory failure
• Management for any complication due to AEFI with yellow fever vaccine
• Diagnostic Tests;- Blood tests to detect the virus in the early stages of the disease or demonstrate the presence of virus-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) in late stages of yellow fever.
• Follow up

• Create awareness to pregnant women on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• Education to mothers on safe sex practices
• Community health workers training/sensitization on Hepatitis C, including transmission & prevention measures

• Avoiding sharing personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers)
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste;
• Safe sex practices
• Prevention of exposure to blood during sex;
• Promotion of Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening for Hepatitis C infection

• Proper nutrition, fluids; rest and relieve pain
• Referral to a health facility if symptoms worsens

• Create awareness to mothers and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• Provision of education; comprehensive harm-reduction services to mothers who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence health education on hepatitis C
• Eduaction on safe sex practices
• Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission &; prevention measures

• Primary prevention measures
• Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
• Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• Guidance to mothers on Safe sex practices
• prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• Screening, for hepatitis C infection

• Proper nutrition
• Optimum fluids therapy
• Plenty of rest
• Relieve of pain
• Monitor for any complications
• Referral to the next level if symptoms worsens

• Create awareness to mothers and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• Provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to mothers who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Education to mothers on safe sex practices
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission, prevention measures and management

• Primary prevention measures; Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
• safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
• screening/Testing of donated blood for HBV and HCV (as well as HIV and syphilis
• Screening for hepatitis C infection for the pregnant women
• Screening for HCV to children born to mothers infected with HCV
• Education/guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver

• Physical and clinical
• Diagnosis of hepatitis C in pregnant women based on signs and symptoms
• Supportive therapies pregnant women with Hepatitis C including; - proper nutrition;

• fluids therapy - plenty of rest - relieve of pain

• Administration of Antiviral therapy
• Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis and management of any complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) to confirm chronic infection
• Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis and management of any complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Diagnostic tests
• Serological tests for anti-HCV antibodies (hepatitis C antibody test)
• Nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) to confirm chronic infection

• Health workers training on Hepatitis C, including transmission ; prevention measures; and management
• Education to mothers on safe sex practices
• Provision of education & comprehensive harm-reduction services to mothers who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment and effective and evidence-based treatment of dependence
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Mass awareness campaigns during health days such as World Hepatitis Day
• Create awareness to mothers and families on Hepatitis C including transmission, risk factors and prevention measures

• Primary prevention measures
  • Injection safety -safe and appropriate use of health care injections
  • safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste
  • Education /guidance on Safe sex practices -prevent exposure to blood during sex
• Immunization with the hepatitis A and B vaccines to prevent coinfection from these hepatitis viruses and to protect their liver
• screening/ Testing of donated blood for HBV and HCV (as well as HIV and syphilis
• Screening, for hepatitis C infection for the pregnant women
• Screening for HCV to children born to mothers infected with HCV

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnostic tests
• Serological tests for anti-HCV antibodies (hepatitis C antibody test)
• Nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) to confirm chronic infection
• Diagnosis of hepatitis C in pregnant women based on signs and symptoms
• Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis and management of any complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Supportive therapies pregnant women with Hepatitis C including
• proper nutrition;
• fluids therapy ;
• plenty of rest;
• relieve of pain
• Administration of Antiviral therapy

• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members
• Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment
• Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy
• Community Health workers sensitization on Leprosy

• Guidance on :
• Avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Community screening to identify presumptive leprosy cases
• Early case detection through active case finding
• Contact tracing
• Strengthening surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Strengthening the reporting system for leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)

• Identification of a presumptive leprosy case based on signs including presence of pale (lighter than normal skin) or Hypo pigmented skin patches, Numbness in the hands and feet; Weakness and difficulty in normal movement of fingers/thumb/wrist/toes/ankles or eyelid, Painless injuries, blisters, burns or ulcers in hands and feet, presence of deformities such as clawing of fingers/thumb, clawing of toes or inability to close eyes properly
• Guidance/Advice to the mother with leprosy on self-care including; Care of Eyes - care of hands and feet - guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing - use of correct footwear
• supportive management
• Referral of a patient suspected to have Leprosy to a health facility for management
• Supporting a known leprosy patient to Ensure adherence to medicines

• Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services
• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups such groups encourage each other on self-care needs
• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities
• Working towards abolishing discriminatory laws and promote policies facilitating inclusion of persons affected by leprosy through multi sectoral approach

• Psychological social support and counseling services for pregnant women affected by leprosy and their families

• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy in the community
• Demand creation for the pregnant women/community to seek early diagnosis and treatment
• Pregnant women/Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy,signs and symptoms and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Health workers education on leprosy including prevention,diagnosis and management

• Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding
• Contact tracing
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies,strategies and activities

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnosis of Leprosy based on the cardinal signs;

1. loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch
2. Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve
3. Presence of acid-fast bacilli in a slit-skin smear (confirmatory test)

• Hospital admission
• Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT) (dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine
• Ensuring adherence to treatment
• Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment
• Prevention and management of disabilities
• Guidance /Advice to pregnant women with leprosy on self-care including Care of Eyes, care of hands and feet, guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear
• Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network * Follow up for patients

• Physical rehabilitation services for pregnant women with complications of Leprosy/leprosy related disabilities
• Linkage of pregnant women with leprosy to support groups/self care groups
• Guidance to communities on the Need for inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Guidance to pregnant women affected by leprosy on how to participate actively in leprosy services.

• Physio-social support and counseling services for pregnant women affected by leprosy and their families

• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members
• Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment
• Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms, and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy
• Health workers training on leprosy including prevention and diagnosis and management

• Guidance to pregnant women to avoid close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding Contact tracing
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities

• physical and clinical examination
• Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs;
• Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch
• Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve
• Guidance/Advice to elderly patients with leprosy on self-care including Care of Eyes, care of hands and feet, guidance on voluntary muscle testing and sensory testing use of correct footwear
• Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment
• Follow up Guidance and Ensuring adherence to treatment for known leprosy patients

• Work with communities to Promote societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Work with communities to Empower persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services
• Work with communities to Promote societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups, such groups encourage each other on self care needs
• Supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities

• Community Capacity building on basic facts about leprosy, signs and symptoms, and mode of transmission will improve early diagnosis and treatment
• Community knowledge that leprosy disease is curable will reduce stigma and discrimination
• Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
• Health workers education on leprosy including prevention, diagnosis and management
• Multi-sectoral approach in addressing leprosy
• Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy
• Community Health education to raise suspicion of leprosy by the community members
• Demand creation for community to seek early diagnosis and treatment

• • Guidance on avoidance of close and frequent contacts with persons with untreated leprosy
• Early case detection through active case finding
• Contact tracing
• Guidance on prompt start and adherence to treatment
• Surveillance for leprosy
• Recording and reporting on leprosy (health information systems for program monitoring and evaluation)
• Conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities

• physical and clinical examination
• Presumptive diagnosis of Leprosy based on cardinal signs:
• Definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypo pigmented) or reddish skin patch *
• Thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve*
• Follow up and prevention of complications including progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes through early diagnosis and early treatment
• Prevention and management of disabilities.
• Management of Leprosy with Multidrug therapy (MDT)
• Hospital admission
• Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network.

• Work with communities to Promote societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma
• Work with communities to Empower persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services
• Promoting coalition-building among persons affected by leprosy including self care groups, such groups encourage each other on self care needs
• supporting community-based rehabilitation for people with leprosy-related disabilities

• Health education to pregnant women/families on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women/families/Community education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems
• Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil.
• Community Health workers teaining on ascariasis including prevention measures

• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Proper/good nutrition for pregnant women

• Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health education to pregnant women on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures and management

• Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng;
• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Physical and clinical examination,
• Clinical diagnosis of ascariasi, history of passage of a live worm, in faeces abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever
• Supportive therapy including; Lab Diagnostic test-Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the ascaris eggs
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Follow up and prevention of complications e.g.breathing complications
• Referral to hospital for management of any complications such as breathing complications

• Health education to pregnant women on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management

• Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng;
• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal/not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of ascariasis, history of passage of a live worm in faeces,abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing, or fever
• Supportive therapy including;
• Relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers,
• Nutritional support (proper nutrition )
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Prevention and management of any complications due to ascariasis e.g breathing complications, surgical intervention for intraabdominal complications.
• Diagnostics
• Microscopy stool for identifying ascaris eggs

• Blood tests for eosinophilia
• Imaging for heavily invested individuals
• Ultrasound to detect hepatobiliary or pancreatic ascariasis

• Prevention and management of any complications due to ascariasis e.g breathing complications, surgical intervention for intraabdominal complications.

• Health education to pregnant women on ascariasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers education on ascariasis including prevention measures and management

• Guidance to pregnant women on primary prevention measures incluidng :

• • Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• • proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• • Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• • Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• • Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• • Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Anthelmintic
• Steroids for complication
• Surgery for obstruction

• Awareness Creation among mothers and families on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Education and awareness creation on safe delivery to the mothers
• Creation of awareness on importance of infant/child vaccination and on vaccination schedule
• Health education activities to increase community awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Training the community Health workers on tetanus, including prevention measures/on vaccination, detection of tetanus

• Advice on need for Regular ANC attendance
• Maternal immunization with Tetanus (Tetanus toxoid vaccination) to prevent neonatal tetanus
• Advise on the need to deliver in health facilities to ensure clean delivery practices
• Proper care for minor Wounds in mothers -thorough cleaning of the wound and covering to prevent infections advise and guidance to mothers on cord care
• Effective neonatal tetanus surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records.
• Routine immunisation of mothers (outside of pregnancy) to prevent tetanus
• Outreach activities in order to increase ANC and TT immunization coverage

• Recognition of symptoms of neonatal tetanus which include muscle spasms, often preceded by the newborn’s inability to suck or breastfeed, and excessive crying
• Recognition of symptoms indicative of tetanus in the mothers including jaw cramping or the inability to open the mouth (lock jaw), muscle spasms often in the back, abdomen and extremities, sudden painful muscle spasms often triggered by sudden noises, trouble swallowing, seizures, Headache, fever and sweating
• Immediate referral to a health facility for mother or neonate suspected to have tetanus

• Home based/community based physical therapy rehabilitation for muscle movements

• Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Awareness Creation among mothers and families on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Education and awareness creation on safe delivery to the mothers
• Health education activities to increase community awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization
• Creation of awareness on importance of infant/child vaccination and on vaccination schedule
• Training the ANC Health care providers on tetanus on vaccination and cold chain management
• Training Health workers on safe delivery methods
• Training Health care workers on Tetanus, prevention measures and management

• Advice to mothers on Regular ANC attendance
• Maternal Immunization againts Tetanus (Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination)
• Clean delivery practices
• Proper cord care during delivery
• Proper wound care
• Effective surveillance to identify areas/populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus and maternal tetanus
• Effective tetanus vaccination monitoring system including immunization register, personal vaccination cards and maternal health records
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
• Outreach activities in order to increase ANC and TT immunization coverage

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features
• For neonatal tetanus–an illness occurring in an infant who has the normal ability to suck and cry in the first 2 days of life, but who loses this ability between days 3 and 28 of life and becomes rigid or has spasms
• Non-neonatal tetanus requires at least one of the following signs; a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions
• And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)
• Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics fever with anti pyretic
• Immediate referral of the mother/neonate to a hospital for management

• Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements

• Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Awareness Creation among mothers on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Education and awareness creation on safe delivery to the mothers
• Creation of awareness on importance of infant/child vaccination and on vaccination schedule
• Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization
• Training the ANC Health care providers on tetanus on vaccination and cold chain management
• Training Health workers on safe delivery methods
• Training Health care workers on Tetanus, prevention measures and management

• Advice to mothers on Regular ANC attendance
• Maternal immunization against Tetanus (Tetanus toxoid vaccination)
• Proper cord care during delivery
• Clean delivery practices
• Proper wound care
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus and maternal tetanus
• Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features
• For neonatal tetanus–an illness occurring in an infant who has the normal ability to suck and cry in the first 2 days of life, but who loses this ability between days 3 and 28 of life and becomes rigid or has spasms

• Non-neonatal tetanus (in this case affecting the mothers)requires at least one of the following signs; a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)

• Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti pyretic
• Immediate admission for mothers with tetanus/neonates with neonatal tetanus (Tetanus is a medical emergency)
• Administration of antibiotics
• Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
• Tetanus Vaccination for the mothers who have recovered since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity
• Prevention and management of any complications such as respiratory failure
• referral to specialised hospitals for further managemnet eg Intensive care services to mange severe tetanus/any complications eg for

• Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements

• Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Awareness Creation among mothers on Tetanus and preventive measures
• Education and awareness creation on safe delivery to the mothers
• Creation of awareness on importance of infant/child vaccination and on vaccination schedule
• Health education activities to increase awareness of the importance of tetanus immunization
• Training the ANC Health care providers on tetanus on vaccination and cold chain management
• Training Health workers on safe delivery methods
• Training Health care workers on Tetanus, prevention measures and management

• Advice to mothers on Regular ANC attendance
• Clean delivery practices
• Maternal immunization against Tetanus (Tetanus toxoid vaccination)
• Proper wound care
• Proper wound care for surgical and dental procedures
• Proper cord care during delivery
• Data keeping/monitoring the impact of interventions and reporting
• Effective surveillance to identify areas or populations at high risk of neonatal tetanus and maternal tetanus

• • Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of tetanus based on Clinical features
• For neonatal tetanus–an illness occurring in an infant who has the normal ability to suck and cry in the first 2 days of life, but who loses this ability between days 3 and 28 of life and becomes rigid or has spasms
• Non-neonatal tetanus ( in this case affecting the mothers)requires at least one of the following signs; a sustained spasm of the facial muscles in which the person appears to be grinning, or painful muscular contractions. And with a history of injury or wound, tetanus (but may also occur in patients who are unable to recall a specific wound or injury)
• Relieve of other symptoms such as headache with analgesics, fever with anti pyretic
• Immediate admission for mothers with tetanus/neonates with neonatal tetanus (Tetanus is a medical emergency)
• Immediate management with medicines human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
• Aggressive wound care for the mothers with tetanus
• Management/control of muscle spasms
• Administration of antibiotics
• Tetanus Vaccination for the mothers who have recovered since infection with tetanus does not confer natural immunity ** Prevention and management of any complications such as respiratory failure
• Intensive care services to mange severe tetanus/any complications eg for ventilation
• Follow up

• Physiotherapy, rehabilitation for muscle movements e.g swallowing and oral motor movements

• • Psycho social support and counseling
• Linkage to patient support groups

• Health education to pregnant women/families on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women/families/Community education on personal hygiene as well as proper
• Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems disposal of human faeces
• Community Health workers education on trichuriasis including prevention measures

• Proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Practicing proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Avoiding consuming and avoidance of contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for the pregnant women

• Identification of features/signs indicative of trichuriasis including frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water, and blood,abdominal pain The diarrhea typically has an pungent smell
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition
• Referral to health facility for definitive diagnosis and treatment

• Health education to pregnant women on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management

• Guidance to pregnant women on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Teaching on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Teaching/advice on Avoidance consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Advice mothers on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Advice on Washing, peeling or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure
• Advice on safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis based on features such as including frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water, and blood, abdominal pain, the diarrhea typically has a pungent smell
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with analgesics, nutritional support (proper nutrition
• Lab Diagnostic test-Stool sample for microscopy for identifying the trichuria eggs
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole, ivermectin
• Foetal monitoring
• Follow up and prevention of complications e.g anaemia
• Referral to hospital for management of complications due to trichuriasis

• Health education to pregnant women on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management

• Guidance to pregnant women on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Teaching on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Teaching/advice on Avoidance consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Advice mothers on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Advice on Washing, peeingl or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure<
• Advice on safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, history of passage of a live worm, in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing or fever
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Diagnostic tests,
• Microscopy–stool for identifying trichuris eggs
• Endoscopy to see adult worms in GIT
• Prevention and management of any complications due to Trichuriasis e.g Viatmin A deficiency, anaemia, rectal prolapse

• Health education to pregnant women on Trichuriasis and prevention measures
• Pregnant women education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces
• Health workers training on Trichuriasis including prevention measures and management

• Guidance to pregnant women on proper cleaning and cooking of food
• Teaching on proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure
• Teaching/advice on Avoidance consuming or getting into contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter
• Advice mothers on Proper waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Advice on Washing, peeingl or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure<
• • Advice on safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure
• Promoting good nutrition for pregnant women

• Physical and clinical examination
• Clinical diagnosis of Trichuriasis, history of passage of a live worm, in faeces, abdominal pain while others may have cough, difficulty in breathing or fever
• Supportive therapy including relieve of any abdominal pain with painkillers, nutritional support (proper nutrition)
• Treatment using Anthelminthic medications such as albendazole and mebendazole
• Diagnostic tests

• Microscopy–stool for identifying trichuris eggs
• Endoscopy to see adult worms in GIT

• Prevention and management of any complications due to Trichuriasis e.g Viatmin A deficiency, anaemia, rectal prolapse

• Educate pregnant women on the need for facility births attended by a skilled birth attendant

• Promote Good maternal nutrition
• Promote early initaion of breastfeeding
• Promote ANC attendance
• promote good maternal nutrition/including nutrition supplementation
• • Infection prevention cand control practices
• Encourage mothers to delier at health faclitiees
• • Timely referall for mothers

• Full assessment of any community births with Apgar scores
• Refer neonates with Apgar score less than 7 to next level for assessment

• Follow up neonates treated for birth asphyxia to detect any signs of neurologic dysfunction such as delayed developmental milestones
• Linkage with rehabilitation centres eg for physical rehabilation, speech atc

• create awareness on birth aspyxia
• Health Education to pregnanct women on birth asphyxia
• Health education to pregancnt women on the need for ANC
• promote eraly health seeking behaviour
• Educate pregnant women on the need for facility births attended by a skilled birth attendant
• Dstribution of IEC materails
• Strengten health workers knowledge on birth asphyxia including management

• Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score
• Training of all delivery staff in neonatal resuscitation

• Start neonatal resuscitation for nenates with Apgar scores of 0 to 3 as follows;
• Dry neonate and place supine under overhead warmer
• Suctioning of airways Tactile stimulation to encourage spontaneous breathing Oxygen therapy,
• Bag-mask ventilation (Ambu bag) for non-responsive neonates Chest compression if heart rate does not improve
• Refer to next level with ongoing resuscitation if not responsive to procedures
• Refer responsive neonates to next level for further assessment and observation

• Follow up neonates treated for birth asphyxia to detect any signs of neurologic dysfunction such as delayed developmental milestones

• create awareness on birth aspyxia
• Health Education to pregnanct women on birth asphyxia
• Health education to pregancnt women on the need for ANC
• promote eraly health seeking behaviour
• Educate pregnant women on the need for facility births attended by a skilled birth attendant
• Dstribution of IEC materails
• Strengten health workers knowledge on birth asphyxia including management

• Training of all delivery staff in neonatal resuscitation
• Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score

• Start neonatal resuscitation for nenates with Apgar scores of 0 to 3 as follows;
• Dry neonate and place supine under overhead warmer
• Suctioning of airways Tactile stimulation to encourage spontaneous breathing Oxygen therapy,
• Bag-mask ventilation (Ambu bag) for non-responsive neonates Endotracheal intubation for neonates not responsive to bag-mask ventilation * * Chest compression if heart rate does not improve
• Transfer to neonatal intensive care unit for further assessment

• create awareness on birth aspyxia
• Health Education to pregnanct women on birth asphyxia
• Health education to pregancnt women on the need for ANC
• promote eraly health seeking behaviour
• Educate pregnant women on the need for facility births attended by a skilled birth attendant
• Dstribution of IEC materails
• Strengten health workers knowledge on birth asphyxia including management

• Promote ANC attendance
• Promote early initaion of breastfeeding
• promote good maternal nutrition/including nutrition supplementation
• clean and safe delivery
• Infection prevention cand control practices
• Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score
• Monitoring quality of care and instituting remedial measures
• Timely referall for mothers

• Physical and clinical examination
• ManagEment of neonates with birth asphyxia as per IMCI guidelines
• Antibiotics therapy for neonates with possible severe bacterial infections
• Neonatal resuscitation
• • Dry neonate and place supine under overhead warmer
• *Suctioning of airways
• • Tactile stimulation to encourage spontaneous breathing
• Oxygen therapy,
• • Bag-mask ventilation (Ambu bag) for non-responsive neonates
• • Chest compression if heart rate does not improve
• Encourage kangaroo mother care /or kangaroo father care
• Nutritional support
• Encourage breastfeeding
• ICU Services -eg for life support where indfdicated
• Tests
• Blood tests -eg blood gases
• • Ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI
• Electro-encephalogram EEG

• Educate pregnant women on the need for facility births attended by a skilled birth attendant

• Full assessment of any community births with Apgar scores Refer neonates with Apgar score less than 7 to next level for assessment Complete examination of neonates for evidence of birth trauma
• Confirm spontaneous movement of all limbs and exclude the presence of any head swelling or skull depression

• Refer neonates with suspected birth trauma to next level for further assessment

• Follow up neonates with residual effects of birth trauma with any needed home based physiotherapy support

• Psychological support for families whose neonates with birth trauma including those who have developed permanent nerve injuries

• Educate pregnant women on the need for facility births attended by a skilled birth attendant

• Full assessment of all newborns with Apgar score Complete examination of neonates for evidence of birth trauma
• Confirm spontaneous movement of all limbs and exclude the presence of any head swelling or skull depression

• Refer neonates with confirmed birth trauma to next level for further assessment and management
• Safe transpotation of neonates/small babies
• Encourage KFC AND/or KMC
• Encourage breast feeding/nutritional support

• Follow up neonates with residual effects of birth trauma with any needed physiotherapy support
• Referral of neonates with permanent nerve injuries to hospital for specialist assessment and advice on further management

• psychological support for families whose neonates with birth trauma including those who have developed permanent nerve injuries
• Spiritual support

• Clinical examination
• Physical examination
• Nutritional support
• antibitics terapy where indicated
• safe transportation of small babies
• Encourage KFC and /or KMC
• Refer to specialised hospitals for ICU services where indicated
• Laboratory services /invstigations that include but are not limited to:
• blood film microscopy,
• blood group and cross-match,
• blood chemistry, CSF and stool and urine microscopy, gram stain,
• Imaging modalities including
• x-ray
• ultra-sound

• Health education to mothers on birth trauma and prevention measures
• Health education on need for ANC attendance
• Promotion of eraly health seeking behaviour
• Promotion of facility based deliveries

• psychological support for families whose neonates with birth trauma including those who have developed permanent nerve injuries
• Spiritual support

• Clinical examination
• Physical examination
• Nutritional support
• antibitics terapy where indicated
• safe transportation of small babies
• Encourage KFC and /or KMC
• ICU support where indicated
• Laboratory services /invstigations that include but are not limited to:
• blood film microscopy,
• blood group and cross-match,
• blood chemistry, CSF and stool and urine microscopy, gram stain,
• Imaging modalities including
• x-ray
• ultra-sound
• MRI

• Health education to mothers on birth trauma and prevention measures
• Health education on need for ANC attendance
• Promotion of eraly health seeking behaviour
• Promotion of facility based deliveries

• psychological support for families whose neonates with birth trauma including those who have developed permanent nerve injuries
• Spiritual support

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Follow up cases of iodine deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice
• Refer pregnant women with goiters or signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism to hospital for further assessment and management

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Refer cases of iodine deficiency and cases of goiter to hospital for treatment

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine
• Plan for sugery for pregnant women with large goiters after delivery

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Treat iodine deficiency cases with iodide with or without levothyroxine
• Plan for sugery for pregnant women with large goiters after delivery

• Education on good nutrition for women and importance of antenatal care when pregnant

• Education on need for early Antenatal clinic registration
• Education of pregnant women and their family members on the need for facility delivery attended by a skilled birth attendant Refer all pregnant women to next level for antenatal care registration
• Monitor blood pressure, urine protein and haemoglobin of pregnant women during home visits
• Monitor pregnant women to ensure compliance with antenatal advice and antenatal medications Provide pregnant women with Insecticide Treated nets and monitor use Perform an obstetric examination with auscultation of fetal heart sounds for pregnant women from 24 weeks and above
• Examine women who deliver in community to ensure that blood pressure is normal and that delivery was not associated with excessive bleeding or any other obstetric complication
• Monitor postnatal women in community during home visits to identify early signs of postnatal complications
• Provide appropriate community based postpartum family planning services

• Refer pregnant women with abnormal findings during home visit examination to next level for assessment and further management Administer sublingual Nifedipine to pregnant women with diastolic blood pressure above 90mmHg before referral to next level
• Refer women who deliver in community with suspected obstetric complications to next level for assessment and management
• Refer postnatal women with suspected postnatal complications to next level for assessment and management

• Follow up women who developed obstetric complications after they have been discharged home to ensure compliance with medication and advice from hospital

• Education on good nutrition for women and importance of antenatal care when pregnant

• Provide antenatal services for all pregnant women
• Ensure that antenatal clients receive all the required services for their gestational age at each visit
• Provide postpartum family planning services

• Refer pregnant women with current or previous obstetric complications to hospital for assessment and further management
• Refer women with medical conditions complicating pregnancy to hospital for assessment and management
• Provide Basic Emergency Obstetric Care services for women with obstetric complications
• Refer women who do not respond to Basic Emergency Obstetric Care interventions to hospital for further management
• Refer women who have been in active labour for 12 or more hours to hospital for further management

• Provide antenatal services for all pregnant women
• Ensure that antenatal clients receive all the required services for their gestational age at each visit
• Provide postpartum family planning services

• Provide Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care services for women with obstetric complications
• Provide blood transfusion, Caesarean section and laparotomy services

• Provide antenatal services for all pregnant women
• Ensure that antenatal clients receive all the required services for their gestational age at each visit
• Provide postpartum family planning services

• Provide blood transfusion,
• Caesarean section
• laparotomy services
• Provide Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care services for women with obstetric complications

• Educate mothers/fathers and caregivers on signs and symptoms of neonatal infection using job aides
• Educate mothers/fathers and community on importance of facility delivery, exclusive breastfeeding good hygienic practices, care of the umbilical cord and avoidance of harmful traditional birth practices

• Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding of neonates
• Appropriate cord care
• Emphasis on the need for early referral to health facility for every sick young infant

• Recognition of Neonatal sepsis signs and symptoms

• Early Referral to the next level for neonates suspected with neonatal sepsis
• Keeping baby warm all times including on the way to hospital

• Psychological support from the community to parents of babies with birth-related complications

• Educate mothers/fathers and caregivers on signs and symptoms of neonatal infection using job aides
• Educate mothers/fathers and community on importance of facility delivery, exclusive breastfeeding good hygienic practices, care of the umbilical cord and avoidance of harmful traditional birth practices

• Clean delivery practices and handwashing during delivery
• Appropriate cord care

• Clean cord with chlorhexidine antiseptics
• Refer to hospital if neonate is not improving

• Psychological support to parents of babies with birth-related complications

• Education of mothers and other care givers about signs and symptoms of neonatal infection
• Education of mothers on improtance of exclusive breastfeeding
• Education of mothers and other care givers and good hygienic practices
• Education of mothers and other care givers on umbilical cord care

• Clean delivery practices and handwashing during delivery
• Appropriate cord care

• History
• Physical examination
• Complete blood count
• Blood culture
• CSF analysis
• Chest radiography

• Antibiotics
• IV hydration
• Oxygen support
• Appropriate feeding including breast feeding
• Blood products transfusion
• Vasopressor agents

• Physical therapy for children with neurological complications

• Psychological support to parents of babies with birth-related complications

• Education of mothers and other care givers about signs and symptoms of neonatal infection
• Education of mothers on improtance of exclusive breastfeeding
• Education of mothers and other care givers and good hygienic practices
• Education of mothers and other care givers on umbilical cord care

• Start neonates with foul smelling amniotic fluid at birth with antibiotics for anaerobic infections (Clindamycin or Metronidazole)
• Full blood count, Blood urine and CSF cultures for all neonates with suspicion of sepsis  
• Refer neonates with suspicion of sepsis to next level if facilities for full investigations are not available 

• History
• Physical examination
• Complete blood count
• Blood culture
• CSF analysis
• Chest radiography
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Start treatment with ampicillin or penicillin G plus an aminoglycoside Add Cefotaxime if meningitis is suspected
• Treat with appropriate antibiotics based on culture resultsLaboratory services that include but are not limited to Blood
• Nutritional support.
• Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding.
• Neonatal High dependency unit services
• Neonatal ICU services

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Education of pregnant women on importance of early registration for antenatal care
• Education of pregnant women on signs and symptoms of labor
• Education of pregnant women on what to do when signs and symptoms of labor occur
• Education on Kangaroo mother care and Kangaroo Father care

• Education of pregnant women on dangers of alcohol, smoking and use of recreational drugs during pregnancy
• Referral of pregnant women to next level for early dating of pregnancy
• Education of pregnant women and their families on birth preparation and complication readiness
• Urgent Referral of pregnant women with signs of premature labour to a health facilty for management

• Examination of all babies delivered in the community for signs of prematurity, especially when gestational age is unknown
• Referral of babies delivered preterm and those suspected to be preterm to next level for assessment and management

• Follow up of babies delivered preterm who have been discharged home for monitoring of neurodevelopmental milestones
• Education of mothers on care of preterm neonates including Kangaroo Mother Care

• Psychosocial support of mothers with premature births and their families
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Education of pregnant women on signs and symptoms of labor
• Education of pregnant women on what to do when signs and symptoms of labor occur
• Provision of antenatal care for all pregnant women with screening for pre-eclampsia and other risk factors for preterm labor

• Education of pregnant women on dangers of alcohol, smoking and use of recreational drugs during pregnancy
• Education of pregnant women and their families on birth preparation and complication readiness
• Early establishment of gestational age in all pregnancies to hospital for further management
• Referral of women in early stages of preterm labor to hospital for management and delivery

• Referral of all preterm deliveries to hospital for further management
• Early drying of all babies with extra coverings for preterm babies to prevent hypothermia

• Follow up of babies delivered preterm who have been discharged home for monitoring of neuro developmental milestones
• Education of mothers on care of preterm neonates including Kangaroo Mother Care

• Psychosocial support of mothers with premature births and their families
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Health education to communities and to mothers on preterm birth complications including prevention measures
• Education of pregnant women on signs and symptoms of labor
• Education of pregnant women on what to do when signs and symptoms of labor occur
• Provision of antenatal care for all pregnant women with screening for pre-eclampsia and other risk factors for preterm labor
• Education on Kangaroo mother care and Kangaroo Father care

• Clinical and physical examination
• Administration of tocolytic agents to women 34 weeks or less in early preterm labour
• Administration of corticosteroids to women in preterm labour who are 34 weeks or less
• Have a neonatologist or a doctor with experience in neonatal care present to handle neonatal resuscitation during all preterm deliveries
• Nutritional support for premature babies
• High dependency unit services for premature babies
• Neonatal ICU services for premature babies
• Transfer all preterm babies to neonatal intensive care unit after delivery for assessment

• Physical and Clinical examinations
• Assessment and follow up of preterm neonates for complications of prematurity
• Appropriate treatment of any detected complications of prematurity Intravenous or gavage feeding of preterm neonates born before 34 weeks
• Gradual transition of preterm neonates from intravenous or gavage feeding to breastfeeding
• Education of mothers on care of preterm neonates including Kangaroo Mother Care
• Use of Kangaroo Mother Care especially in hospitals without neonatal intensive care facilities and during period of observation before discharge

• Follow up of babies delivered preterm who have been discharged home for monitoring of neuro developmental milestones

• Psychosocial support of mothers with premature births and their families
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Health education to communities and to mothers on preterm birth complications including prevention measures
• Education of pregnant women on signs and symptoms of labor
• Education of pregnant women on what to do when signs and symptoms of labor occur
• Provision of antenatal care for all pregnant women with screening for pre-eclampsia and other risk factors for preterm labor
• Education on Kangaroo mother care and Kangaroo Father care

• Clinical and physical examination
• Administration of tocolytic agents to women 34 weeks or less in early preterm labour
• Administration of corticosteroids to women in preterm labour who are 34 weeks or less
• Neonatal resuscitation for preterm deliveries by a qualified personeel (neonatologist)
• Nutritional support for premature babies
• High dependency unit services for premature babies
• Neonatal ICU services for premature babies
• Transfer all preterm babies to neonatal intensive care unit after delivery for assessment

• Physical and Clinical examination
• Assessment and follow up of preterm neonates for complications of prematurity
• Appropriate treatment of any detected complications of prematurity * Intravenous or gavage feeding of preterm neonates born before 34 weeks
• Gradual transition of preterm neonates from intravenous or gavage feeding to breastfeeding
• Education of mothers on care of preterm neonates  including Kangaroo Mother Care
• Use of Kangaroo Mother Care especially in hospitals without neonatal intensive care facilities and during period of observation before discharge

• Follow up of babies delivered preterm who have been discharged home for monitoring of neuro developmental milestones

• Psychosocial support of mothers with premature births and their families
• Counselling
• Spiritual support

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Examine children during home visits for signs of Vitamin A deficiency and advise parents accordingly
• Education of proprietors of pre-school facilities on adding provision of one healthy meal to children in their facilities Vitamin A supplementation for children under 5

• Recognition of symptoms that may be indicative of vitamin A defficeincy eg Dry and rough skin.; Eye inflammation affecting the eyelids, surrounding tissues, and even eyes
• Guidance to mother on eating viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables.
• Vitamin A supplemnts
• Refer children with suspected Vitamin A deficiency next level for further assessment and management
• Follow up cases of Vitamin A deficiency being managed at home to ensure compliance with treatment and advice
• Vitamin A treatment for children and infants with complicated measles

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Physical and clinical assessmnet
• Guidance to mother on viatmin A rich foods eg eg, liver, beef, oily fish, chicken, eggs, fortified milk, carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes and leafy green vegetables.
• Treat Vitamin A deficiency with Vitamin A supplemnts
• Treating underlying causes /conditions
• Referrals to hospital
• Follow up

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Education of pregnant women on infant and child feeding

• Exclusive breastfeeding

• Educate pregnant women with skin moles on need to monitor change in size and colour of mole during pregnancy

• Refer pregnant women with changes in skin moles to hospital for assessment

• Home based follow up of treated people for monitoring of recurrence

• Refer pregnant women with changes in colour or size of skin moles to hospital for assessment

• Home based follow up of treated people for monitoring of recurrence

• Surgical excision
• Adjuvant therapy after delivery

• Surgical excision
• Adjuvant therapy after delivery

• Encourage exclusive breastfeeding in first 6 months and breastfeeding for a minimum of 1

• Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle
• Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment

• Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles

• Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centers

• Institute Specialist teams to offer a combination of Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy depending on the stage of the condition
• Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ (DCIS) – Surgery and Radiotherapy

• Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices
• Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centers

• Physical and clinical examination
• supportive managemnet including:
• pain relieve
• Nutritionla support
• Admission where necessary
• managemnet of opportunitsic infections
• Management of any underlying conditions
• Monitoring and managemnet of any complications
• Blood transfusions if indicated
• Oxygen therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Surgical interventions
• Radiotherapy
• Hormonal therapy
• INtensive care unit services
• Follow up invclidng counselling for compliance with treatmnent
• INVESTIGATIONS /diagnostics
• Mamograms
• Blood tests
• Biopsy
• Other tests eg to check for metastasis
• x-rays eg chest r-ray
• CT scan
• MRI
• Ultra-sound
• PET scan
• Mammmography
• Gene testing -BRCA testing for women with high risk of breast cancer

• • • psychosocial support for atient and family
• Spiritual support
• Counsellng services

• Encourage exclusive breastfeeding in first 6 months and breastfeeding for a minimum of 1 year

• Social Marketing campaigns instituted towards generating empathy and promotion social inclusion of those who have completed a treatment cycle
• Promotion of manufacturing of prosthetics, post-Surgical treatment

• Set up publicly owned-and-run hospices
• Promote private sector participation in setting up hospices and palliative care centres

• Provision of Clinical Psychology services as part of Primary Care for clients who have completed treatment cycles

• Set up publicly run hospices to collaborate with Primary Care Centers

• Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy)
• Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done
• Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations

• Stage I – Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy)
• Stages II and III – Pelvic Radiation and Chemotherapy Surgery (Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-OOphrectomy and Pelvic and Para-aortic lymphadenectomy) may also be done
• Stage IV – Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy may be used in various combinations

• Community mobilization and engagement in malaria prevention and control activities
• Mass media on malaria prevention measures

• Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)
• Indoor residual spraying (IRS)
• Larvicidal activities
• Environmental management
• Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC)

• Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms
• Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)

• Oral antimalarial treatment
• Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository
• Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment

• Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC)
• Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC)
• RTS, S Malaria vaccine
• Early identification and treatment of malaria
• Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases

• History
• Physical examination
• Microscopy
• Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)

• Oral antimalaria treatment
• Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria
• Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository
• Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment

• Early identification and treatment of malaria
• Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases

• History
• Physical examination
• Microscopy
• Full blood count
• Renal function tests
• Liver function tests
• Blood grouping and cross-match

• Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria
• IV Glucose
• IV anticonvulsants
• Blood and blood product transfusion
• Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment

• Early identification and treatment of malaria
• Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases

• History
• Physical examination
• Microscopy
• PCR-based tests
• Full blood count
• Renal function tests
• Liver function tests
• Blood grouping and cross-match

• Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria
• IV Glucose
• IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion
• Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury
• Intensive care unit for cerebral malaria

• IEC on African trypanosomiasis to all age cohorts

• The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly.

• Primary prevention emasures *

• Fly control measures

• clear bushes.

• Use insect repellent,

• vector control using a multisectoral appraoch

• use of Protective clothings: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants of medium-weight material in neutral colors that blend with the background environment. (Tsetse flies are attracted to bright or dark colors, and they can bite through lightweight clothing).

• Inspection of places before entry eg cars --since the flies are attracted to bright lights eg car lights

• The use of trypanotolerant breeds for livestock farming should be considered if the disease is widespread.

• Fly control is another option but is difficult to implement.

• screening -The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis T. b. gambiense (CATT) is a serologic screening test used for population screening

• Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage.

• • Physical and clinical examinaton
• Direct observation of tredatrmnet offered at the hospital level (for outpatient referred back to primary facilities for obsaervation)
• Monitor any complicdations including adverse drugs reaction and refer
• Referal to a hospital for a patient suspected to have african trypanasomiasis

• • Physical and clinical examinaton
• *Experienced staff to conduct clinical assessment For T.b. gambiense **
• Treatment under direct observation either through outpatient or as inpatients
• Admission/inpatient services
• Treatmnet with relevant medication first-line treatment or second line treatmnet aas indicated
• Management of relapses
• Mananagement of nay complications eg reduce the risk of encephalopathy
• Management of any adverse drug effects- eg Encephalopathy gastrointestinal and skin reactions, pyrexia, and peripheral neuropathy.
• Diagnostic tests
• Microscopy of fresh blood chancre fluid or lymph node aspirate
• Microscopy of celebral spinal fluid (CSF) (wet preparation)

• Hygiene
• IEC for all age cohorts
• Schistosomiasis,

• It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Vector control

• Treatment

• Praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight

• IEC for all age cohorts

• schistosomiasis,
• Hygiene

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ)
• Preventive chemotherapy with Praziquantel (PZQ) for 12 -14-year olds and for those above, only for persons at risk whicjh may include groups with occupations involving contact with infested water, such as fishermen, farmers, irrigation workers, or women in their domestic tasks, to entire communities living in endemic areas
• Vector control

• It is recommended that pre-school children should be treated for schistosomiasis within child-health services where their weight is monitored, they are immunized, dewormed and given micronutrient supplements.

• Microscopic examination of stool and urine samples for parasites Treatment
• Praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight

• Diagnosis

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year)
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Treatment
  - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective.

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Diagnosis  
  - Ultrasonography imaging is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans.
• Treatment  
  - Both albendazole 10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day (max 800 mg orally in two doses) and, as a second choice for treatment, mebendazole 40-50 mg/kg body weight per day continuously for several months have been highly effective  
  - Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with the PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs.
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection.
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year)
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Improved water sanitation and hygiene in the community

• Hygiene in the slaughtering of livestock (including the proper destruction of infected offal)

• Public education campaigns on prevention
  - Limit the areas where dogs are allowed
  - Prevent animals from consuming meat infected with cysts
  - Do not allow dogs to feed on rodents and other wild animals
  - Avoid contact with wild animals such as foxes, coyotes and stray dogs
  - Do not encourage wild animals to come close to your home or keep them as pets
  - Prevent dogs from feeding on the carcasses of infected sheep
  - Control stray dog populations
  - Restrict home slaughter of sheep and other livestock
  - Do not consume any food or water that may have been contaminated by fecal matter from dogs.
  - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food
  - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection.
  - Periodic deworming of domestic carnivores (dogs etc.) with praziquantel (at least 4 times per year)
  - Vaccination of sheep with an E. granulosus recombinant antigen (EG95)
• A programme

• Health education
  - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers
  - Cooking pork and beef well
  - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces.
• Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices

• Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis
• Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects
• Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures

• Health education
  - Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers
  - Cooking pork and beef well
  - Avoid foods that might be contaminated by human faeces.
• Food handlers should be educated in good handwashing practices

• Anthelminthic therapy using albendazole (conventional dosage 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 15 days) may be superior to praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day for 15 days) for the treatment of neurocysticercosis
• Co-administration of corticosteroids that cross the blood brain barrier (e.g. dexamethasone) is used to mitigate these effects
• Treatment of edema, intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus, which may include ventricular shunt or other neurosurgical procedures

• Create awareness on Asthma including prevention measures
• Create awareness on the possible triggers/possible risk factors of asthma and how to avoid them
• Provide IEC materials on Asthma
• Multi sectoral approach to ensure clean environments
• Community Health workers training on Asthma including prevention measures

• Guidance on Avoidance of asthma triggers including:
• indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander)
• Outdoor allergens(such as pollens and moulds)
• Avoidance of tobacco smoking/cessation of smoking
• Avoidance of exposure to second hand smoke
• Avoidance of other triggers such as cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise.
• Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
• Avoidance of Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing
• Having an elaborate plan for living with asthma and preventing asthma attacks
• Taking medication as per prescription to prevent attack
• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia as flu and pneumonia can trigger flare ups
• Weight control through proper diet and exercise
• community level Surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, and monitoring trends

• Recognition of symptoms including Shortness of breath, Chest tightness or chest pain, Wheezing when breathing out,Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath,coughing or wheezing
• Seek emergency treatment–referral to a health facility
• Use quick relief inhaler asthma patients (as prescribed)
• Steam inhalation
• Guidance on use of medication as prescribed
• Guidance to patient on how to Monitor their breathing and how to recognize warning signs of an impending attack, such as slight coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath.
• Recognition of signs that asthma is probably worsening including, more frequent attacks, rapid worsening of difficulty in breathing or wheezing; shortness of breath when one is doing minimal physical activity

• Create awareness on Asthma including prevention measures
• Create awareness on the possible triggers of asthma and how to avoid them
• Provide IEC materials on Asthma
• Health workers training on Asthma including prevention and management measures

• Guidance on Avoidance of asthma triggers including:

• indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander)

• Outdoor allergens(such as pollens and moulds)

• Avoidance of tobacco smoking/cessation of smoking

• Avoidance of exposure to second hand smoke

• Avoidance of other triggers such as cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise.

• Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

• Avoidance of Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

• Weight control through proper diet and exercise

• Having an elaborate plan for living with asthma and preventing asthma attacks

• Taking medication as per prescription to prevent attack

• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia as flu and pneumonia can trigger flare ups

• Effective Surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, and monitoring trends

• physical and clinical examination
• Advice and guidance to the patient on recognition of asthma triggers, and how to avoid them
• Use of medications
• Quick-relief (rescue) medications for rapid, short-term symptom relief during an asthma attack. /inhalers
• Use Allergy medications
• Treatment of aggravating factors such as lower and upper respiratory tract infections
• Monitoring for any complications
• Referral to a hospital for further management of pregnant women with asthma including any complications

• Create awareness on Asthma including prevention measures
• Create awareness on the possible triggers of asthma and how to avoid them
• Provide IEC materials on Asthma
• Health workers training on Asthma including prevention and management measures

• Guidance on Avoidance of asthma triggers including:
• • indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander)
• • Outdoor allergens(such as pollens and moulds)
• Avoidance of tobacco smoking/cessation of smoking
• Avoidance of exposure to second hand smoke
• Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
• Avoidance of Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing
• Avoidance of other triggers such as cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise.
• Guidance on Weight control through proper diet and exercise
• Guidance to patient to develop an elaborate plan for living with asthma and preventing asthma attacks
• Taking medication as per prescription to prevent attack
• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia as flu and pneumonia can trigger flare ups
• Surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, and monitoring trends

• physical and clinical examination
• **Diagnostic tests including **
• Measure of lung function (Spirometry, Peak flow.)
• Methacholine challenge.
• Allergy testing. Either through a skin test or blood test
• Nitric oxide test to measure the amount of nitric oxide gas in the breath
• Sputum eosinophils *Provocative testing for exercise and cold-induced asthma *Imaging tests- chest x ray]
• Advice and guidance to the patient on recognition of asthma triggers and how to avoid them
• Use of medications -bronchodilator
• Quick-relief (rescue) medications for rapid, short-term symptom relief during an asthma attack. /inhalers
• Use Allergy medications
• Treatment of aggravating factors such as lower and upper respiratory tract infections
• Monitoring for and management of any complications
• Regular follow up

• Create awareness on Asthma including prevention measures
• Create awareness on the possible triggers of asthma and how to avoid them
• Provide IEC materials on Asthma
• Health workers training on Asthma including prevention and management measures

• Guidance on Avoidance of asthma triggers including:
• indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander)
• Outdoor allergens(such as pollens and moulds)
• Avoidance of tobacco smoking/cessation of smoking
• Avoidance of exposure to second hand smoke
• Avoidance of other triggers such as cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, and physical exercise.
• Avoidance of exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
• Avoidance of Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing
• Guidance to aptients on an elaborate plan for living with asthma and preventing asthma attacks
• Guidance on use of the medication as per prescription to prevent attack
• Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia as flu and pneumonia can trigger flare ups
• Guidance on Weight control through proper diet and exercise
• Effective Surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, and monitoring trends

• physical and clinical examination
• **Diagnostic tests including **

• Measure of lung function (Spirometry, Peak flow.)
• Methacholine challenge.
• Imaging tests- chest x ray]
• Allergy testing. Either through a skin test or blood test
• Nitric oxide test to measure the amount of nitric oxide gas in the breath
• Sputum eosinophils
• Provocative testing for exercise and cold-induced asthma

• Advice and guidance to the patient on recognition of asthma triggers and how to avoid them
• Use of medications -bronchodilator
• Quick-relief (rescue) medications for rapid, short-term symptom relief during an asthma attack. /inhalers
• Use Allergy medications
• Treatment of aggravating factors such as lower and upper respiratory tract infections
• Monitoring for and management of any complications
• Regular follow up

• Awareness creation to communities on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Distribution of IEC materials on eating disorders
• Community health workers education on eating disorders, including prevention measures

• Early identification and referral for treatment of mothers with eating disorder
• Education to mothers on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to mothers on health exercises
• Guidance to mothers on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating

• Early Recognition of signs indicative of eating disorder such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating,This may be coupled with weakness, fatigue, weight loss, growth failure
• Recognition of signs of any concurrent mental ailments as indicated by signs such as nervousness, withdrawal, trouble sleeping
• Encourage school Age children to eat healthy diets/Guidance on Diet/Nutrition counseling
• Encourage school age children with eating disorders to do healthy exercises e.g. exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises
• Referral to a health facility for school age children with eating disorder and any associated ailments for further management

• Family & Community social support systems where people can share their feelings

• Awareness creation to mothers, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Education to health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management

• Early identification and management of eating disorder among mothers
• Education/guidance to mothers on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to mothers on healthy exercises
• Guidance to mother on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating

• Early detection and management of eating disorders
• Assessment mental and social well being
• Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling
• Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation/reducing excessive exercises
• Recognition of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders.
• Monitoring: and recognition of any complications related to eating disorders in women such as infertility, threat of miscarriage
• Monitoring and recognition of other complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Referral of mothers with severe eating disorders and any associated complications to a hospital for further management

• Counselling services for mothers with eating disorder and their families
• Linkage of mothers with eating disorders to Self-help/support groups

• Awareness creation to mothers, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Education to health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management

• Early identification and treatment of eating disorder among mothers
• Guidance to mother on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating
• Education/guidance to mothers on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to mothers on healthy exercises

• Early detection and treatment of eating disorders
• Assessment mental and social well being
• Multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers,
• Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation /reducing excessive exercises
• Psychological interventions
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the patient control their thoughts
• Behavioral therapy focusing on assisting patient to gain control and change unwanted behaviors
• Medications
• Management of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders.
• Monitoring: prevention and management of complications related to eating disorders in women such as infertility, threat of miscarriage
• Monitoring and management of other complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Hospitalization for more serious cases.
• Follow up

• Counselling services for mothers with eating disorder
• Family therapy
• Linkage of mothers with eating disorders to Self-help/support groups

• Awareness creation to mothers, families on eating disorders and how to prevent them
• Education to health workers on eating disorders, prevention measures and management

• Early identification and treatment of eating disorder among mothers
• Guidance to mother on healthy balanced diets/healthy eating
• Education/guidance to mothers on effective ways of coping with emotions
• Education and guidance to mothers on healthy exercises

• Early detection and treatment of eating disorders
• Assessment mental and social well being
• Multi-disciplinary treatment approach involving psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dieticians or nutritional advisers, social workers,
• Diet education and advice/Nutrition counseling
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Advisory on exercises/exercise moderation /reducing excessive exercises
• Psychological interventions
• Cognitive behavioral therapy to help the patient control their thoughts
• Behavioral therapy focusing on assisting patient to gain control and change unwanted behaviors
• Medications
• Management of any concurrent mental ailments like depression and anxiety disorders.
• Monitoring: prevention and management of complications related to eating disorders in women such as infertility, threat of miscarriage
• Monitoring and management of other complications associated with eating disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Hospitalization for more serious cases.
• Follow up

• Counselling services for mothers with eating disorder
• Family therapy
• Linkage of mothers with eating disorders to Self-help/support groups

• Create awareness on oral health including periodontal disease to the communities
• Increase knowledge and practices among the public through community programmes
• Fully integrating oral health into community health programmes.
• Community Health workers training on periodontal disease including prevention measures

• Daily oral hygiene measures to prevent periodontal disease including brushing properly on a regular basis (at least twice daily), Flossing daily
• Using an antiseptic mouthwash: Chlorhexidine gluconate-based mouthwash
• Adoption of healthy lifestyles such as no smoking or cessation of smoking, use of healthy balanced diets
• Regular dental check-ups
• Community level screening for periodontal disease

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of periodontal disease such as bleeding gums, drifted or loose teeth or a complaint of bad breath,
• Good oral hygiene/oral hygiene instructions including brushing and flossing
• Guidance on healthy diet/good nutrition
• Use of antiseptic mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Relieve of symptoms such as pain with pan killers such as paracetamol
• Referral to a health facility for management of pregnant women with periodontal disease

• Education to pregnant women on periodontal disease including prevention measures
• Information to pregnant women on the increased risk of developing pregnancy gingivitis and its prevention measures
• Health workers training on periodontal disease, prevention and management

• Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing; flossing
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including on the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation.
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Encourage patients to modify other lifestyle factors that may impact on their oral health.
• Dental prophylaxis during pregnancy
• Screening pregnant women for periodontal disease at every routine examination.

• History and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth
• Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice
• Guidance to patient on their role in improving periodontal health.
• Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behavior change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support)
• Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal.
• Antimicrobial Medication, Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials
• Use of analgesics where there is pain
• Referral of pregnant women with periodontal disease to a hospital for further management including management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes /cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease

• Education to pregnant women on periodontal disease including prevention measures
• Information to pregnant women on the increased risk of developing pregnancy gingivitis and its prevention measures
• Health workers training on periodontal disease; prevention and management

• Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including on the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation
• Early treatment/management of predisposing conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Encourage patients to modify other lifestyle factors that may impact on their oral health.
• Dental prophylaxis during pregnancy
• Screening pregnant women for periodontal disease at every routine examination.

• Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth
• Diagnostics including; * Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession * Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession * Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs & or panoramic radiographs
• Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice
• Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support)
• Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation
• Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal.
• Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances
• Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials
• Use of analgesics where there is pain
• Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss
• Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes/cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease
• Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check ups after successful periodontal treatment

• Education to pregnant women on periodontal disease including prevention measures
• Information to pregnant women on the increased risk of developing pregnancy gingivitis and its prevention measures
• Health workers training on periodontal disease; prevention and management

• Guidance on good oral hygiene practices including brushing, flossing
• Guidance on avoidance of factors that predispose to periodontal disease including on the effect of smoking on their oral health and general health and assist them on smoking cessation
• Early treatment/management of predisposing conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease as a preventive measure
• Advice/guidance on control of diabetes as Poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
• Information and guidance to patient on the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet to their oral health including prevention of periodontal disease
• Encourage patients to modify other lifestyle factors that may impact on their oral health.
• Dental prophylaxis during pregnancy
• Screening pregnant women for periodontal disease at every routine examination.

• Physical, clinical and full periodontal assessment involving charting of recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing and mobility for every tooth
• Diagnostics including;
  • Study models for diagnostics especially of gingival recession
  • Use of clinical photographs calibrated by inclusion of a probe to monitor gingival recession
  • Use of Radiographs (x-rays) to determine the extent of periodontal disease and for treatment planning. These include periapical radiographs & or panoramic radiographs
• Treatment planning and Patient education on the treatment choice
• Oral Hygiene instructions modelled on patient behaviour change strategies (TIPPS-talk, instruct, practice, plan, support)
• Use of mouth washes as a temporary primary oral hygiene measure
• Removal of plaque and calculus including supragingival debridement and root surface instrumentation
• Ensure that the patient is motivated to achieve and maintain effective plaque removal.
• Management of Local Plaque-retentive Factors e.g. crowded teeth, partial dentures, bridgework, orthodontic appliances
• Antimicrobial Medication; Local antimicrobials, including disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and systemic antimicrobials
• Use of analgesics where there is pain
• Advanced treatment through periodontal surgery to prevent more bone loss
• Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes/cardiovascular disease that predisposes to periodontal disease
• Supportive periodontal therapy-long term program of Follow up and check ups after successful periodontal treatment

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

• Improvement in community Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

• Creation of awareness on otitis media including prevention measures
• Distribution of IEC materials
• Community health workers training on otitis media prevention measures and management

• Control allergies in pregnant women through reduced exposure to allergens
• Prevent colds Reduce exposure to colds
• Elimination/stoppage of tobacco smoking/avoidance of second-hand smoking
• Hand hygiene for the pregnant women
• Proper/healthy nutrition for the pregnant women
• Seek early treatment for any infections

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of otitis media such as ear ache, pressure in the ear, nausea, fever, headache, temporary hearing loss and buzzing in the ear.
• Relieve pain with analgesics such as ibuprofen or home remedies such as pressing warm water bottle or a hot bag of salt against the ear.
• Relieve fever -use of paracetamol or sponging
• Proper nutrition
• Vitamin C to boost and reinforce immune mechanism.
• Zinc supplements to reduce recurrent ear infections.
• Referral to a health facility for further management

• Guidance to pregnant women to avoid anything that could harm fetal development such as;
• alcohol drinking -Guide them on stoppage
• Use recreational drugs
• Smoke cigarettes.

• Provide information and Awareness creation on Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures
• Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.
• Multi-sectoral approach to reduce incidences of trauma e.g. reducing the road traffic accidents
• Distribution of IEC materials on Epilepsy
• Multi sectoral approach in promotion of access to opportunities such as educational,occupations to epileptics
• Promote public private partnership to improve care and reduce the disease impact
• Integration of epilepsy care in community health systems
• Community Health workers education on epilepsy, including signs and symptoms, prevention measures, its management at community level

• Preventing head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy.
• ANC attendance for adequate and promoting health facilities deliveries to reduce possibility new cases of epilepsy caused by birth injury.
• Prevention of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases to reduce stroke related epilepsy. Such factors include
• Exercises and healthy diets as Measures to control obesity and diabetes, high blood pressure
• Avoidance of tobacco use
• Avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption
• Prevention and seeking treatment early for infections such as malaria e.g. through elimination of parasites
• Education on prevention of infections
• Prevention of falls, drownings, burns

• Early recognition of signs of epilepsy such as recurrent seizures, (brief episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized) and are sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness and control of bowel or bladder function.
• Relieve of any pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures through use of pain medications
• First aid on any other complication due to seizures eg burns
• Psychosocial support for patients with anxiety and/depression. Due to epilepsy
• Referral to a health facility for management

• Promote access to occupational opportunities/education

• Psychosocial support for the patient and their families
• Societal education to reduce discrimination and social stigma

• Education and awareness creation/information to mothers/families on migraine headache, prevention measures
• Community Health worker training on migraine, prevention, recognition and management at the community level

• Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including,
• irregular or skipped meals;
• irregular or too little sleep
• a stressful lifestyle;
• excessive caffeine consumption
• lack of exercise;
• obesity
• Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including.
• self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
• managing migraine triggers effectively
• pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• practicing relaxation techniques
• maintaining good sleep hygiene
• developing stress management skills
• improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others

• Recognition of features suggestive of migraine in pregnant women such as both sided severe headache, with nausea and that interferes with normal activities
• Supportive therapy to pregnant women with migraine including;
• advice on adequate rest
• adequate sleep
• Hydration
• Avoiding skipping meals
• Reducing caffeine intake
• Sleep hygiene—(Avoid bright lights, enough sleep)
• Regular exercise
• Relaxation therapy/massage
• Relieve headache using paracetamol
• Referral to a health facility for further management of pregnant woman with worsening migraine headache

• Relaxation therapy e.g massage therapy to relive migraine

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including;
• irregular or skipped meals
• irregular or too little sleep
• a stressful lifestyle
• excessive caffeine consumption
• lack of exercise
• obesity
• Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
• self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
• managing migraine triggers effectively
• pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• practicing relaxation techniques
• maintaining good sleep hygiene
• developing stress management skills
• improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others

• physical and neurologic examination to help make a diagnosis
• Non-pharmacological (Non -drug) measures/management of migraine in pregnant women including;
• Hydration
• advice on regular meals
• Reducing caffeine intake
• Sleep hygiene— (Avoid bright lights, enough sleep), Regular exercise, Relaxation therapy,
• Pharmacological/drug management of migraine in pregnant women with first line analgesisc such as paracetamol
• use of anti-emetics if there is history of vomiting
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Monitor for any features of migraine headaches due to underlying conditions such as e.g. due to pre-eclampsia
• Follow up and support to patients to ensure optimum treatment is achieved
• Referral of the pregnant women to hospital for Management of any underlying conditions that may be causing migraine e.g. pre-eclampsia

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Education and to mothers/families on migraine headache, prevention measures
• Health worker training on migraine, prevention, recognition and management

• Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including
• irregular or skipped meals
• irregular or too little sleep
• a stressful lifestyle
• excessive caffeine consumption
• lack of exercise
• obesity
• Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
• self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
• managing migraine triggers effectively
• pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• practicing relaxation techniques
• maintaining good sleep hygiene
• developing stress management skills
• improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others
• Using acute and prophylactic medication appropriately

• History, and physical and neurologic examination to help make a diagnosis
• Non-pharmacological (Non -drug) measures /management of migraine in pregnant women including ;
• Hydration
• regular meals
• advice on Reduction of caffeine intake
• Sleep hygiene —(Avoid bright lights, enough sleep)
• Regular exercise
• Relaxation therapy,
• Pharmacological/drug management of migraine in pregnant women with first line analgesisc such as;
• paracetamol
• use of anti-emetics if there is history of vomiting
• Migraine prophylaxis
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Monitor and manage any secondary causes of headaches in pregnant women such as pre-eclampsia and cerebral venous thrombosis, sub arachnoid haemorrhage, space occupying lesions
• Provide alternatives to Hormonal contraception for women who may experience onset or aggravation of migraine after starting them.
• Follow up and support to patients to ensure optimum treatment is achieved

• Physiotherapy services as a way of relieving migraine

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Education and to mothers/families on migraine headache, prevention measures
• Health worker training on migraine, prevention, recognition and management

• Advice on lifestyle factors to avoid and specific migraine triggers to reduce the frequency of attacks including;
• irregular or skipped meals
• irregular or too little sleep
• a stressful lifestyle
• excessive caffeine consumption
• lack of exercise
• obesity
• Encourage patients to participate actively in their treatment and to employ self-management principles including;
• self-monitoring to identify factors influencing migraine
• managing migraine triggers effectively
• pacing activity to avoid triggering or exacerbating migraine
• maintaining a lifestyle that does not worsen migraine
• practicing relaxation techniques
• maintaining good sleep hygiene
• developing stress management skills
• improving communication skills to talk effectively about pain with family and others
• Using acute and prophylactic medication appropriately

• physical and neurologic examination to help make a diagnosis
• Non-pharmacological (Non -drug) measures /management of migraine in pregnant women including;
• Hydration
• regular meals
• advice on Reduction of caffeine intake
• Sleep hygiene —(Avoid bright lights, enough sleep)
• Regular exercise
• Relaxation therapy,
• Pharmacological/drug management of migraine in pregnant women with first line analgesisc such as;
• paracetamol
• use of anti-emetics if there is history of vomiting
• Migraine prophylaxis
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Provide alternatives to Hormonal contraception for women who may experience onset or aggravation of migraine after starting them.
• Monitor and manage any secondary causes of headaches in pregnant women such as pre-eclampsia and cerebral venous thrombosis, sub arachnoid haemorrhage, space occupying lesions
• Follow up and support to patients to ensure optimum treatment is achieved

• Physiotherapy services as a way of relieving migraine

• Counselling and patient education on use and adherence to the medication according to the prescription

• Education and awareness creation among mothers/families/communities on hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Public health education about proper hygiene
• Awareness creation on improving sanitation including proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection
• Provision of IEC materials on hook worm disease
• Multisectoral approach in addressing the risk factors of hook worm disease including improving sanitation, access to clean water and income status of communities
• Community health workers education on hookworm disease and prevention measures

• Guidance to mothers on preventive measures including
• Drinking safe water
• Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Using a barrier to prevent the skin surfaces from touching the soil eg use of gloves ; shoes while gardening
• Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with hookworm
• Proper human waste disposal-Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
• Treating pet dogs and cats for hookworm/deworming pets

• Recognition of signs of hookworm infestation including rash at the site of initial infection e.g. on the palm or soles, itchiness at the site, creeping eruptions on lower limbs or upper trunk (depending on site of entry of the larvae)
• Guidance to the patient on Improving nutrition to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron; Protein;)
• Symptomatic treatment e.g. relief of fever if present.
• Referral to a health facility for management of pregnant women with hookworm disease.

• Education and awareness creation among mothers on hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Public health education about proper hygiene
• Awareness creation on improving sanitation including proper waste disposal to reduce the risk of infection
• Provision of IEC materials on hook worm disease
• Multisectoral approach in addressing the risk factors of hook worm dieses including improving sanitation, access to clean water and income status of communities
• Health workers education on hookworm disease, prevention measures and management

• Advice to pregnant women on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice to pregnant women on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Guidance to pregnant women on practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance on proper human waste

• Physical and clinical examination.
• Diagnostic test—Examination of stool sample to identify hookworm eggs
• Nutrition Support/advice to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron; Protein;)
• Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole; albendazole) to pregnant women with hook worm disease
• Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin.
• Monitor for any worsening of hookworm disease including complications such as anemia
• Referral to a hospital for further management including management of complications

• Education and awareness creation to the mothers on hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Education about proper hygiene
• Education on proper waste disposal including faecal waste to reduce the risk of infection
• Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management

• Advice to pregnant women on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice to pregnant women on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance to pregnant women on practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Guidance on proper human waste

• Diagnosis based of the different clinical entities of hookworm disease i.e. Classic hookworm disease (gastrointestinal (GI) infection), Cutaneous larva migrans and Eosinophilic enteritis -
• Nutrition support/therapy to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron, Protein)
• Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole, albendazole) to pregnant women with hook worm disease
• Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin.
• Local cryotherapy to destroy the hookworms while still in the skin,
• Management of anemia and its complications (use of iron supplements, vitamin C. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements) Diagnostic tests
• Examination of a stool sample to identify hookworm eggs
• Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies
• Chest X-ray to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.

• Education and awareness creation to the mothers on hookworm disease including prevention measures
• Education about proper hygiene
• Education on proper waste disposal including faecal waste to reduce the risk of infection
• Health workers training on hookworm disease, prevention measures and its management

• Advice to pregnant women on use of safe Drinking water
• Advice to pregnant women on Properly cleaning and cooking food
• Advice on use of barrier to prevent the skin from getting in contact with the soil especially in areas that may have feaces in the soil e.g. use of shoes, gloves when gardening
• Guidance to pregnant women on practicing proper handwashing/hand hygiene
• Guidance on proper human waste

• Diagnosis based of the different clinical entities of hookworm disease i.e. Classic hookworm disease (gastrointestinal (GI) infection), Cutaneous larva migrans and Eosinophilic enteritis -
• Nutrition support/therapy to address any deficiency of nutrients due to the worms (e.g. Iron, Protein)
• Administration of anthelminthic drugs (e.g. mebendazole, albendazole) to pregnant women with hook worm disease
• Management of larvae in the skin (Topical administration of anthelminthic e.g. .Thiabendazole to destroy the larvae in the skin.
• Local cryotherapy to destroy the hookworms while still in the skin,
• Management of anemia and its complications (use of iron supplements, vitamin C. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements) Diagnostic tests
• Examination of a stool sample to identify hookworm eggs
• Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies
• Chest X-ray to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.

• Create awareness on respiratory tract infections including prevention measures (hand feeding, bottle feeding)
• Distribution of IEC materials on lower respiratory tract infections
• Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing
• Community mobilisation for routine immunisation especially for the pneumococcal vaccine

• Exclusive breastfeeding
• Adequate nutrition for mothers and children
• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Avoidance of smoking within the household
• Avoidance of secondary exposure to smoke
• Avoidance of biomass combustion (particularly indoor cooking fires) and
• Avoidance of air pollutants
• Immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations

• Recognition of LRTI signs and symptoms

• First-line antibiotic treatment
• Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Avoidance of smoking and secondary exposure to smoke
• Avoidance of air pollutants
• Full immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse Oximetry

• First-line antibiotic treatment
• Immediate transfer of unresponsive or sever cases to a higher-level health care facility

• Health education on LRTI prevention measures and early treatment

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Full immunizations, e.g Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse Oximetry
• Full blood count,
• Chest radiography

• Parenteral antibiotics
• Oxygen supplementation
• IV fluids

• Create awareness on respiratory tract infections including prevention measures
• Distribution of IEC materials on lower respiratory tract infections
• Advocacy for proper sanitation and good housing
• Health workers training on lower respiratory tract infections including prevention measures and management

• Good hygiene practices including hand washing
• Counselling and guidance on avoidance of smoking within the household and secondary exposure to smoke
• Full immunizations, e.g. Pneumococcal and pentavalent vaccinations

• History
• Physical examination
• Pulse Oximetry
• Full blood count
• Chest radiography

• Parenteral antibiotics
• Oxygen supplementation
• IV fluids
• ICU services for severe disease

• Education and awareness creation/information to communities on headaches including prevention measures
• Community Health worker training on headaches prevention, recognition and management at the community level

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers -such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Recognition of features indicative of non-migraine headache including, Mild to moderate, non-pulsating pain on both sides of the head, Pain that's not worsened by physical activity, one sided headache (headaches not accompanied by nausea or vomiting, as is often the case with migraine
• Drinking plenty of water
• Use of over the counter pain killers such as ibuprofen
• keeping a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms
• Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including;
• heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower
• massage
• meditation
• neck stretching
• relaxation exercises
• Identify warning features of serious headaches such as vomiting, blurred vision
• Referral to a health facility for management of serious headaches

• Provide information to on headaches their prevention measures and their treatment.
• Health workers training on the different types on non migraine head aches, their prevention and treatment measures

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• Drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers-such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Physical and clinical examination
• Diagnosis of headaches based on the history and clinical features
• Guidance to patient on keeping a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms
• Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen
• Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including;
• Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower
• massage
• Meditation
• Neck stretching
• Relaxation exercises
• Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke,
• Referral to a hospital for management of serious headaches or headaches due to other underlying conditions

• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers -such as caffeine
• Adherence to any medication as prescribes

• Physical and clinical examination
• Identify and distinguish the different types of non-migraine headaches based the clinical features including;
• For tensional headache, usually mild or moderate, more generalized and typically described as pressure or tightness
• For cluster headache, severe headache strictly unilateral around the eye red and watering eyes with running or blocked nostrils and marked agitation
• Medication over use headache-usually due to chronic use of medication mainly for migraine or tension headache (usually diagnosed if symptoms improve within 2 months of medicine withdrawal)
• Encourage patient to keep a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms
• Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen
• Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including;
• Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower
• Massage
• Meditation
• Neck stretching
• Relaxation exercises
• Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke,
• Management of any underlying conditions causing headaches
• Patients follow up

• Adherence to any medication as prescribes
• Advice to patient on monitoring the pattern of the headache/keeping a headache diary
• Guidance on avoidance of headache triggers -such as caffeine
• Guidance to patient on Practicing healthy behaviors Including;
• Getting plenty of sleep,
• Staying physically active,
• Eating healthy meals and snacks,
• drinking plenty of water daily,
• Management of stress.
• Practicing relaxation techniques

• Physical and clinical examination
• Identify and distinguish the different types of non-migraine headaches based the clinical features including;-
• For tensional headache, usually mild or moderate, more generalized and typically described as pressure or tightness
• For cluster headache, severe headache strictly unilateral around the eye red and watering eyes with running or blocked nostrils and marked agitation
• Medication over use headache-usually due to chronic use of medication mainly for migraine or tension headache (usually diagnosed if symptoms improve within 2 months of medicine withdrawal)
• Encourage patient to keep a headache diary to study the patterns of the headache and associated symptoms
• Medication -use of analgesics such as ibuprofen
• Guidance to patient on relaxation techniques including;
• Heat therapy, such as applying warm compresses or taking a warm shower
• Massage
• Meditation
• Neck stretching
• Relaxation exercises
• Identify warning features of serious headaches or headaches due to underlying conditions such as new headache in a patient with cancer, HIV, headache with motor weakness could indicate stroke,
• Management of any underlying conditions causing headaches
• Patients follow up

• Create awareness to the communities/families on peptic ulcer disease including prevention measure
• Provision of IEC materials on Peptic ulcers disease
• Community health workers training on peptic ulcers disease, its prevention and remedies at community level

• ANC attendance
• Cessation of smoking
• Stoppage/avoidance of alcohol to avoid increase in acid in the stomach
• Stress management
• Diet control—avoidance of spicy foods
• Hand hygiene to prevent infections
• Reduce intake of pain relivers or take medication with meals.

• Recognition of symptoms indicative of peptic ulcers including, burning stomach pain, bloating or belching, vomiting, weight loss or poor appetite.
• Cessation of tobacco smoking
• Stoppage of alcohol
• Stoppage of use of NSAIDs
• Taking fluids
• Proper nutrition
• Referral to a health facility

• Create awareness to the communities/families on peptic ulcer disease including prevention measure
• Provision of IEC materials on Peptic ulcers disease
• Community health workers training on peptic ulcers disease, its prevention and remedies at community level

• ANC attendance
• Cessation of smoking
• Stoppage/avoidance of alcohol to avoid increase in acid in the stomach
• Stress management
• Diet control—avoidance of spicy foods
• Hand hygiene to prevent infections
• Reduce intake of pain relivers or take medication with meals.

• Physical and clinical examination
• Guidance on Cessation of tobacco smoking
• Guidance/advice on Stoppage of alcohol
• Stoppage of use of NSAIDs for ulcers caused by taking NSAIDs
• Fluids therapy
• Guidance on diet
• Medication to reduce acidity
• Referral to a hospital