Interventions for Malaria

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community mobilization and engagement in malaria prevention and control activities Mass media on malaria prevention measures	Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larvicidal activities Environmental management Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC)	Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalarial treatment Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) RTS, S Malaria vaccine Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalaria treatment Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care unit for cerebral malaria

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community mobilization and engagement in malaria prevention and control activities Mass media on malaria prevention measures Mass media on malaria prevention measures Community based campaigns to promote use of bed nets, early health seeking behaviour Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control measures * Environmental Sanitation	''insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)" Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) plus insecticide treated bed nets (ITN) Larviciding Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larvicidal activities Environmental management Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC)	Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalarial treatment Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility Diagnosis confirmation for malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests Oral antimalaria for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria * Oral antipyretics for fever * Follow up on malaria treatment adherence Refer unresponsive or severe cases to the next higher level
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management) Intermittent preventive treatment for infants (IPTi) alongside routine vaccinations RTS, S Malaria vaccine Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) RTS, S Malaria vaccine Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalaria treatment Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility Diagnosis confirmation for malaria parasites- microscopy or RDT * Basic laboratory tests (blood, urine, etc) Oral antimalaria for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria Intravenous antimalarials for initial treatment of severe P. falciparum malaria Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria Intravenous glucose for hypoglycaemia Oral antipyretics for fever * Rectal artesunate suppository for pre-referral therapy Refer unresponsive or severe cases to the next higher level
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care unit for cerebral malaria

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Mass media on malaria prevention measures * Community based campaigns to promote use of bed nets, early health seeking behaviour * Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control measures	Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larvicidal Environmental management Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC	Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalarial treatment Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalaria treatment Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care unit for cerebral malaria

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community mobilization and engagement in malaria prevention and control activities Mass media on malaria prevention measures Mass media	"insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)" Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) plus insecticide treated bed nets (ITN) Larviciding Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larviciding Environmental management Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC)	Recognition of malaria signs and symptoms Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalarial treatment Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility Case management with artemisinin based combination therapy
Primary Care
			Oral antimalaria treatment Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Pre-referral artesunate rectal suppository Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility Parenteral artesunate for treating severe malaria	Cognitive exercises Physical therapy Speech therapy
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarials for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility	Cognitive exercises Physical therapy Speech therapy
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care for cerebral malaria	Cognitive exercises Physical therapy Speech therapy

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control Mass media on malaria prevention measures Community mobilization and engagement on malaria risk reduction, prevention and control and early treatment seeking Create mass awareness on malaria using social media, mass media, print media, public gatherings Social and behavioural change communication Promote the use of Information Education Communication (IEC) materials Improve CHW knowledge on malaria * School based education on malaria prevention	Integrated vector control management (e.g., ITN, IRS, larva source management etc Intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women (IPTp) Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larvicidal Environmental management		Oral antimalarial treatment Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility Diagnosis confirmation for malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests Treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria based on national guidelines * Management of fever using oral antipyretics * Follow up on malaria treatment adherence Refer unresponsive or severe cases to the next level
Primary Care
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs	Oral antimalarial treatment Intramuscular antimalarial empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility	Cognitive exercises Physical therapy Speech therapy
Referral Facility: General
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for treatment of severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility	Cognitive exercises Physical therapy Speech therapy
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on early identification of malaria symptoms and early treatment	Early identification and treatment of malaria Insecticide treated bed net for malaria cases	History Physical examination Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial for severe malaria IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care for cerebral malaria	Cognitive exercises Physical therapy Speech therapy

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control Mass media on malaria prevention measures	Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Indoor residual spraying (IRS) Larvicidal Environmental management	Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalarial treatment Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Primary Care
Community mobilization and engagement on malaria prevention and control Mass media campaign on malaria prevention and early treatment	Guidance on the use of malaria prevention measures	Microscopy Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)	Oral antimalaria treatment Intramuscular antimalarials empiric therapy for initial phase treatment of severe malaria * Immediate transfer of severe or unresponsive cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Community mobilization and engagement on malaria risk reduction, prevention and control and early treatment seeking Create mass awareness on malaria using social media, mass media, print media, public gatherings Social and behavioural change communication Promote the use of Information Education Communication (IEC) materials	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.)	Microscopy Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants Blood and blood product transfusion Immediate transfer of unresponsive or complicated cases to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community mobilization and engagement on malaria risk reduction, prevention and control and early treatment seeking Create mass awareness on malaria using social media, mass media, print media, public gatherings Social and behavioural change communication Promote the use of Information Education Communication (IEC) materials	Integrated vector control management (ITN, IRS, larva source management, etc.)	Microscopy PCR-based tests Full blood count Renal function tests Liver function tests Blood grouping and cross-match	Intravenous antimalarial IV Glucose IV anticonvulsants * Blood and blood product transfusion Haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Intensive care unit for cerebral malaria