Interventions for Neonatal Preterm Birth

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on the need for regular ANC and skilled birth attendance Promote good maternal nutrition/including nutritional supplementation	Support regular ANC attendance Support delivery by a skilled attendance Support timely access to obstetric care Smoking cessation Maintain healthy body weight Avoidance of heavy workload	Recognition of signs and symptoms	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Exclusive breast feeding Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility	Psychological support to parents of babies with birth-related complications
Primary Care
Promote family involvement in the routine care of preterm or low-birth-weight infants in health-care facilities	Identify high risk women Antibiotics for PROM Timely referral	History Physical examination Pelvic examination	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Exclusive breast feeding Expressed mother’s own milk feeding by cups, naso- or orogastric tubes Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility
Referral Facility: General
Promote family involvement in the routine care of preterm or low-birth-weight infants in health-care facilities	Manage pre-eclampsia correctly Corticosteroids for foetal lung maturity, Tocolytics to delay labour, Magnesium sulphate for foetal neuroprotection Antibiotics for PROM	History Physical examination Pelvic exam Transvaginal ultrasound Transabdominal ultrasound	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Expressed mother’s own milk feeding by cups, naso- or orogastric tubes Enteral iron supplementation Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy Caffeine or other methylxanthines (aminophylline or theophylline)	Physical therapy for children with neurological complications Education and counselling support to families to care for their sick, vulnerable, preterm or LBW infant
Referral Facility: Specialist
Promote family involvement in the routine care of preterm or low-birth-weight infants in health-care facilities	Manage pre-eclampsia correctly Corticosteroids for foetal lung maturity Tocolytics to delay labour Magnesium sulphate for foetal neuroprotection	History Physical examination Pelvic exam Non-stress cardiotocography Tocography Transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix Cervico-vaginal swab for fetal fibronectin		Physical therapy for children with neurological complications Education and counselling support to families to care for their sick, vulnerable, preterm or LBW infant

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
	Regular ANC attendance Delivery by a skilled attendance Timely access to obstetric care Smoking cessation Maintain healthy body weight Avoidance of heavy workload	Recognition of Neonatal Preterm birth signs and symptoms	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility	Physical therapy for children with neurological complications	Psychological support to parents of babies with birth-related complications
Primary Care
Promote family involvement in the routine care of preterm or low-birth-weight infants in health-care facilities	Identify high risk women Antibiotics for PROM Timely referral	History Physical examination Pelvic examination	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Expressed mother’s own milk feeding by cups, nasogastric tubes Immediate transfer to a higher-level health care facility	Physical therapy for children with neurological complications	Psychological support to parents of babies with birth-related complications
Referral Facility: General
Promote family involvement in the routine care of preterm or low-birth-weight infants in health-care facilities	Manage pre-eclampsia correctly Corticosteroids Tocolytics Magnesium sulphate Antibiotics for PROM	History Physical examination Pelvic exam Transvaginal ultrasound Transabdominal ultrasound scan	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Expressed mother’s own milk feeding by cups, nasogastric tubes Enteral iron supplementation Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy 8 Caffeine or other methylxanthines (aminophylline or theophylline)	Physical therapy for children with neurological complications	Education and psychosocial support to families to care for their sick, vulnerable, preterm or LBW infant
Referral Facility: Specialist
Promote family involvement in the routine care of preterm or low-birth-weight infants in health-care facilities	Manage pre-eclampsia correctly Corticosteroids Tocolytics Magnesium sulphate	History Physical examination Pelvic exam Non-stress cardiotocography Tocography Transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix Cervicovaginal swab for foetal fibronectin	Immediate Kangaroo mother care (KMC) Expressed mother’s own milk feeding by cups, nasogastric tubes Enteral iron supplementation Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy Caffeine or other methylxanthines (aminophylline or theophylline)	Physical therapy for children with neurological complications	Education and psychosocial support to families to care for their sick, vulnerable, preterm or LBW infant