Interventions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Community Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and management at community level			Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, sore throat, red waterly or sore eyes Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of rest/sleep Plenty of fluids for the patient Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Promote adherence to medication Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the pregnant women Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the pregnant women Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the pregnant women Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Proper nutrition for the pregnant women Good Hand hygiene practices Smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Seeking early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage	Proper nutrition for the pregnant women Good Hand hygiene practices Smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Seeking early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, red waterly or sore eyes, Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of fluids for the patient Plenty of rest Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Promote Breast feeding Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Guidance on good Hand hygiene practices for parents/caregivers and the children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the children -influenza, pneumococcal vaccines . Early treatment of URTI in children		Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Promote Breast feeding Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Guidance on good Hand hygiene practices for parents/caregivers and the children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the children -influenza, pneumococcal vaccines . Early treatment of URTI in children		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Promote Breast feeding Guidance on good Hand hygiene practices for parents/caregivers and the children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the children -influenza, pneumococcal vaccines . Early treatment of URTI in children		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Community Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and management at community level Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing	Proper nutrition for the child Hand hygiene practices for parents/caregivers and the school children Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Ensure Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines . Seek treatment early for any child with illness		Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, sore throat, red waterly or sore eyes Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of fluids for the patient Plenty of rest Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Provide Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines Early treatment of URTI in school Age children		Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines Early treatment of URTI in school. Age children		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g.pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance on Proper nutrition for the child Advice/promote good Hand hygiene practices for the school children Advice on Avoidance of smoking in the household/exposure of children to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Vaccination for the school age children –Influenza, pneumococcal vaccines Early treatment of URTI in school. Age children		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g.pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Community Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and management at community level Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing	Proper nutrition for the adolescents Hand hygiene practices for the adolescents Avoidance of smoking/exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Seek treatment early for any URTI		Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, sore throat, red waterly or sore eyes Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of fluids for the patient Plenty of rest Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adolescents Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media; compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adolescents Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adolescents Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Community Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and management at community level	Proper nutrition for adults Good Hand hygiene practices Avoidance of smoking/exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Seek treatment early for any upper respiratory tract infection		Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, sore throat, red waterly or sore eyes Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of fluids for the patient Plenty of rest Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adults Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g.chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adults Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/or avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatmnet for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g.pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the adults Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/or avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatmnet for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g.pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Awareness creation on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Community Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and management at community level	Proper nutrition for the elderly persons Good Hand hygiene practices Avoidance of smoking/exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Seek treatment early for any upper respiratory tract infection		Recognition of symptoms indicative of upper respiratory tract infections including fever, cough, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, sore throat, red waterly or sore eyes Relieve of pain with pain killers such as paracetamol Relieve of fever Proper nutrition Plenty of fluids for the patient Plenty of rest Vitamins - such as Vitamin C Referral to a health facility for further management
Primary Care
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the elderly persons Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Advice on the need to Seek treatment early for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidnace on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Physical and clinical examination Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Follow up, prevention of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways Referral to hospital for further management or management of any complications
Referral Facility: General
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the elderly persons Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways
Referral Facility: Specialist
Information on upper respiratory tract infections including prevention measures Distribution of IEC materials on URTI Promote Multi-sectoral approach in ensuring proper environmental sanitation including good housing Health workers training on URTI including prevention measures and its management	Guidance/advice on Proper nutrition for the elderly persons Promote Good Hand hygiene practices Guidance on smoking cessation/avoidance to exposure to secondary smoking Vitamin supplementation Early treatment for any upper respiratory tract infection Guidance on adherence to medication including completion of antibiotic dosage		Diagnostic tests including culture and sensitivity, radiological examination (X-rays, CT scans) Hydration/fluids therapy Management of Nasal congestion/use of decongestants/e.g. pseudoephedrine Management of pain -Analgesics e.g. paracetamol and NSAIDs) Management of fever Management of allergies – use of antihistamines e.g. chlorpheniramine Antibiotics therapy e.g. co*amoxiclav Management of cough- use of mucolytics Vitamin C Zinc gluconate Humidified hot air Follow up, prevention and management of complications such as otitis media, compromised airways