Interventions for Eye Conditions

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Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Distribute IEC materials, such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions Health education to communities on eye health Community education on hygiene and environmental sanitation Multi sectoral approach in improving environmental sanitation Training of CHWs on eye conditions including vision impairment	Community based screening for eye conditions Guidance on good Hygiene practices Guidance on good nutrition Promoting Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to prevent sight associated infections such as trachoma discourage use traditional medicines for eye care ophthalmology outreach services		Recognition of signs indicative of eye problems Identification of suspected impaired vision Referral of persons with eye conditions to a health facility	Home based/community-based rehabilitation Provide close support on daily activities performance	Counselling Linkage to support groups Psychosocial support
Primary Care
Distribute IEC materials such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions Health education to communities on eye health Multi sectoral approach in improving environmental sanitation Training of Health workers on eye conditions including vision impairment			Physical and clinical examination Assess for vision impairment including sudden or rapidly progressing loss of vision and refractory errors Medication for eye infections Reassess and follow up on -treatment compliance Refer for management to hospital level	Provide movement aids Occupational therapy	Counselling Linkage to support groups Psychosocial support
Referral Facility: General
Community education on hygiene and environmental sanitation Distribute IEC materials, such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions Health education to communities on eye health Training of Health	Discourage use traditional medicines for eye care Assess for associated conditions like diabetes and hypertension Guidance on good Hygiene practices Guidance on good nutrition Promoting Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to prevent sight associated infections such as trachoma Outreach services screening for eye conditions		Admission when necessary Follow up Antibiotics treatment for eye infections Provide specialized medical and surgical eye interventions High care Vision impairment assessments Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension Screen for refractory errors & provide eye glasses surgical treatment for eye conditions Clinical and physical examination Visual assessment	Eye rehabilitation Mobility and training in daily activities Occupational rehabilitation Provision of visual aids	Counselling Linkage to support groups Psychosocial support
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community education on hygiene and environmental sanitation Distribute IEC materials, such as brochures, leaflet, booklets on eye conditions Health education to communities on eye health Training of Health	Discourage use traditional medicines for eye care Assess for associated conditions like diabetes and hypertension Guidance on good Hygiene practices Guidance on good nutrition Promoting Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to prevent sight associated infections such as trachoma Outreach services screening for eye conditions		Clinical and physical examination Visual assessment Screen for refractory errors & provide eye glasses Antibiotics treatment for eye infections surgical treatment for eye conditions Admission when necessary Provide specialized medical and surgical eye interventions High care Vision impairment assessments Management of any underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension Follow up	Eye rehabilitation Mobility and training in daily activities Occupational rehabilitation Provision of visual aids	Counselling Linkage to support groups Psychosocial support

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Job aids (protocols) for eye conditions		Early identification of eye conditions and refer
Primary Care
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Oral vitamin A supplementation Vaccination: measles rubella Counselling on adherence to treatment regimen for chronic eye diseases Counselling to promote good eye health practices and prevention strategies Counselling and education on importance of spectacle compliance		Screening and diagnosis of eye diseases and vision impairment Test for visual acuity Visual field assessment Torchlight examination (external eye assessment)
Referral Facility: General
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Screening and diagnosis of eye diseases and vision impairment in community, schools Preferential looking visual acuity test for preverbal infants and toddlers		Management of refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus Patching for the treatment of amblyopia Provide spectacles Spectacle correction - presbyopia Topical cycloplegic drugs for the treatment of amblyopia
Referral Facility: Specialist
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Screening and diagnosis of eye diseases and vision impairment in community, schools Preferential looking visual acuity test for preverbal infants and toddlers		Management of refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus Strabismus surgery Patching for the treatment of amblyopia Provide spectacles Spectacle correction - presbyopia Topical cycloplegic drugs for the treatment of amblyopia Management of ocular cancer Intravenous chemotherapy for retinoblastoma Surgery for retinoblastoma Focal laser therapy for ocular cancer Cryotherapy for ocular cancer

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Counselling on adherence to treatment regimen for chronic eye diseases Counselling to promote good eye health practices and prevention strategies Counselling and education on importance of spectacle compliance		Early identification of eye conditions and refer
Primary Care
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Counselling on adherence to treatment regimen for chronic eye diseases Counselling to promote good eye health practices and prevention strategies Counselling and education on importance of spectacle compliance		Screening and diagnosis of eye diseases and vision impairment Test for visual acuity Visual field assessment Torchlight examination (external eye assessment)
Referral Facility: General
			Management of refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus Patching for the treatment of amblyopia Provide spectacles Spectacle correction - presbyopia Topical cycloplegic drugs for the treatment of amblyopia
Referral Facility: Specialist
			Management of refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus Strabismus surgery Patching for the treatment of amblyopia Provide spectacles Spectacle correction - presbyopia Topical cycloplegic drugs for the treatment of amblyopia Management of ocular cancer Intravenous chemotherapy for retinoblastoma Surgery for retinoblastoma Focal laser therapy for ocular cancer Cryotherapy for ocular cancer

Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Counselling on adherence to treatment regimen for chronic eye diseases Counselling to promote good eye health practices and prevention strategies Counselling and education on importance of spectacle compliance		Early identification of eye conditions and refer
Primary Care
Community awareness on the importance of early and regular comprehensive eye examinations	Counselling on adherence to treatment regimen for chronic eye diseases Counselling to promote good eye health practices and prevention strategies Counselling and education on importance of spectacle compliance		Screening and diagnosis of eye diseases and vision impairment Test for visual acuity Visual field assessment Torchlight examination (external eye assessment)
Referral Facility: General
	Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)		Management of refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus Patching for the treatment of amblyopia Provide spectacles Spectacle correction - presbyopia Topical cycloplegic drugs for the treatment of amblyopia
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Vaccination: pneumococcal conjugate Vaccination: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)		Management of refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus Strabismus surgery Patching for the treatment of amblyopia Provide spectacles Spectacle correction - presbyopia Topical cycloplegic drugs for the treatment of amblyopia Management of ocular cancer Intravenous chemotherapy for retinoblastoma Surgery for retinoblastoma Focal laser therapy for ocular cancer Cryotherapy for ocular cancer