Interventions for Epilepsy

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Age Cohort: Pregnancy and newborn

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Provide information and Awareness creation on Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma. Multi-sectoral approach to reduce incidences of trauma e.g. reducing the road traffic accidents Distribution of IEC materials on Epilepsy Multi sectoral approach in promotion of access to opportunities such as educational,occupations to epileptics Promote public private partnership to improve care and reduce the disease impact Integration of epilepsy care in community health systems Community Health workers education on epilepsy, including signs and symptoms, prevention measures, its management at community level	Preventing head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy. ANC attendance for adequate and promoting health facilities deliveries to reduce possibility new cases of epilepsy caused by birth injury. Prevention of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases to reduce stroke related epilepsy. Such factors include Exercises and healthy diets as Measures to control obesity and diabetes, high blood pressure Avoidance of tobacco use Avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption Prevention and seeking treatment early for infections such as malaria e.g. through elimination of parasites Education on prevention of infections Prevention of falls, drownings, burns		Early recognition of signs of epilepsy such as recurrent seizures, (brief episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized) and are sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness and control of bowel or bladder function. Relieve of any pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures through use of pain medications First aid on any other complication due to seizures eg burns Psychosocial support for patients with anxiety and/depression. Due to epilepsy Referral to a health facility for management	Promote access to occupational opportunities/education	Psychosocial support for the patient and their families Societal education to reduce discrimination and social stigma
Primary Care

Referral Facility: General

Referral Facility: Specialist

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Information and awareness creation on seizures disorders including epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma Mobilize organizations and community groups to raise epilepsy awareness and support people with epilepsy and their families	Prevention and seeking treatment early for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Prevention of head trauma and falls * Childhood vaccination Early and effective management of febrile convulsion	Recognition signs and symptoms of seizure disorders	First aid Analgesics to relief pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures Referral to a health facility for management		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Primary Care
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma	History Physical examination Complete blood count	First aid Glucose for hypoglycaemia Antiepileptic medications Antipyretics for febrile seizures		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers
Referral Facility: General
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent	History Physical examination Complete blood count Neuropsychological exam Electroencephalogram (EEG)	Antiepileptic medications Antipyretics for seizures Ketogenic diet.		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Early identification and treatment for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent	History Physical examination Neuropsychological exam Complete blood count CSF exam Electroencephalography (EEG) Computerized tomography (CT) scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Functional MRI (fMRI) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Positron emission tomography (PET)	Public financing for epilepsy treatment Anti-epileptic medication Vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsy surgery Ketogenic diet. Deep brain stimulation		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Information and awareness creation on seizures disorders including epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma Mobilize organizations and community groups to raise epilepsy awareness and support people with epilepsy and their families	Prevention and seeking treatment early for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Prevention of head trauma and falls	Recognition seizure disorder signs and symptoms	First aid Analgesics to relief pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures Referral to a health facility for management
Primary Care
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Early identification and treatment for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy Guidance and counselling on avoiding seizure triggers such as sleep deprivation, alcohol, etc.	History Physical examination Complete blood count	First aid Antiepileptic medications Basic psychosocial treatment
Referral Facility: General
	Early identification and treatment for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy Guidance and counselling on avoiding seizure triggers such as sleep deprivation, alcohol, etc.	History Physical examination Complete blood count Neuropsychological exam Electroencephalogram (EEG)	Antiepileptic medications Ketogenic diet. Basic psychosocial treatment		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Early identification and treatment for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy Guidance and counselling on avoiding seizure triggers such as sleep deprivation, alcohol, etc.	History Physical examination Neuropsychological exam Complete blood count CSF exam Electroencephalography (EEG) Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Positron emission tomography (PET)	Anti-epileptic medication Vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsy surgery Ketogenic diet. Deep brain stimulation		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Information and awareness creation on seizures disorders including epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma Mobilize organizations and community groups to raise epilepsy awareness and support people with epilepsy and their families	Prevention and seeking treatment early for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Prevention of head trauma and falls * Childhood vaccination Early and effective management of febrile convulsion	Recognition of signs of seizures disorders	First aid Analgesics to relief pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures Referral to a health facility for management
Primary Care
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma	Screening for pregnancy complications Prevention of perinatal injuries Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Immunization	History Physical examination Complete blood count	First aid Glucose for hypoglycaemia Antiepileptic medications Antipyretics for febrile seizures
Referral Facility: General
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent	History Physical examination Complete blood count Neuropsychological exam Electroencephalogram (EEG)	Antiepileptic medications Antipyretics for seizures Ketogenic diet.		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Guidance and counselling on preventing head injury to prevent	History Physical examination Neuropsychological exam Complete blood count CSF exam Electroencephalography (EEG) Computerized tomography (CT) scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Functional MRI (fMRI) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Positron emission tomography (PET)	Anti-epileptic medication Vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsy surgery Ketogenic diet. Deep brain stimulation		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)

Age Cohort: < 5 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Information and awareness creation on seizures disorders including epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma Mobilize organizations and community groups to raise epilepsy awareness and support people with epilepsy and their families	Prevention and seeking treatment early for febrile infections such as malaria and other viral/bacterial infections Prevention of head trauma and falls * Childhood vaccination	Recognition of signs of seizure disorders	First aid Analgesics to relief pain due to physical injuries as a result of seizures Referral to a health facility for management		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Primary Care
Health education on seizures disorders including Epilepsy, its recognition and prevention measures Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Screening for pregnancy complications Prevention of perinatal injuries Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Immunization Early and effective management of febrile convulsion	History Physical examination Complete blood count	First aid Glucose for hypoglycaemia Antiepileptic medications Antipyretics for febrile seizures
Referral Facility: General
Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Screening for pregnancy complications Prevention of perinatal injuries Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Immunization Early and effective management of febrile convulsion	History Physical examination Complete blood count Neuropsychological exam Electroencephalogram (EEG)	Antiepileptic medications Antipyretics for seizures Ketogenic diet.		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)
Referral Facility: Specialist
Education to prevent misunderstanding, discrimination and social stigma.	Screening for pregnancy complications Prevention of perinatal injuries Effective treatment of febrile infections and head trauma Immunization Early and effective management of febrile convulsion	History Physical examination Neuropsychological exam Complete blood count CSF exam Electroencephalography (EEG) Computerized tomography (CT) scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Functional MRI (fMRI) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Positron emission tomography (PET)	Anti-epileptic medication Vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsy surgery Ketogenic diet. Deep brain stimulation		Psychoeducation and psychosocial support (including for patient’s carers)