Interventions for Falls

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Age Cohort: 60+ years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on how to identify and modify hazards that might lead to in indoor and outdoor environment accidents Promote policies and playground standards requiring soft play surfaces and restricted fall heights Discourage harmful traditional practice in the management of falls	Home safety information, education and support about fall risks and how to reduce them Gait, balance and functional training Active lifestyle and regular physical activity including aerobic and resistance exercises	Recognition of Falls signs and symptoms	First aid (airway repositioning and cervical spine stabilization) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Family or caregiver educational training
Primary Care
Health education on home safety, modifying hazards	Standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray	First aid (airway repositioning and cervical spine stabilization) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs, Remove barriers to social and economic services
Referral Facility: General
Health education on home safety, modifying hazards	Standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Ultrasound	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) management IV fluids Blood and blood product transfusion Acute trauma management, Transfer to higher centres for complicated cases	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs, Remove barriers to social and economic services
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on home safety, modifying hazards	Standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Contrast CT scan MRI	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) management Blood and blood product transfusion Major surgery Re-constructive surgery	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs, Remove barriers to social and economic services

Age Cohort: 25 - 59 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on how to identify and modify hazards that might lead to in indoor and outdoor environment accidents Discourage harmful traditional practice in the management of falls	Home safety information, education and support about fall risks and how to reduce them Gait, balance and functional training Active lifestyle and regular physical activity including aerobic and resistance exercises	Recognition of Falls signs and symptoms	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) (Pre-hospital care) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Family or caregiver educational training
Primary Care
Health education on home safety, modifying hazards	Standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) management Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs, Remove barriers to social and economic services
Referral Facility: General
Health education on home safety, modifying hazards	Standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Ultrasound	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) management IV fluids Blood and blood product transfusion Acute trauma management, Transfer to higher centres for complicated cases	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs,
Referral Facility: Specialist
Health education on home safety, modifying hazards	Standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Contrast CT scan MRI	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) management Blood and blood product transfusion Major surgery Re-constructive surgery	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs, Remove barriers to social and economic services

Age Cohort: 12 - 24 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on how to identify and modify hazards that might lead to in indoor and outdoor environment accidents Promote policies and playground standards requiring soft play surfaces and restricted fall heights Discourage harmful traditional practice in the management of falls	Home safety information, education and support to parents about child fall risks and how to reduce them Parenting programmes for low-income and other marginalized families	Recognition of falls signs and symptoms	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) (Pre-hospital care) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Family or caregiver educational training
Primary Care
	Put in place standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray	Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs
Referral Facility: General
	Put in place standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Ultrasound	Paediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) IV fluids Blood and blood product transfusion Acute trauma management, Transfer to higher centres for complicated cases	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Put in place standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Contrast CT scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Paediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Blood and blood product transfusion Major surgery Re-constructive surgery	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs,

Age Cohort: 5 - 11 years

Health Promotion	Disease Prevention	Diagnostic	Curative	Rehabilitative	Palliative
Community Level
Community awareness on how to identify and modify hazards that might lead to in indoor and outdoor environment accidents Promote policies and playground standards requiring soft play surfaces and restricted fall heights Discourage harmful traditional practice in the management of falls	Home safety information, education and support to parents about child fall risks and how to reduce them Parenting programmes for low-income and other marginalized families	Recognition of falls signs and symptoms	First aid (airway repositioning and cervical spine stabilization) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Family or caregiver educational training
Primary Care
	Put in place standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray	First aid (airway repositioning and cervical spine stabilization) Immediate transfer to higher level for appropriate care	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs
Referral Facility: General
	Put in place standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Ultrasound	Paediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) IV fluids Blood and blood product transfusion Acute trauma management, Transfer to higher centres for complicated cases	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs
Referral Facility: Specialist
	Put in place standard safety measures for all patients regardless of the risk identified	History Physical examination X-ray Computerized tomography (CT) scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Paediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) management Blood and blood product transfusion Major surgery Re-constructive surgery	Physical rehabilitation Occupational therapy Family or caregiver educational training Provide assistive products such as wheelchairs